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Conflict in the great lakes region of Africa : the Burundi experience, 1993-2000Check, Nicasius Achu 31 January 2005 (has links)
Burundi became a German protectorate in August 1884. Prior to the establishment of a protectorate, the territory was ruled by Mwamis (kings) who exercised a kind of quasi-divine system of administration. Conflictual relations were quickly dealt with within this complex structure. During the German and later Belgian colonial administrations, these political structures were redefined and a social class structure based on wealth was created. Forced class division became entrenched in the social fabric of Burundian society and the hierarchical system became even more prominent at independence in July 1962. Successive post-colonial regimes have failed to bridge the social gap. The International Community, through initiatives by the United Nations, the Africa Union, Jimmy Carter, Julius Nyerere and Nelson Mandela have attempted to resolve the political impasse. The dissertation is an attempt to reconstruct the causes of the various crises since 1962 and to reassess whether the various facilitators has succeeded in their tasks. / History / M.A.
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Politicization of identities, negotiations and transition in a conflict society : the ethics of a genocide-free BurundiAphane, Musawenkosi N. January 2000 (has links)
No abstract available in dissertation / Politicisation of identities, negotiations and transition in a conflict society / Ethics of a genocide-free Burundi / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M.A. (Philosophy)
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The Evangelical Church of Central Africa facing socio-ethnic problems: missiological perspectives from the Republic of BurundiHarimenshi, Privat-Biber 06 1900 (has links)
Since independence, Burundi has lost over a million of its inhabitants to ethnic conflict. Political collaboration is divided along ethnic lines and this has destroyed the ethnic solidarity and good social relationships that characterized the pre-colonial period.
Ideally, the mission of the Evangelical Church of Central Africa (ECCA) when faced with Burundi’s tragic and successive socio-ethnic wars should have been to promote peace, social justice, ethnic cohabitation, national reconciliation, respect for human rights, national reconstruction and to denounce all harm and discrimination against the human being.
The ECCA has a sacred mission to announce the gospel to all humanity and to assist the people towards the positive socio-economic and political transformation of Burundi.
This study will be of help to missiological scholars and to the church so that it may better carry out its prophetic mission according to God’s vision and with the purpose of positively transforming Burundian society. / Christian Spritituality, Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (Missiology)
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When a minority rules over a hostile majority : theory and comparisonHaklai, Oded 05 1900 (has links)
With few exceptions, not enough attention has been paid to the phenomenon of
ethnic minority rule over hostile majorities in the studies of ethnic conflict. This thesis
attempts to account for the ability of ethnic minorities to rule over hostile majorities for
continuous periods of time, and to devise a theory for the study of this phenomenon by
comparing three cases: the Alawis in Syria, the Tutsis in Burundi and the Sunni Muslim
minority in Iraq.
The major argument of the thesis is that the phenomenon in question does not
occur randomly. There are certain conditions that motivate an ethnic minority to seek
political power, and to be able to attain it and maintain continuous rule despite the
hostility of the majority. Naturally, each case has its particular characteristics, yet
common patterns underlying minority rule over hostile majorities can be found, and an
analytical framework can bJe devised.
The examination of the three cases leads to the conclusion that minority rule has
to be explained by examining how the identities of the minority and majority were
formed, how they have been shaped throughout the history of interaction between the two
groups, and how they have influenced the relationship between the groups. There is also a
need to study how political entrepreneurs manipulate traditional markers and modern
issues for instrumental gains. On this basis, it is possible to understand the political
salience of the identities, the level of hostility and the reasons why the minorities seek
political power. Attaining it or retaining it, and maintaining it for a continuous period of
time is dependent on an authoritarian government structure, which includes,
indispensably, considerable army involvement in politics. Persistent minority rule is also dependent on its ability to legitimize itself, primarily by creating a unified identity.
Success in forming such a unified identity implies a decrease in the saliency of elements
of identity that' distinguish between the groups, and ultimately a decrease in the level
hostility. This allows the minority rule to persist. If, however, this "unified identity" does
not have the desired outcome of mollifying the majority, the ruling minority can, and
will, use its military monopoly of coercive power to subdue internal opposition.
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Conflict in the great lakes region of Africa : the Burundi experience, 1993-2000Check, Nicasius Achu 31 January 2005 (has links)
Burundi became a German protectorate in August 1884. Prior to the establishment of a protectorate, the territory was ruled by Mwamis (kings) who exercised a kind of quasi-divine system of administration. Conflictual relations were quickly dealt with within this complex structure. During the German and later Belgian colonial administrations, these political structures were redefined and a social class structure based on wealth was created. Forced class division became entrenched in the social fabric of Burundian society and the hierarchical system became even more prominent at independence in July 1962. Successive post-colonial regimes have failed to bridge the social gap. The International Community, through initiatives by the United Nations, the Africa Union, Jimmy Carter, Julius Nyerere and Nelson Mandela have attempted to resolve the political impasse. The dissertation is an attempt to reconstruct the causes of the various crises since 1962 and to reassess whether the various facilitators has succeeded in their tasks. / History / M.A.
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Politicization of identities, negotiations and transition in a conflict society : the ethics of a genocide-free BurundiAphane, Musawenkosi N. January 2000 (has links)
No abstract available in dissertation / Politicisation of identities, negotiations and transition in a conflict society / Ethics of a genocide-free Burundi / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M.A. (Philosophy)
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The Evangelical Church of Central Africa facing socio-ethnic problems: missiological perspectives from the Republic of BurundiHarimenshi, Privat-Biber 06 1900 (has links)
Since independence, Burundi has lost over a million of its inhabitants to ethnic conflict. Political collaboration is divided along ethnic lines and this has destroyed the ethnic solidarity and good social relationships that characterized the pre-colonial period.
Ideally, the mission of the Evangelical Church of Central Africa (ECCA) when faced with Burundi’s tragic and successive socio-ethnic wars should have been to promote peace, social justice, ethnic cohabitation, national reconciliation, respect for human rights, national reconstruction and to denounce all harm and discrimination against the human being.
The ECCA has a sacred mission to announce the gospel to all humanity and to assist the people towards the positive socio-economic and political transformation of Burundi.
This study will be of help to missiological scholars and to the church so that it may better carry out its prophetic mission according to God’s vision and with the purpose of positively transforming Burundian society. / Christian Spritituality, Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (Missiology)
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When a minority rules over a hostile majority : theory and comparisonHaklai, Oded 05 1900 (has links)
With few exceptions, not enough attention has been paid to the phenomenon of
ethnic minority rule over hostile majorities in the studies of ethnic conflict. This thesis
attempts to account for the ability of ethnic minorities to rule over hostile majorities for
continuous periods of time, and to devise a theory for the study of this phenomenon by
comparing three cases: the Alawis in Syria, the Tutsis in Burundi and the Sunni Muslim
minority in Iraq.
The major argument of the thesis is that the phenomenon in question does not
occur randomly. There are certain conditions that motivate an ethnic minority to seek
political power, and to be able to attain it and maintain continuous rule despite the
hostility of the majority. Naturally, each case has its particular characteristics, yet
common patterns underlying minority rule over hostile majorities can be found, and an
analytical framework can bJe devised.
The examination of the three cases leads to the conclusion that minority rule has
to be explained by examining how the identities of the minority and majority were
formed, how they have been shaped throughout the history of interaction between the two
groups, and how they have influenced the relationship between the groups. There is also a
need to study how political entrepreneurs manipulate traditional markers and modern
issues for instrumental gains. On this basis, it is possible to understand the political
salience of the identities, the level of hostility and the reasons why the minorities seek
political power. Attaining it or retaining it, and maintaining it for a continuous period of
time is dependent on an authoritarian government structure, which includes,
indispensably, considerable army involvement in politics. Persistent minority rule is also dependent on its ability to legitimize itself, primarily by creating a unified identity.
Success in forming such a unified identity implies a decrease in the saliency of elements
of identity that' distinguish between the groups, and ultimately a decrease in the level
hostility. This allows the minority rule to persist. If, however, this "unified identity" does
not have the desired outcome of mollifying the majority, the ruling minority can, and
will, use its military monopoly of coercive power to subdue internal opposition. / Arts, Faculty of / Political Science, Department of / Graduate
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