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Women’s centres to the rescue : an examination of the contributions women’s centres have made to communities throughout British ColumbiaRucci, Cristina 11 1900 (has links)
The purpose of this thesis is to illustrate the way in which feminist-based organizations -
specifically women's centres - have sought to fulfill the unmet social needs of women and
children living throughout British Columbia. This thesis achieves this end through a number of
different means. A literature review provides background on feminist planning and an overview
of the history of the women's movement in Canada. An examination of B.C. women's centres,
which includes a close look at the similar and unique services offered, demonstrates the positive
contributions made by centres. A case study, which thoroughly reviews the history of one
specific centre (the North Shore Women's Centre), shows how women's centres evolve over
time in order to meet the changing needs of the women in their communities. An analysis
explores the opportunities and constraints that the members of women's centres have faced in
trying to carry out their various activities.
This thesis has been based on, and has utilized, the goals and methodologies created by feminist
planners. In doing so, it takes women's needs, interests, and experiences into account, and aims
to make a contribution to knowledge that women can use to improve their lives / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate
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782 |
Fees in public schoolsBouman, Claudette Eunice 05 1900 (has links)
This study investigated fees in public schools in seven school districts of British
Columbia. A conceptual framework was formulated from issues in the literature on
privatization, principles of taxation, school fee law and practices, and the public/private sectors
of education. The framework was then applied to study the occurrence of school fees in public
education and their effects on students.
Purposive sampling techniques were employed to select districts, schools, and personnel
for the study. Selection criteria included size, wealth, location and ethnic composition of
districts and schools. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a total of fifty-four
professionals including school district officials, school administrators and teachers. The data
were analyzed using qualitative techniques.
Explanations for current fee practices included: 1) financial and budgetary limitations;
2) the philosophy of users' pay; and 3) an educational policy on voluntary educational pursuits.
Fees as a source of revenue to maintain, improve and introduce educational services occurred
in four categories: curricular, extracurricular, incidental, and supplementary and special.
Administrators at the district and school levels emphasized that fee waivers, bursaries and
reimbursements could be applied where necessary. However, costs could not always be
absorbed by the school and, needy students were not always easily identified. Schools varied
in the degree to which they experienced fee administration difficulties. Most principals indicated
that the elimination of all school fees would result in curtailment or discontinuation of certain
activities and items. Educators agreed that psychological and social effects from charging fees
were also important concerns. Main conclusions are: 1) the benefit principle and ability-to-pay principle are both used
to justify school fees; 2) school policies and laws define the application of fees according to
required and non-required curricula, thus fees are encountered chiefly for course electives and
voluntary activities; 3) by charging fees, schools are able to provide resources necessary for
student programs and activities; 4) fees can negatively impact on student participation and
psychology. Two policy directions are suggested based on the principles of benefit and abilityto-
pay: the maintenance of current levels of fees and the augmentation of fee in public schools. / Education, Faculty of / Educational Studies (EDST), Department of / Graduate
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783 |
Gambling in British Columbia: a case study of Seaport centreBooth, Robert D. 05 1900 (has links)
This thesis examines gambling in British Columbia and reviews the failed Seaport
Centre casino proposal for downtown Vancouver.
The third wave of gambling sweeping across North America started when the state
of Nevada re-legalized casinos in 1931, and underwent a major boom with the
introduction of the first state lottery this century in New Hampshire in 1964. Since this
time, virtually every state and provincial government in North America has introduced
some form of legalized gambling.
This thesis examines the third wave of gambling, and the rise of the urban casino
which began to emerge in the late 1980's and early 1990's. The rise of the urban casino
provides policy makers significant urban planning considerations. First, a review is
conducted of the literature on gambling, illustrating the new phenomenon in gambling -
the urban casino. Second, an analysis and history of gambling in Canada and British
Columbia is explored. Third, a case study on the Seaport Centre casino proposal for
Vancouver's downtown waterfront is documented, illustrating the issues associated with
urban casinos from a planning perspective.
The thesis documents the history of gambling in North American society. The
current gambling wave sweeping the continent has been described as the third wave of
gambling. Driving the most recent wave of gambling has been governments revenue
imperative, promotion of gambling interest from business and certain interest groups and
consumers demand for gambling games. As casinos moved to the forefront of the
gambling explosion, the rise of the urban casino provided complex urban planning
considerations. The case study on the Seaport Centre casino proposal for Vancouver
provides a good framework for understanding the issues associated with urban casinos,
many of which are local in nature. While the Seaport Centre proposal ultimately failed,
the comprehensive analysis the City of Vancouver conducted serves as a useful guide for
policy makers to understand the issues associated with an urban casino. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate
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784 |
The facilitation of spiritual connection for the First Nations’ people of British Columbia: a critical incident analysisChristopher, Ada 05 1900 (has links)
Limited research has been conducted into First Nations' healing, particularly
in the area of First Nations' spiritual connection. First Nations' spiritual connection is
perceived to be important from a counselling perspective.
The intent of this study was to construct a fairly comprehensive guide of what
helps and what hinders spiritual connection among members of British Columbia's
(BC's) First Nations, through a First Nations' voice.
Eleven adult members of First Nations living in BC were interviewed to obtain
information in the form of critical incidents regarding what helps or what hinders
spiritual connection. From these interviews, 29 categories were described as what
helped or hindered spiritual connection. These are: ceremonial activities, Elder's
teachings/guidance, establishing a connection with nature, prayer, family
connection, changing thinking, spiritual beliefs, supernatural experiences, residential
school, helping others, seeking help, dreams, role model, spiritual practices, self
awareness/self acceptance, receiving your name, cultural preservation/ reclamation,
sacred object, First Nations' traditional beliefs, alcoholism and drug recovery,
visions, establishing social connection, creative activity, philosophy of life, joining
organized religion, teachings/guidance, cultural connection/cultural awareness,
relationship to the Creator, speaking a traditional First Nations' language.
The findings of this study contribute to the field of counselling psychology by
providing a reasonably comprehensive scheme of categories and themes that
describe, from a First Nations' perspective what facilitates spiritual connection. / Education, Faculty of / Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of / Graduate
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785 |
Grandview greenway : an investigation of ecological enhancement & stormwater management as a means of connection in an urban environmentStewart, Greg 05 1900 (has links)
Greenways are linear open spaces, sometimes called "Green Links" which connect parks,
Nature preserves, cultural features, historic sites, neighbourhoods, schools and shopping
areas. They are often located along either natural corridors like ocean fronts, rivers,
stream valleys, ridgelines, or built landscapes such as rail rights-of-way converted to
recreational use, canals, trails, scenic roads, lanes or dedicated or shared streets. In the
city of Vancouver there is a great opportunity to establish a link between Trout Lake,
located in East Vancouver, and False Creek, located in the heart of Vancouver. The
mission for this thesis project is to design a greenway connecting Trout Lake to False
Creek with special focus on ecological enhancement and stormwater management.
The Route itself has already received citywide support in City Plan approved in 1995.
The Greenway, as indicated in the report, will connect Trout Lake to False Creek via the
Grandview Cut. With city policy supporting the greenway, the bulk of the thesis is
incorporating ecological enhancement and stormwater management into the design.
Stormwater from the Trout Lake watershed will be brought to the surface, cleaned
through biofiltration by wetlands, and used to sustain a stream, which flows year round to
False Creek. By design the stream will be able to support a number of fish habitat, such
as Coastal Cutthroat, Coho Salmon, and the endangered Salish Sucker, to name a few.
As the Greenway reaches False Creek Flats there is an opportunity to daylight (bring to
the surface) two of Vancouver's historic lost streams: China Creek, and Brewery Creek.
The study begins with a series of large-scale context analyses, looking at how the
proposed Grandview Greenway fits into the city of Vancouver as a whole. The analyses
include topography, hydrology, watershed boundaries, utilities, openspace, circulation,
structures, zoning, and how cultural views and perceptions of the environment have
changed over the past 50 years.
Trout lake watershed in its built form is the next area of focus. Starting at the individual
lot, an analysis of the current condition is identified as it relates to stormwater
management. Suggestions are made to increase the amount of groundwater infiltration,
while reducing the amount of surface runoff collected in the watershed. Runoff
calculations for the watershed illustrate the limits to the proposed system ie. the
maximum size of wetland needed to store and treat all stormwater runoff before it enters
Trout Lake, and the minimum flow the creek will require during summer dry periods.
All calculations support the feasibility of the proposed greenway in its entirety.
Route options are explored to connect the stream to the Grandview Cut, followed by the
detailed design of the Grandview Cut to accommodate the stream, pedestrians, cyclists,
the existing rail line, and wildlife. Once in the False Creek Flats, route options are once
again explored to link the stream to False Creek. Now in the industrial section of the
greenway route, the form of the stream changes from a model of a natural system to that
of an urban canal. This allows the system to accommodate more water, while using less
total land area.
China Creek Park is the next detailed design focus. The goal is to daylight China Creek
through the park and connect it to the Grandview Greenway system. It is proposed that
for this section of the greenway, the initiative be entirely derived through community
groups as well as special interest groups, rather than by the City of Vancouver. What is
proposed is at a smaller scale with less intervention to the Landscape.
The final stage of the proposed greenway is the estuary as it enters False Creek near
Science World. Detailed design shows how the canal enters False Creek and how it
relates to Science World, the Sea Wall, and to the proposed Sustainable Community of
Southeast False Creek. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Architecture and Landscape Architecture (SALA), School of / Graduate
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786 |
The City of Vancouver’s industrial land use planning in a context of economic restructuringLogue, Scott 05 1900 (has links)
Industrial land use and economic policy created by the City of Vancouver
between 1968 and 1991 is analysed within a context of economic restructuring to
illustrate how these types of policies may be improved. Within this time frame,
the City of Vancouver had three distinct periods of policy development that were
largely delineated by local political and economic factors. The first period was
characterised by a liberal-based civic party in control of the local administration,
a healthy urban economy, and a post-industrial sentiment that did not support
the industrial community and resulted in a significant decrease in the city's
supply of industrial land. In the second period, an increasingly left of centre local
government was forced to contend with the poor economic conditions of the
early 1980s; consequently, the industrial sector and the economy as a whole
received considerable attention and support from the local government. The
third period was characterised by the re-birth of post-industrialism and a right of
centre administration with little interest in economic planning or maintaining an
industrial sector in the City of Vancouver. The main lessons to be drawn from
this policy analysis are (1) that the modern economy will continue to change
rapidly and generate significant consequences and challenges for civic
governments, (2) there are benefits to planning for the future rather than simply
accommodating change as it happens, (3) the short sighted agendas of
politicians need to be tempered by an assessment of the long term
consequences of policy development and implementation, (4) there needs to be co-operation between the region's numerous public bodies to ensure
complementary policy development across municipal boundaries, and (5)
governments need to be proactive and engage in economic planning during both
growth and recessionary economic periods in order to embrace new economic
opportunities as they arise, mitigate the negative consequences that change
often generates, and help produce strategic visions for planning purposes. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate
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787 |
A hybrid commercial/library building for the resort town of WhistlerMallen, Peter J. W. 05 1900 (has links)
The hybrid nature of the building's program became the central idea behind the design of the project.
The combination of office, retail and library funcions was an attempt to investigate the possibility of integrating
a public amenity space directly within a private building. The implication of such a collision of uses
was not only the potential for public cost savings and the promotion of public construction, but as well a
possibility of the creation of a symbiotic relationship between these two forces. The private spaces of the
building could make use of some of the public, while the public spaces could make use of some of the
private.
The project took on a diagramatic and absract nature early on, detatched architecturally somewhat
from surrounding site conditions in order to investigate the possibilities of connecting and overlapping the
building's public and private uses. An early series of diagrams and sectional sketches began to shape the
building in its beginning. The three major elements of the program (office, library and retail) were initially
separated vertically in space. The retail occupied the ground floor, the library the second, and the offices the
final and third. However, the idea of interrelation of the spaces required a greater extent of overlapping and
mixture. Thus, the strategy of a split-level shceme started to emerge. The three separations remained
somewhat intact, however separated by intermittent split levels. These split levels contained spaces which
could relate to either the floor directly above or below. The idea was that these 'shared' spaces could contain
elements of the program which could be used by both library and retail, or by both office and library. The net
result was a 'saving' of space, as well as a mixing of public and private functions.
Yet, with the mixing of public and private uses came the architectural issue of building security. How
could a public book enter and leave a retail store? How could a private office be contained from public
access? Would the separate retail units truly relate with the library space? Were there more possibilies for
more double uses?
The library took on the role of both public amenity and private retail enterprise at this point in the
project. The move seemed to satisfy both issues of security and interrelationship between public and private
functions. The security system of the library would double as the cash desk; the library stacks would contain
both borrowable books and commercial retail goods for consumption; the seating for the library would also
provide for the in-house cafe-bar; library staff would also function as staff for the shared smaller offices on
the second floor. In this sense, the combination of private and public functions not only reduced the need for
excess (publically funded) space, but aslo presented the idea of a saving of maintenance and operational
costs.
The location of the building in Whistler village was done for two main reasons: the town, at present,
is currently without a permanent library for a rapidly growing full-time population; and the town, as a resort
municipality, relies heavily on its commercial activity in order to energize its main, public pedestrian outdoor
mall. The specific site of the building was a point in the village which related both directly to this
pedestrian mall as well as an adjacent shopping centre, intended for the vehicular traffic and use of the more
full-time residents of Whistler Village. Here the full time residents coming in to use the library could
perhaps discover its second commercial nature, while tourists may make use of the public use of the building
while going in soley to shop. The building would then be a place where both full-time residents and incidental
tourists could both come, interacting within the same building for an array of different reasons.
Architecturally, the building was a modest success: the issue of security had been adressed and overlapping
of private and public functions was explored in the building. However, the notion that a library
would become a highly commercial retailer still seemed improbable; even in an age of decreasing government
spending and reliance upon the private sector for public services, the difficulty in motivating a traditionally
public sector into an entrepreneurially self-sustaining enterprise prevented the likelihood of its
construction. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Architecture and Landscape Architecture (SALA), School of / Graduate
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788 |
Community-police partnerships: coproducing crime prevention services : a Vancouver case studyCairns, Michele Elizabeth 11 1900 (has links)
Since the early 1990s, the Vancouver Police Department has embarked upon coproductive
service arrangements with various geographic communities throughout the city of
Vancouver. Through the vehicle of storefront crime prevention offices (CPOs), local
communities and the police are working in partnership to problem-solve around local crime
and safety issues. Three models of crime prevention offices have emerged: ethnic-specific,
police-run, and community-run. This thesis focuses on a case study of the community-run
model—community crime prevention offices (CCPOs).
Through participant observation, key informant interviews, analysis of policy documents and
a review of the respective literatures on community policing and community crime
prevention theory and practice, the present case study was examined. Key informants
revealed basic partner expectations. The community expect the police to be accessible to the
offices through their physical presence and by ongoing two-way communications regarding
community crime-related concerns. The police, in return, expect the CCPOs to provide a
conduit through which community needs and priorities can be communicated to them. Each
partner brings to the office function different responsibilities. The community is responsible
for maintaining adequate levels of community support for office programs and services. The
police provide a set level of human and material resources to all crime prevention offices.
Much has been written on the rationale behind the "community-police partnership" era.
However, less has been written about the effective implementation of such partnerships.
While the main thrust behind the formation of CPOs has been occurring since 1994, there are
still no clear guidelines set regarding partner roles and responsibilities. The future viability
of CCPOs is predicated on the mutual accountability of both the community and the police.
Future steps could be taken to ensure the responsibility of both partners in this process:
1) a partnership agreement should be implemented between the community and the police to
clarify expectations and role contributions;
2) accountability measures should be in place to reflect partner expectations and roles;
3) the police, as public servants, should address the resource inequities which exist among
CCPOs;
4) the community should ensure CCPO programming is responsive to broad-based
community need; and
5) ongoing efforts should be made to enhance partner communication.
CCPOs have proven to be a vehicle of great promise. CCPOs are an interesting coproductive
blend of community self-help and police re-organization along community policing lines. By
first addressing their commitment to each other as partners, and attending to some of the
weaknesses in this present partnership configuration, a more effective partnership will result.
Such a partnership will better serve their mutual goals to enhance the safety and livability of
Vancouver neighbourhoods. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate
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789 |
Soldiers of the King: Vancouver’s interwar militia as a social institutionYuill, Ian David Campbell 11 1900 (has links)
The interwar militia in Vancouver is a poorly understood institution, partly because scholars have
come to associate the militia with militarism. However, the militia has important non-military functions
and the interwar militia regiments were more than social clubs. This thesis compared the activities of two
of Vancouver's militia regiments by examining their archival holdings to see if they had documentary
evidence to support the notion that they functioned as a proto-fraternal society during the interwar period.
The militia regiments functioned as fraternal associations providing mutual aid as well as congeniality. In
the immediate post World War One period and during the Great Depression, with successively lower
militia appropriations, militia regiments were forced out of necessity to come up with innovative ways to
recruit and keep men on strength. Service in the militia was voluntary with members turning their pay
back to the regiments to enable many of the militia regiments to function. The militia regiments held
suppers and dances, and paid transportation costs to get members out for parade nights. The militia also
played an integral role in the ceremonial life of the city. The ceremonial and symbolic values of militia
units on parade were accepted features of public ceremonies in the city. It reaffirmed Vancouver's
"Britishness." This thesis compares two of Vancouver's militia regiments during the interwar period, the
Seaforth Highlanders of Canada and the British Columbia Regiment. The ethnic affiliation of the
Seaforth Highlanders of Canada to the city's Scottish groups was a remarkable feature of Vancouver's
elite unit. The militia allowed ambitious and patriotic young men to follow a British aristocratic career
pattern: formal education at private schools, post-secondary training and military service. Militia
regiments were part of an active social network within Vancouver between the wars. They conferred
status, provided aid, and supported dominant values such as in Vancouver's society. This thesis provides
some insight into the functioning of these two regiments as fraternal organizations and how they
connected to the larger community. / Arts, Faculty of / History, Department of / Graduate
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790 |
Geology and geochronology of porphyry copper and molybdenum deposits in west-central British ColumbiaCarter, Nicholas Charles January 1974 (has links)
Porphyry copper and molybdenum deposits in west-central British Columbia are associated with plutons of Late Cretaceous and Tertiary age which intrude Mesozoic volcanic and sedimentary rocks of the Intermontane Tectonic Belt. The porphyry deposits are contained in an area bounded on the west by granitic rocks of the Coast Plutonic Complex, and on the east and southeast by a belt containing
Mesozoic granitic stocks and an extensive area of Tertiary volcanic rocks. The porphyry intrusions take the form of small stocks, plugs , dykes, and dyke swarms generally not exceeding 1 square mile in surface area. The intrusions are commonly multiple and range in composition from quartz diorite to granite. Copper and molybdenum sulphides occur as fracture fillings and as veinlet stockworks within and adjacent to the intrusive bodies. Sulphide and alteration minerals exhibit concentric zoning patterns. Volcanic and sedimentary rocks marginal to the intrusions are thermally metamorphosed to biotite hornfels. Results of potassium-argon dating indicate four crudely parallel north to northwest-trending belts of porphyry intrusions, each being distinctive in age, rock composition, and contained metallic mineralization. From west to east these include: (1) Alice Arm intrusions - 50 m.y. molybdenum-bearing quartz monzonite and granite intrusions; (2) Bulkley intrusions - 70 to 84 m.y. copper-molybdenum and molybdenum-bearing porphyries of granodiorite to quartz monzonite composition; (3) Nanika intrusions - 50 m.y. copper-molybdenum and molybdenum-bearing intrusions of quartz monzonite composition; (4) Babine intrusions - 50 m.y. copper-bearing intrusions of quartz diorite and granodiorite
composition.
Potassium-argon analyses were carried out mainly on biotite separates from the mineralized porphyry phases within the deposits. Dating of inter-mineral and post-mineral porphyry phases, common at many of the deposits, yielded ages equivalent to, or 2 to 3 m.y. younger than, the mineralized phases, indicating that the age of mineralization is essentially synchronous with the age of intrusion. Limits of analytical errors in these potassium-argon analyses are within 3 per cent of the calculated ages. The distribution of potasslum-argon ages for porphyry deposits in west-central British Columbia does not fit the plate tectonic theories proposed for the origin of similar deposits elsehwere in the Cordillera of North and South America, in which deposits are progressively younger in a given direction. Here, four crudely parallel belts of porphyry intrusions display a reversal in age from 50 m.y. to 70 - 84 m.y. to 50 m.y. in an eastward direction. This distribution of ages may have been caused by periodic movement from Late Jurassic to Tertiary time along a subduction zone beneath the Coast Plutonic Complex which forms the west border of the area containing the porphyry deposits. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate
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