Advances in mobile and pervasive computing, electronics technology, and the exponential growth in Internet of Things (IoT) applications and services has led to Building Automation System (BAS) that enhanced the buildings we live by delivering more energy-saving, intelligent, comfortable, and better utilization. Through the use of integrated protocols, a BAS can interconnects a wide range of building assets so that the control and management of asset operations and their services can be performed in one protocol. Moreover, through the use of distributed computing and IP based communication, a BAS can implement remote monitor and control in adaptive and real-time manner. However, the use of IoT and distributed computing techniques in BAS are leading to challenges to secure and protect information and services due to the significant increase in the attack surface and the inherent vulnerabilities of BAS integrated protocols. Since there is no intrusion detection and prevention available for BAS network, proposing a reliable security mechanism which can monitor the behavior of BAS assets becomes a major design issue. Anomaly Based Intrusion Detection is a security mechanism that uses baseline model to describe the normal behaviors of a system, so that malicious behaviors occurred in a system can be detected by comparing the observed behavior to the baseline model. With its ability of detecting novel and new attacks, Anomaly based Behavior Analysis (ABA) has been actively pursued by researchers for designing Intrusion Detection Systems. Since the information acquired from a BAS system can be from a variety of sources (e.g. sensors, network protocols, temporal and spatial information), the traditional ABA methodology which merely focuses on analyzing the behavior of communication protocols will not be effective in protecting BAS networks. In this dissertation we aim at developing a general methodology named Context Aware Anomaly based Behavior Analysis (CAABA) which combines Context Awareness technique with Anomaly based Behavior Analysis in order to detect any type of anomaly behaviors occurred in Building Automation Systems. Context Awareness is a technique which is widely used in pervasive computing and it aims at gathering information about a system's environment so it can accurately characterize the current operational context of the BAS network and its services. The CAABA methodology can be used to protect a variety of BAS networks in a sustainable and reliable way. To handle the heterogeneous BAS information, we developed a novel Context Aware Data Structure to represent the information acquired from the sensors and resources during execution of the BAS system which can explicitly describe the system's behavior. By performing Anomaly based Behavior Analysis over the set of context arrays using either data mining algorithm or statistical functions, the BAS baseline models are generated. To validate our methodology, we have applied it to two different building application scenarios: a smart building system which is usually implemented in industrial and commercial office buildings and a smart home system which is implemented in residential buildings, where we have achieved good detection results with low detection errors.

The automation of buildings mainly in the large and office buildings is very discussed issue in nowadays time. The advantages of automated buildings fundamentally consist in the lowering of the operation costs, more safety and the protection of property. The building can be monitored and controlled towards the proceeding processes and states. It is able to use local or remote monitoring and controlling. More comfortable controlling is next important factor. This thesis describes European installation bus EIB and its communication with visualization a control system called Control Web. Control Web communicates with the electronic security system Galaxy for complete monitoring of the whole building. The complex system ensues by the mutual link of these technologies. It is possible to lower effectively the total costs for the business among other things. The result of this project is the developed application in the system Control Web 6, which is used in the building of the company ATX, ltd. in Žďár nad Sázavou. The Visualization is targeted in the two dimensional view and 3D view, which is used very often today. Web representation is used as well because web browser is part of the every operating system. The integral part of visualization is process automatic control.

This master’s thesis extends the teaching possibilities of the course “Building automation” in two areas. The first area is the visualization of KNX educational panel, which is made through iRidium software package in several variants. The second area is the design and manufacture of the educational switch panel with different types of switches, in which students can simply try wiring, which are commonly used mainly in civil engineering. Part of the second area is the creation of several teaching tasks.

Avancerad fastighetsautomation intog marknaden under 2000-talets första år. Visionen var att skapa smarta byggnader där fastighetsövervakning, klimatstyrning och belysning sammankopplades mot en central huvuddator för att eliminera manuell styrning. Syftet med examensarbetet är att undersöka funktionalitet och reell brukbarhet hos ett av de första installationsobjekten, PostNords huvudkontor. Rapporten presenterar fastighetens övergripande funktioner samt analyserar hur systemstyrningen kan optimeras för bättre lönsamhet respektive komfort. Exemplifieringen påvisar generella risker och potential med avancerade styrsystem i förvaltningsskedet. Arbetet har begränsat sig till fastighetens kontorsytor som stället högst krav på inomhusklimat och användarvänlighet. För att nå uppsatt mål har litteraturstudier, intervjuer, egna observationer samt en genomgång av fastighetsdokumentation genomförts. Resultatet visar att den höga teknikgraden gjort förvaltarna beroende av inhyrd spetskompetens. Det avancerade språket har försvårat kommunikationen mellan parterna vilket begränsat möjligheten att optimera systemet. Förbättring av inomhusklimat och energiprestanda kan först ske när man förstår en helhet. Förvaltarna borde tillsätta en samlad kartläggning av hela systemet istället för att experimentera med ytterligare ny teknik. / Advanced building automation reached the market in the early 2000s. The vision was to create smart buildings where property surveillance, climate control and lightning where to be linked through a main computer to eliminate manual control. The purpose with this thesis is to investigate the functionality and real serviceability of one of the first objects of installation, the PostNord headquarters. This thesis presents the overall features of the real estate and also analyses how the control system can be optimized for higher profitability and comfort. The exemplification shows general risks and potential with advanced control systems in real estate management. This work is limited to the real estates office spaces that demand the highest standards of indoor environment and convenience. To reach set goal, studies of literature, interviews, observations and reviews of property documentation have been executed. The result shows that a high level of technical complexity has made the property managers dependent on hiring expert consultants. The advanced use of language has made the communication between the parts difficult, which has limited the opportunity to optimize the system. Improvement of indoor climate and energy efficiency can only be reached when the entire case is grasped. The real estate managers should start a complete mapping of the system instead of experimenting with additional technology.

Ungefär 60 % av den totala energianvändningen för uppvärmning (inklusive varmvatten) i Sverige går åt till att värma upp flerbostäder och lokaler, vilket ger en indikation på att det finns potential att minska energianvändningen ytterligare genom att hitta alternativa metoder för styr- och reglering av befintliga värmesystem. En viktig faktor oberoende av vilken metod som används är att veta byggnadens dynamiska egenskaper. Det finns en rad olika metoder på marknaden för att kunna minska energianvändningen och en del av dem är välbeprövande medan andra fortfarande är på forskningsnivå. Den beprövade metoden är prognosstyrning vilket också utvärderades vidare i examensarbetet genom en studie av tidigare utförda arbeten inom området. En gemensam och viktig faktor för att kunna spara energi för uppvärmning i byggnader är att veta byggnadens tidskonstant, även kallad värmetröghet. För att påvisa dess betydelse utfördes simuleringar i ett program som heter TEKNOsim som är utvecklat av Chalmers tekniska högskola. Resultatet från simuleringarna som utfördes för 6 olika scenarier visade att den stora faktorn som påverkade byggnaden var internvärmen från belysning, apparater och personer. En yttre påverkande faktor som också hade betydelse var solavskärmning för fönsterna vilket gav en jämnare rumstemperatur. Då simuleringarna anpassades till två olika driftfall för ventilationssystemet till ”kontorstid” och ”utanför kontorstid” höll sig rumstemperaturen inom ramen för högsta och lägsta temperatur under tiden då kontoret var bemannat. En annan metod som användes var en litteraturstudie för arbeten inom området prognosstyrning. För de arbeten som valdes ut undersöktes två olika leverantörer som är marknadsledande i Sverige, eGain och Kabona. I snitt visade resultaten en besparing på 10–15% för uppvärmningskostnaderna men den individuella spridningen för eGains prognosstyrning var stor. Vissa fastigheter hade ingen besparing alls medan andra hade en besparing på 26%. Den stora spridningen berodde antagligen på att det nya systemet endast varit igång i 6 månader då studiens utfördes, vilket är för kort tid för att få några tillförlitliga resultat. För Kabonas tjänst Ecopilot var resultaten mer jämna.

Cette thèse aborde la performance du protocole KNX-RF utilisé dans les applications domotiques en termes de robustesse Radio Fréquences dans un environnement multi-protocoles potentiellement sujet aux interférences. Dans ces travaux, le but est d’évaluer les problématiques d’interférences rencontrées par KNX-RF en utilisant des modèles de simulation qui permettraient d’augmenter à sa fiabilité radio. Ainsi, un premier modèle a été développé sur MATLAB/Simulink et a permis de connaître les performances et les limitations de ce protocole au niveau de la couche physique dans un scénario d’interférence se produisant à l’intérieur d’une box/gateway domotique multi-protocoles. Ces simulations ont été complétées par des essais expérimentaux sur le terrain qui ont permis de vérifier les résultats obtenus. Un deuxième modèle a été développé pour évaluer les mécanismes de la couche MAC, cette fois-ci, grâce au simulateur OMNet++/MiXiM. Ce modèle reprend tous les mécanismes d’accès au canal et d’agilité en fréquence spécifiés par la norme KNX. Un scénario de collisions de trames a été simulé et plusieurs propositions d’améliorations sont discutées dans ce manuscrit. Les modèles développés permettent d’analyser et de prédire en avance de phase le comportement de KNX-RF dans un environnement radio contraignant. / This thesis addresses the performance of the KNX-RF protocol used for home automation applications in terms of radiofrequency robustness in a multi-protocol environment that is potentially subject to interferences. In this work, the aim is to assess the interference problems encountered by KNX-RF using simulation models that would increase its RF reliability. Thus, a first model was developed on MATLAB / Simulink and allowed to investigate the performance and limitations of this protocol at its physical layer in an interference scenario occurring inside a multiprotocol home and building automation box/gateway. These simulations were followed by field experimental tests in an indoor environment (house) to verify the results. A second model was developed to evaluate the MAC layer mechanisms of KNX-RF through the discrete event simulator OMNeT ++/Mixim. This model includes all the mechanisms of channel access and frequency agility specified by KNX-RF standard. A frame collision scenario was simulated and several improvement proposals are discussed in this manuscript. The developed models can be used to analyze and predict in advance phase the behavior of KNX-RF in a radio-constrained environment.

Este trabalho faz um levantamento dos Sistemas de Iluminação Automáticos (SIA) utilizados atualmente, das tecnologias empregadas e das linhas de pesquisas que vêm surgindo neste tema. É analisada também a relação dos sistemas de controle distribuído (SCD) com os SIA e com a automação predial. Um estudo de caso de um SIA que utiliza um SCD como plataforma tecnológica também é analisado. Ao final da dissertação, propõe-se uma tese, fruto das análises feitas durante este trabalho, que visa aumentar a modularidade, a flexibilidade e a interoperabilidade dos sistemas de automação predial baseados em SCD. Durante a dissertação são descritas: as características da luz; a relação entre a luz e o ser humano; os principais componentes de um SIA; as características básicas de um SCD; e a tecnologia Lonworks. / This work describes the Illumination Automatic Systems (IAS) used nowadays, the used technologies and the research lines that arise in this knowledge area. It\'s also analyzed the relation between Distributed Control Systems (DCS), IAS and building automation. A case study is done with a system that uses IAS and DCS. In the end of this work, it\'s suggested a thesis, result of analyses done during this work, with the objective of increasing the modularity, flexibility and interoperability of buildings automation systems based on DCS technologies. During this dissertation is described: the light characteristics; the relation between light and the human being; the main components of IAS; the characteristics of a DCS; and the Lonworks technology.

Este trabalho faz um levantamento dos Sistemas de Iluminação Automáticos (SIA) utilizados atualmente, das tecnologias empregadas e das linhas de pesquisas que vêm surgindo neste tema. É analisada também a relação dos sistemas de controle distribuído (SCD) com os SIA e com a automação predial. Um estudo de caso de um SIA que utiliza um SCD como plataforma tecnológica também é analisado. Ao final da dissertação, propõe-se uma tese, fruto das análises feitas durante este trabalho, que visa aumentar a modularidade, a flexibilidade e a interoperabilidade dos sistemas de automação predial baseados em SCD. Durante a dissertação são descritas: as características da luz; a relação entre a luz e o ser humano; os principais componentes de um SIA; as características básicas de um SCD; e a tecnologia Lonworks. / This work describes the Illumination Automatic Systems (IAS) used nowadays, the used technologies and the research lines that arise in this knowledge area. It\'s also analyzed the relation between Distributed Control Systems (DCS), IAS and building automation. A case study is done with a system that uses IAS and DCS. In the end of this work, it\'s suggested a thesis, result of analyses done during this work, with the objective of increasing the modularity, flexibility and interoperability of buildings automation systems based on DCS technologies. During this dissertation is described: the light characteristics; the relation between light and the human being; the main components of IAS; the characteristics of a DCS; and the Lonworks technology.

Esta tese propõe uma arquitetura de software neuro-reativa para sistemas de automação do ambiente construído. O objetivo é facilitar o desenvolvimento, a manutenção e a expansão desses sistemas, através de três requisitos norteadores: modularidade, flexibilidade e capacidade de integração das partes. Um modelo baseado em unidades chamadas de \"neurônios\" e de \"glândulas\" é proposto. Esses elementos fundamentais têm características reativas e podem ser combinados formando diferentes sistemas de automação. Uma versão da arquitetura proposta é programada na linguagem Java utilizando tecnologias como CORBA e MySQL. Por fim, uma casa fictícia é utilizada como exemplo para demonstrar a aplicação da arquitetura proposta. / This thesis presents a neuro-reactive software architecture applied to building automation systems. The objective is to make development, maintenance and ex-pansion of these systems easier through three main requirements: modularity, flex-ibility and parts integration capability. A model with units called neurons and glands is proposed. These fundamental elements have reactive characteristics and are combined to constitute automation systems. A version of proposed architecture is programmed in Java language using technologies like CORBA and MySQL. In the end, a fictitious home automation system is used as example.

Esta tese propõe uma arquitetura de software neuro-reativa para sistemas de automação do ambiente construído. O objetivo é facilitar o desenvolvimento, a manutenção e a expansão desses sistemas, através de três requisitos norteadores: modularidade, flexibilidade e capacidade de integração das partes. Um modelo baseado em unidades chamadas de \"neurônios\" e de \"glândulas\" é proposto. Esses elementos fundamentais têm características reativas e podem ser combinados formando diferentes sistemas de automação. Uma versão da arquitetura proposta é programada na linguagem Java utilizando tecnologias como CORBA e MySQL. Por fim, uma casa fictícia é utilizada como exemplo para demonstrar a aplicação da arquitetura proposta. / This thesis presents a neuro-reactive software architecture applied to building automation systems. The objective is to make development, maintenance and ex-pansion of these systems easier through three main requirements: modularity, flex-ibility and parts integration capability. A model with units called neurons and glands is proposed. These fundamental elements have reactive characteristics and are combined to constitute automation systems. A version of proposed architecture is programmed in Java language using technologies like CORBA and MySQL. In the end, a fictitious home automation system is used as example.