Os percevejos de cama são insetos pertencentes a ordem Hemiptera e a família Cimicidae, com metamorfose hemimetábola, possuem comportamento antropofílico e exercem a hematofagia nas fases de ninfa e adulto, o que desperta interesse em saúde pública. O reaparecimento desta praga tem levado diversas pessoas a buscarem nas empresas especializadas uma forma de exercer o controle. O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar, no período de maio de 2013 a maio de 2015, as formas de controle e produtos utilizados, bem como o perfil das empresas especializadas no controle de vetores e pragas urbanas instaladas no Brasil. O estudo foi realizado por meio de uma enquete enviada a 2136 empresas brasileiras e questionário eletrônico enviado para as empresas. Foram encaminhadas 2136 cartas convites para participação. Como resultado foi obtido 158 enquetes respondidas e estas empresas foram então convidadas a responder um questionário com perguntas direcionadas ao controle de percevejos de cama. Apenas 13 questionários foram recebidos de empresas localizadas na região Sul, Sudeste, Centro-Oeste e Nordeste. A maioria das empresas que realiza o controle de percevejos de cama está na área de controle de pragas urbanas a mais de 21 anos e utiliza preferencialmente pesticidas para o controle dos insetos. Quase 50 por cento dos responsáveis técnicos dessas empresas não fizeram qualquer treinamento sobre controle de cimicídeos nos últimos dois anos e informações sobre o inseto e seu manejo não são passadas ao cliente. O baixo retorno dos questionários preenchidos nesta pesquisa pode ser devido ao pouco conhecimento que as empresas têm sobre o controle de percevejos de cama, o que pode tê-las inibido em fornecer informações. Desta maneira, informações técnicas e treinamentos sobre o controle de percevejos de cama se faz necessário, uma vez que o controle ainda está pautado na utilização de produtos químicos e que esta estratégia pode incorrer em riscos de intoxicação quando feita de maneira inadequada principalmente pela falta de capacitação dos responsáveis técnicos. / Bed bugs belong to the order Hemiptera and family Cimicidae with hemimetabolous metamorphosis; they show anthropophilic behavior and are hematophagous at nymph and adult stages, which causes interest in public health. The reappearance of this pest has led many people to seek for pest control companies to control it. This study aimed to identify, from May 2013 to May 2015, which are the control strategies and used products as well as the profile of the pest control companies in Brazil. The study was made through an electronic survey sent to 2136 Brazilian companies, One hundred and fifty eight companies answered the survey and were invited to fill in a questionnaire on bed bug control. Only 13 questionnaires were received from companies located in the South, Southeast, Midwest and Northeast regions of Brazil. Most companies that make bed bug control are in the area for more than 21 years and they use mainly pesticides to control the insects. Almost 50 per cent of the technical managers of these companies did not attend to any training on bed bug control in the last two years, and information on their management is not given to their clients. The few questionnaires received are probably due to the little knowledge that pest control companies have on bed bugs, which may have inhibited them to provide information. In this way, technical information and training on the bed bug control is necessary, since the control is still founded on the use of chemicals and that this strategy may incur intoxication risk when done improperly mainly by lack of training of technical experts.

hommagethis work is built upon and intended as an homage to the writingstyle of the author Jean Genet. this through post modernreference collage and pastiches of selected works from thequeer cultural heritage.Genets style could be described asa strikingly beautiful, yet morbid, corporeal world ofmasculinities. the dualism of disgustand the embrace of the decay of morality. / Program: Modedesignutbildningen

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / A doenÃa de Chagas à causada pelo parasito intracelular Trypanosoma cruzi e afeta em torno de 17 milhÃes de pessoas na AmÃrica Latina. A fase crÃnica da doenÃa caracteriza-se por baixo nÃvel de parasitemia e alto nÃvel de anticorpos Anti-T.cruzi e o diagnÃstico à feito preferencialmente utilizando-se mÃtodos sorolÃgicos, incluindo imunofluorescÃncia indireta (IFI), hemaglutinaÃÃo indireta (HAI) e imunoensaio enzimÃtico (ELISA). SÃo testes que apresentam alta sensibilidade, mas sofrem de baixa especificidade, e um variÃvel nÃmero de indivÃduos apresenta testes sorolÃgicos inconclusivos. Nos Ãltimos anos, muitos estudos tÃm usado a tecnologia da ReaÃÃo em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) para detectar sequÃncias de DNA de T. cruzi em sangue de pacientes chagÃsicos crÃnicos. A alta especificidade da PCR tem apontado para sua aplicaÃÃo como mÃtodo confirmatÃrio no diagnÃstico de pacientes com provas sorolÃgicas inconclusivas. O objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar uma anÃlise comparativa entre a PCR e os mÃtodos convencionais mais utilizados para o diagnÃstico - sorologia e xenodiagnÃstico, na detecÃÃo da infecÃÃo por T. cruzi, em indivÃduos com doenÃa de Chagas crÃnica. Sangue de 67 pacientes chagÃsicos crÃnicos, ambos os sexos, provenientes do ambulatÃrio de doenÃa de Chagas do Hospital UniversitÃrio Walter CantÃdio, da Universidade Federal do CearÃ, foram avaliados para T. cruzi, utilizando testes sorolÃgicos (IFI, HAI e ELISA), PCR-Multiplex e xenodiagnÃstico. AlÃm disso, foi avaliado tambÃm a PCR-Multiplex em dejetos de triatomÃneos provenientes do xenodiagnÃstico destes pacientes. De acordo com o resultado dos testes sorolÃgicos, os pacientes foram classificados em 3 grupos: 1Â. Sorologia positiva (quando 2 ou 3 resultados dentre os 3 testes sorolÃgicos foram positivos), 2Â. Sorologia inconclusiva ou indeterminado (apenas 2 resultados foram negativos) e 3Â. Sorologia negativa (quando os 3 resultados foram negativos). Dentre as 59 amostras com sorologia positiva foram obtidos 18 (30,5%) resultados positivos de PCR-Multiplex em sangue perifÃrico e 41 (69,5%) resultados negativos. Nos PCR-Multiplex em dejetos de triatomÃneos foram obtidos 20 (33,9%) resultados positivos e 39 (66,1%) resultados negativos. As 2 amostras com sorologia inconclusiva foram negativas na PCR-Multiplex, tanto em sangue perifÃrico como em dejetos de triatomÃneos. As amostras com sorologia negativa (n=6) apresentaram 2 resultados positivos (33,3%) na PCR-Multiplex em sangue e 4 resultados negativos (66,7%). Nos dejetos de triatomÃneos, as 6 amostras com sorologia negativa foram negativas na PCR-Multiplex. Estes resultados mostraram que o ensaio da PCR-Multiplex em amostras de sangue perifÃrico e em dejetos de triatomÃneos, empregando iniciadores para regiÃes diferentes, no caso, DNA nuclear e DNA do cinetoplasto, podem ser aplicados para o diagnÃstico da doenÃa de Chagas crÃnica (mesmo com diferentes metodologias de extraÃÃo de DNA total). Os dados mostraram tambÃm que a PCR-Multiplex em dejetos de triatomÃneos à mais sensÃvel que o ensaio do xenodiagnÃstico.

This thesis builds on the work of previous coleopteran-based climatic reconstructions to recreate the environment and climate of the last 20,000 14C years of northwest Europe using the data and methods available within the Bugs Coleopteran Ecology Package, and aims to assess the ability of the BugsCEP results to provide information regarding events and anthropogenic changes on environment during the Anthropocene. Samples and data from 134 sites across northwest Europe and the British Isles were included in this study. The Mutual Climatic Range method and the BugStats module based on habitat code classifications were used to create the climatic and environmental reconstructions respectively, the results of which are provided in eight isotherm maps for 14.5-9 14C years BP and 2 EcoFigure graphs for 20,000 14C to present. While the results of some isotherm maps align with the changes described in previous studies, other climate trends are muted within these results. Likewise, some previously recognized environmental shifts in Europe are visible, whereas other major events are not distinguishable within the environmental record. An assessment of the environmental reconstruction results finds that though there is not sufficient material to support any proposed Anthropocene start dates, effects of anthropogenic influence upon the environment may be visible starting within the last 2,000 14C years; the results also show some support for the Vera Hypothesis.

Taxonomic changes are made based on checkered beetle (Coleoptera: Cleridae) types of the Natural History Museum, London (BMNH).Lectotypes are designated (and holotypes and paralectotypes recognized) for 44 species of Hydnocerinae, including the type species for Isolemidia, Parmius, Paupris, Allelidea, Blaesiopthalmus and Lemidia, four species of Enoclerus (Clerinae), and 14 species of Cymatodera (Tillinae). Annotations include comments on additional type material, new type locality, previous (type series) locality, and questionable or missing types. Phyllobaenus pallipes(Gorham) and P. rufithorax (Gorham) are synonymized with P. flavifemoratus(Gorham), P. chapini (Wolcott) is synonymized under P. lateralis (Gorham), and P. villosus (Schenkling) is synonymized under P. longus (LeConte), new synonymies. The first molecular phylogeny of the clerid lineage (Coleoptera: Cleridae, Thanerocleridae) is presented and compared with the two most recent phylogenetic hypotheses of the group. Phylogenetic relationships of checkered beetles wareere inferred from approximately 5,000 nucleotides amplified from four loci (28S, 16S, 12S, COI). A worldwide sample of ~70 genera is included and phylogenies are reconstructed using Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood. The results are not entirely congruent with either of the current classification systems. Three major lineages are recognized. Tillinae are supported as the sister group to all other subfamilies, whereas Thaneroclerinae, Korynetinae sensu latu and a new subfamily formally described here, Epiclininae, new subfamily, form a sister group to Clerinae + Hydnocerinae. To assess the phylogeny and evolution of Hemiptera, a comprehensive mitogenomic analysis integrating mitogenome-based molecular phylogenetics, fossil-calibrated divergence dating (using BEAST), and ancestral state reconstructions are presented. The 81 sampled mitogenomes represent the most extensive mitogenomic analyses of Hemiptera to date. The putatively primitive “Homoptera” was previously rendered paraphyletic by Heteroptera, whereas the presented results support each group as monophyletic. The results from both diet and habitat ancestral state reconstructions support that 1) Heteroptera (and Homoptera) evolved from a phytophagous ancestor, contrary to the popular hypothesis that the ancestor was predaceous; and 2) family-level radiation of Heteroptera is coincident with the apically-produced labium and the novel hemelytron. It is here proposed these morphological innovations facilitated multiple independent shifts from phytophagy to predation and multiple independent colonizations of aquatic habitats.

Šiame darbe pateiktas vabalų įvairovės tyrimas, kuris buvo vykdytas Ylių kaime (Raseinių rajone, Nemakščių seniūnijoje), mišriame miške. Darbo tikslas buvo nustatyti Ylių kaimo miško paklotėje aptinkamų vabalų įvairovę ir rūšių santykinį gausumą, o darbo uždaviniai, įvertinti miško paklotėje gyvenančių vabalų rūšių įvairovę, santykinį gausumą, nustatyti, kokiuose biotopuose kokios rūšys aptinkamos ir patikrinti ar vabalų aktyvumas priklauso nuo meteorologinių veiksnių. / In this final thesis we present the research of bugs’ diversity, which was performed in mixed forest in Yliai village (region of Raseiniai, Nemakščiai township). The purpose of the work was to estimate the diversity and comparative richness of bugs species, living in forest’s litter of Yliai village, and the main tasks of the work were to evaluate the diversity types, relationship and comparative richness of bugs and in what biotopes what species of bugs actually live and to check whether bugs activity depends on metrological factors.

Developing high quality software is of eminent importance to keep the existing customers satisfied and to remain competitive. One of the most important software quality characteristics is performance, which defines how fast and/or efficiently a software can perform its operation. While several studies have shown that field problems are often due to performance issues instead of feature bugs, prior research typically treats all bugs as similar when studying various aspects of software quality (e.g., predicting the time to fix a bug) or focused on other types of bug (e.g., security bugs). There is little work that studies performance bugs. In this thesis, we perform an empirical study to quantitatively and qualitatively examine performance bugs in the Mozilla Firefox and Google Chrome web browser projects in order to find out if performance bugs are really different from other bugs in practice and to understand the rationale behind those differences. In our quantitative study, we find that performance bugs of the Firefox project take longer time to fix, are fixed by more experienced developers, and require changes to more lines of code. We also study performance bugs relative to security bugs, since security bugs have been extensively studied separately in the past. We find that security bugs are re-opened and tossed more often, are fixed and triaged faster, are fixed by more experienced developers, and are assigned more number of developers in the Firefox project. Google Chrome project also shows different quantitative characteristics between performance and non-performance bugs and from the Firefox project. Based on our quantitative results, we look at that data from a qualitative point of view. As one of our most interesting observation, we find that end-users are often frustrated with performance problems and often threaten to switch to competing software products. To better understand, the rationale for some users being very frustrated (even threatening to switch product) even though most systems are well tested, we performed an additional study. In this final study, we explore a global perspective vs a user centric perspective of analyzing performance data. We find that a user-centric perspective might lead to a small number of users with considerably poor performance while the global perspective might show good or same performance across releases. The results of our studies show that performance bugs are different and should be studied separately in large scale software systems to improve the quality assurance processes related to software performance. / Thesis (Master, Computing) -- Queen's University, 2012-04-30 01:28:22.623

Bed bugs are making a large international comeback. While people from all economic and social backgrounds can experience a bed bug infestation, the social impacts on the lives of low-income people are potentially far greater given the condition of their living accommodations as well as the financial costs associated with dealing with an infestation. Utilizing the Community Economic Development and Social Determinants of Health approaches, this thesis argues that the experience of a bed bug infestation poses a significant threat to inner-city residents—economically, socially, and in terms of human health. Interviews with 16 inner-city residents, 2 landlords, 1 property manager, 2 By-Law Enforcement Officers, and 5 representatives of inner-city agencies in Winnipeg are drawn upon in developing this argument. In addition, relevant policy documents and other secondary sources are utilized to assess the effectiveness of policies and practices in place to respond to this issue and to offer a more comprehensive approach for responding to the social impacts of bed bugs in the city of Winnipeg.

Bed bugs are making a large international comeback. While people from all economic and social backgrounds can experience a bed bug infestation, the social impacts on the lives of low-income people are potentially far greater given the condition of their living accommodations as well as the financial costs associated with dealing with an infestation. Utilizing the Community Economic Development and Social Determinants of Health approaches, this thesis argues that the experience of a bed bug infestation poses a significant threat to inner-city residents—economically, socially, and in terms of human health. Interviews with 16 inner-city residents, 2 landlords, 1 property manager, 2 By-Law Enforcement Officers, and 5 representatives of inner-city agencies in Winnipeg are drawn upon in developing this argument. In addition, relevant policy documents and other secondary sources are utilized to assess the effectiveness of policies and practices in place to respond to this issue and to offer a more comprehensive approach for responding to the social impacts of bed bugs in the city of Winnipeg.

Multicore and Internet cloud systems have been widely adopted in recent years and have resulted in the increased development of concurrent programs. However, concurrency bugs are still difficult to test and debug for at least two reasons. Concurrent programs have large interleaving space, and concurrency bugs involve complex interactions among multiple threads. Existing testing solutions for concurrency bugs have focused on exposing concurrency bugs in the large interleaving space, but they often do not provide debugging information for developers to understand the bugs. To address the problem, this thesis proposes techniques that help developers in debugging concurrency bugs, particularly for locating the root causes and for understanding them, and presents a set of empirical user studies that evaluates the techniques. First, this thesis introduces a dynamic fault-localization technique, called Falcon, that locates single-variable concurrency bugs as memory-access patterns. Falcon uses dynamic pattern detection and statistical fault localization to report a ranked list of memory-access patterns for root causes of concurrency bugs. The overall Falcon approach is effective: in an empirical evaluation, we show that Falcon ranks program fragments corresponding to the root-cause of the concurrency bug as "most suspicious" almost always. In principle, such a ranking can save a developer's time by allowing him or her to quickly hone in on the problematic code, rather than having to sort through many reports. Others have shown that single- and multi-variable bugs cover a high fraction of all concurrency bugs that have been documented in a variety of major open-source packages; thus, being able to detect both is important. Because Falcon is limited to detecting single-variable bugs, we extend the Falcon technique to handle both single-variable and multi-variable bugs, using a unified technique, called Unicorn. Unicorn uses online memory monitoring and offline memory pattern combination to handle multi-variable concurrency bugs. The overall Unicorn approach is effective in ranking memory-access patterns for single- and multi-variable concurrency bugs. To further assist developers in understanding concurrency bugs, this thesis presents a fault-explanation technique, called Griffin, that provides more context of the root cause than Unicorn. Griffin reconstructs the root cause of the concurrency bugs by grouping suspicious memory accesses, finding suspicious method locations, and presenting calling stacks along with the buggy interleavings. By providing additional context, the overall Griffin approach can provide more information at a higher-level to the developer, allowing him or her to more readily diagnose complex bugs that may cross file or module boundaries. Finally, this thesis presents a set of empirical user studies that investigates the effectiveness of the presented techniques. In particular, the studies compare the effectiveness between a state-of-the-art debugging technique and our debugging techniques, Unicorn and Griffin. Among our findings, the user study shows that while the techniques are indistinguishable when the fault is relatively simple, Griffin is most effective for more complex faults. This observation further suggests that there may be a need for a spectrum of tools or interfaces that depend on the complexity of the underlying fault or even the background of the user.