受到全球化的影響，人類的生活環境和模式與過往出現了很大的不同，國與國之間無論是文化、經濟、資源的交流方便且頻繁。在商場上，企業要面對的不再只是國內的競爭對手，而是來自全球各地的挑戰。彼此的競爭和合作不再受時空條件限制，規模也不可同日而語。對此，企業要擁有能夠幫助自己建立優勢地位的關鍵性資源，打造出自己的核心競爭能力和差異性，才能脫穎而出，而「品牌」是當前產、官、學界公認有力的武器之一，是企業重要的無形資產。 　　代工製造利潤式微，兩岸目前在整體產業環境和政府政策上，都出現產業轉型、建立自有品牌、打造國際品牌的產業升級意識，但品牌自創難度和成本極高，是一段漫長且有風險的道路。加上亞洲國家在品牌行銷能力上相對較弱，以及國際對亞洲國家的刻板印象等劣勢因素，亦不利兩岸自創之本土品牌的建立與國際推廣。故近幾年，向外併購歐美知名品牌逐漸形成趨勢。 　　本研究試圖觀察以併購作為經營發展策略的兩岸企業，在併購活動中所帶有的品牌佈局策略性思維，探討以品牌資產之取得作為併購動機與標的。並以個案研究方式，選擇「安邦保險收購紐約華爾道夫酒店」與「晶華酒店併購麗晶品牌」進行個案分析，從中瞭解併購後如何整合運用該品牌資產，讓品牌權益得以發揮並提升主併企業之核心競爭力，幫助主併企業立足全球市場、永續經營。最後根據分析結果，給予企業關於品牌併購及品牌經營的相關建議。 　　研究顯示，被併購標的的品牌權益確實會成為主併企業的優勢競爭資源，甚至帶動主併企業本身價值和企業品牌之權益增值。而要收併購綜效，最重要的是必須擁有與經營核心目標相符的品牌策略，並以此帶領整個品牌併購活動的規畫到執行，才能借力使力獲得市場力量。同時，也建議有意發展品牌之企業，除了有品牌專責經營團隊，也要將品牌策略傳遞組織各部門，落實到產品或服務提供的每個環節，以打造成功而強勢的品牌。

Cette thèse de doctorat se veut comme objectif d’analyser les rapports qui lient l’infrastructure aéroportuaire à son environnement. Elle s’appuie sur l’exemple des aéroports de Dakar et de Diass au Sénégal. Le travail se réfère à deux niveaux. D’abord une étude de la zone aéroportuaire de Dakar-Yoff qui montre comment l’infrastructure a contribué à l’émergence de la métropole internationale. Les communes limitrophes de l’aéroport (Yoff, Ouakam et Ngor), situées dans l’arrondissement des Almadies, ont vu leur territoire évoluer physiquement et économiquement depuis son installation dans la banlieue nord-ouest de Dakar. L’analyse des cartes géographiques, depuis les années 1940 jusqu’à nos jours, témoigne d’une réelle dynamique spatiale dans cette partie de la région de Dakar. En partant des caractéristiques de l’aéroport et des dynamiques économiques et urbaines qui ont accompagné son évolution, l’analyse révèlera que la non maitrise de l’urbanisation à ses abords et le mépris des réglementations conduiront à des problèmes multiples et par conséquent à la décision de l’état du Sénégal de transférer l’équipement sur un nouveau site, à une quarantaine de kilomètres de Dakar. La construction de la nouvelle plateforme et les différents projets qui y sont associés placent les nouvelles communes d’accueil, Diass et Keur Moussa, situées en zones rurales, au centre des enjeux politiques et économiques du pays et affectent leur développement futur. L’émergence de l’aéroport comme acteur du développement économique et territorial, en particulier pour les territoires environnants, montre les liens qui peuvent exister entre l’infrastructure aéroportuaire et son environnement. Ces liens se traduisent par plusieurs aspects visibles qui sont discutés dans cette contribution. / This doctoral thesis aims to analyze the relationships that link the airport infrastructure to its environment. It is based on the example of Dakar and Diass airports in Senegal. The work refers to two levels. First, a study of the Dakar-Yoff airport zone, which shows how the infrastructure contributed to the emergence of the international metropolis. The municipalities bordering the airport (Yoff, Ouakam and Ngor), located in the district of Almadies, have seen their territory evolve physically and economically since its installation in the northwestern suburbs of Dakar. The analysis of geographical maps, from the 1940s to the present day, testifies to a real spatial dynamic in this part of the Dakar region. Based on the characteristics of the airport and the economic and urban dynamics that accompanied its evolution, the analysis will reveal that the lack of mastery of urbanization in its surroundings and the disregard of regulations will lead to multiple problems and consequently to the decision of the state of Senegal to transfer the equipment to a new site, about forty kilometers from Dakar. The construction of the new platform and the various projects associated with it place the new host municipalities, Diass and Keur Moussa, located in rural areas, at the center of the country's political and economic challenges and affect their future development. The emergence of the airport as an actor of economic and territorial development, especially for the surrounding territories, shows the links that can exist between the airport infrastructure and its environment. These links translate into several visible aspects that are discussed in this contribution.

Foreign direct investment (FDI) has been touted in literature and by numerous studies on the topic as one of the main drivers of economic growth globally. Its benefits transcend from host to home countries, introducing related benefits that would not be realised without FDI. In sub-Saharan Africa, FDI is further regarded as one of the main avenues to alleviate resource deficits on the continent. Moreover, FDI is considered critical in mitigating socio-economic challenges experienced in many parts of the sub-continent. However, the continent lags behind the rest of the world in both outward FDI (OFDI) and inward FDI. Furthermore, intra-Africa FDI is also the lowest intra-regional FDI in the world. Various studies have been conducted on how MNCs strategise for their FDI initiatives and how the host country attributes render nations either attractive or otherwise to FDI. However, most of the studies have been premised on the developed world, mainly neglecting the unique characteristics of the continent. Africa has become a potentially attractive FDI destination for MNCs, as it has achieved consistently higher economic growth rates when compared to the rest of the world in the past few decades. However, the relatively few studies on the business environment, compounded by the often-negative media publication about the continent have rendered Africa a treacherous investment destination for MNCs. Democratic South Africa is a relatively new country in Africa. However, it is an important economic force on the continent due to superior resources and expertise formulated in the country over centuries. South African-originated MNCs currently form the bulk of MNC activity on the continent. However, SA MNCs have reported mixed fortunes in their OFDI endeavours in the rest of the sub-continent with many disinvestments, especially over the past two decades. These business closures continue up to the present day. This primary purpose of this study was to add to the existing literature on OFDI to ascertain scientific solutions to mitigate inappropriate business strategies being adopted by SA MNCs on the rest of the continent, especially those MNCs that invest in agribusiness. The study is unique in that it investigates the firm, host industry and overall host country attributes of OFDI in agribusiness. Furthermore, the study focused on the four regions of sub-Saharan Africa (East, West, Central and Southern Africa) to ensure that the regional dynamics of the continent are considered. The study also considered the effects of the different historical legal and business processes of the continent by factoring in anglophone, francophone and lusophone countries in the study. The formulation of this study and incorporation of these specifics therefore rendered this study different from existing studies. Furthermore, agribusiness is one of the most important industries in Africa, employing most of its populace, given the unique agrarian nature of the continent. However, there are negligible studies on FDI in agribusiness on the continent. To bridge this academic lacuna, the current study primarily focused on this sector that is critical to most African economies. The research, therefore, fills these gaps in the existing literature. The period under study was from 2000 to 2018. With the usage of annual data sourced from reliable sources in a robust panel regression approach, the findings of the study are as follows. Firm heterogeneity plays a critical role in the success of FDI initiatives. The study found that the asset base of an MNC was pertinent for the success of OFDI. Firms that relied on debt funding encountered challenges in OFDI processes. The research also found that profitability remained the main priority of MNCs, given that profitability and FDI share significant positive relationships. Interestingly, the findings established that MNCs that had a long history in their home countries struggled with OFDI, attributable to their limited ability to adapt their tried and tested home processes to new, unique markets on the rest of the continent. The findings on the agribusiness sector of host countries revealed that countries with progressive policies in agribusiness attracted additional and better FDI. For instance, investments in agri-infrastructure were beneficial to those host countries, showing that countries that prioritised agribusiness reaped the benefits, especially in the long term. Furthermore, there was clear evidence that FDI had a mutually beneficial relationship with crop and livestock production as well as value addition in agribusiness. There were mixed and useful findings regarding the impact of climate, food security and arable land as they relate to agribusiness FDI. Finally, the study supported the importance of institutional sturdiness on FDI. Although the study corroborated the direct relationship between FDI and economic growth, the findings revealed varied effects of the FDI relationship with unemployment, political stability and infrastructural development. The research findings inferred the importance of policy interventions to ensure that FDI initiatives are optimised to realise food security and growth in order to alleviate poverty and other social challenges experienced in the continent. / Business Management / D. Com. (Business Management)

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal