This study was an objective investigation of an operant program in behavior modification using tangible reinforoers, which was conducted in two Special Education classes in the Denton Independent School District.

Notre thèse étudie la relation de soin entre les aides-soignants ou les aides médico-psychologiques et la personne cérébro-lésée (PCL). Après atteinte cérébrale, les troubles invisibles se traduisent par l’altération de la communication et la manifestation de comportements « déviants » agressifs et sexuels, provoquant l'incertitude. Dans ce contexte, cette relation comprend des enjeux concernant sa bienveillance, le sens des comportements, l'adaptabilité des pratiques, le travail émotionnel, et l’identité professionnelle. Nous interrogeons les représentations sociales de ces soignants à propos de la PCL afin d’éclairer leur travail de soin.Dans une démarche de triangulation, nous avons effectué des entretiens de recherche individuels (n=37), une enquête par questionnaire (n=130) et des focus-groups (n=4).Nos analyses apportent des connaissances sur les contenus et l’organisation des représentations sociales de la PCL chez les soignants. Ils mobilisent un savoir partagé pour définir des stratégies de communication adaptées et mettre du sens aux comportements agressifs à partir de l’état de « conscience » de la personne. Cet état oriente les pratiques et le travail émotionnel des soignants. Il apparaît une représentation de la sexualité « cérébro-lésée », pensée à partir de la représentation de la sexualité humaine, et liée à des pratiques de « mise à l’écart » de la sexualité visant à les prémunir d’une pollution symbolique.Notre recherche montre que les troubles invisibles acquièrent une visibilité par la détermination d’une « conscience » relationnelle. Les comportements agressifs et sexuels ont un statut différent au regard de la dimension symbolique de la relation. / De la dimension symbolique de la relation. Our thesis studies the care relationship between certified nursing assistants or medical-psychological assistants and the brain-injured person. After brain damage, the invisible disorders result in the alteration of communication and the manifestation of aggressive and sexual "deviant" behaviors, causing uncertainty. In this context, this relationship includes issues concerning its benevolence, the sense of behaviors, adaptability of practices, emotional labour, and professional identity. We studie the social representations of these caregivers about the brain-injured person to inform their care work.In a triangulation approach, we conducted individual research interviews (n=37), a questionnaire survey (n=130) and focus groups (n=4).Our analyzes provide knowledge about the content and organization of social representations of the brain-injured person among caregivers. They mobilize shared knowledge to define appropriate communication strategies and put meaning to aggressive behavior from the state of "consciousness" of the person. This state orients theirs practices and emotional labour. It appears a representation of "brain-injured" sexuality, thought from the representation of human sexuality, and linked to practices of "push out" sexuality to protect them from symbolic pollution.Our research shows that invisible disorders gain visibility by a relational "consciousness". Aggressive and sexual behaviors have differents status in relation to the symbolic dimension of the relationship.

Orientador: Maria Irma Hadler Coudry / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T01:54:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Zaniboni_LilianFatima_D.pdf: 1072151 bytes, checksum: b7eb6589e056f60bcc2d44c1a9271dd0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: A linguagem de sujeitos cérebro-lesados é um tema comum à Neurolingüística Discursiva e à Fonoaudiologia tradicional-hegemônica. Contudo, a Fonoaudiologia tradicional-hegemônica a interpreta exclusivamente como sistema de signos lingüísticos homogêneos, enquanto que a Neurolingüística a vê também como processo de significação e de subjetivação. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi compreender como se deu a formação do domínio do saber da Fonoaudiologia sobre a linguagem, bem como apresentar contribuições da Neurolingüística para a construção de um novo olhar sobre a linguagem de sujeitos com episódio neurológico. Para tanto, foi realizada uma investigação bibliográfica sobre o surgimento da Fonoaudiologia no Brasil, observando a co-ocorrência desse acontecimento com fatores históricos, políticos, econômicos e teórico-científicos. Foi feita, ainda, uma análise de enunciados de estudos realizados nestes últimos treze anos na Fonoaudiologia que abordam a linguagem em sujeitos cérebro-lesados. Por fim, foram apresentadas cenas enunciativas entre uma fonoaudióloga e alguns sujeitos com lesão neurológica e, a partir delas, foram analisados os processos da linguagem que, tradicionalmente, são interpretados como condições patológicas. Foi possível observar que a Fonoaudiologia surgiu a partir um modelo hegemônico da Medicina higienista e normativa, apoiando-se no mecanicismo empírico de produzir ciência, fato este que ainda consta das pesquisas tradicional-hegemônicas produzidas nessa área. Observou-se, ainda, que a Neurolingüística traz contribuições importantes para a Fonoaudiologia favorecendo a constituição de um espaço terapêutico fundamentado essencialmente na alteridade, na especularidade e na complementariedade. Além disso, esclarece a relação normal-patológico da e na linguagem, compreendendo os momentos de estereotipias, ecolalias e silêncios no fio discursivo como acontecimentos lingüísticos, inerentes à (indeterminação da) linguagem e que servem para o sujeito cérebro-lesado como recurso lingüístico para garantir a efetividade do seu dizer / Abstract: The occurred language of brain-injured individuals is a common theme to Discursive Neurolinguistics and to the traditional-hegemonic Speech-language Pathology. However, the traditional-hegemonic Speech-language Pathology interprets it exclusively as a system of linguistic signs while Neurolinguistics also sees it as a signification and subjectivation process. Therefore, the aim of this study was to understand how Speech-language Pathology knowledge formation domains over the occurred language, as well as to present contributions to Neurolinguistics to set up a new focus on the occurred language of individuals presenting neurological events. In order to do that, a bibliographic survey about the appearance of Speech-language Pathology in Brazil was performed observing its co-occurrence with historical, political, economical and scientific-theoretical factors. An analysis of the statements of studies performed in the last thirteen years about Speech-language Pathology that deal with occurred language in brain-injured individuals was also performed. At last, enunciative scenes between a Speech-language Pathologist and some individuals presenting neurological injuries were performed and through these scenes the language processes that are traditionally interpreted as pathological conditions could be analyzed. It was possible to observe that Speech-language Pathology appeared from a hegemonic model of hygienist and normative medicine supported by an empiric mechanism to produce science, a fact that is still composed by traditional-hegemonic researches performed in this area. It was also possible to observe that Neurolinguistics offers important contributions to Speech-language Pathology, supporting the constitution of a therapeutic space essentially based on alterity, speculation and complementarity. Moreover it establishes the normal-pathological relation of and within the occurred language, understanding moments of stereotypy, echolalia and silence in the discursive thread as linguistic events, inherent to the (indetermination of) occurred language and that works as a linguistic resource to brain-injured individuals to assure the effectiveness of their speech / Doutorado / Linguistica / Doutor em Linguística

No description available.

The problem with which this study was concerned involved the identification of minimally brain-injured children. The performance on the "Birch-Belmont Auditory-Visual Integration Test" by twenty-five minimally brain-injured students was compared to the performance of twenty-five non-brain-injured children. It was found that when ages and I.Q. scores were not significantly different, and when sexes were approximately proportionate, the M.B.I. children scored significantly lower than did the non-brain-injured children. While it was indicated that the minimally brain-injured children perform less adequately on auditory-visual integration, no comparison of intrasensory and intersensory functioning was made. It was suggested that the test not be employed for sole determination of minimal brain injury, but that it may be used as a screening device quite appropriately.

One of the goals of cognitive rehabilitation following traumatic brain injury is to help people perform everyday tasks. However, options for the rigorous assessment of everyday cognitive effectiveness after rehabilitation are limited. Performance on neuropsychological tests is only moderately correlated with everyday functioning, while previous measures of everyday functioning include only fairly general estimates of overall cognitive functioning. The aim of the current study was to develop an ecologically valid measure that captured a number of subdomains of executive functioning, using systematic behavioural observation of an everyday task. The initial phase of the research involved identifying an everyday task that was sufficiently complex to ensure that executive functioning was utilised in the completion of the task. Participants with traumatic brain injury were then asked to prepare chocolate brownies, using a recipe provided, and a hot drink. Participants were allowed to use any compensatory strategy to help complete the task. Participant performance was directly observed by an examiner and videotaped for subsequent inter-rater reliability. Two independent raters assessed nine components of executive functioning. During this phase, the examiner manuals were modified improving inter-rater reliability. The final version of the measure was then trialled with participants with and without traumatic brain injury. Final inter-rater reliability indicated the approach had merit. Significant and moderate correlations were found between traditional measures of executive functioning and the everyday task. This study employed systematic behavioural observation to obtain fine-grained information regarding a person’s cognitive functioning. With further development, this approach may prove useful for targeting and monitoring specific functional difficulties during cognitive rehabilitation.