Softwaresysteme sind ein wichtiger Bestandteil in der heutigen digitalen Welt und müssen oft als fundamentales Investitionsgut von Unternehmen betrachtet werden. Deswegen benötigen solche Systeme eine betriebswirtschaftliche Sichtweise: der Wert als operatives System sowie als langfristige finanzielle Investition bezüglich zukünftiger Anforderungen. Die Grundlage jeden guten Softwaresystems liegt in dessen Architektur, dem Zusammenhang von allen Teilen und deren Beziehungen untereinander, dem inneren Aufbau und der Organisation der Teile. Der Zusammenhang zwischen guter Architektur und resultierender guter Evolutionsfähigkeit und Zukunftsfähigkeit eines Systems ist generell in den Meinungen vertreten. Jedoch liegen dazu nur wenige Literaturstellen vor, welche die Thematik tatsächlich mehr als nur empirisch aufzeigen. Diese Arbeit soll einen möglichen Weg aufzeigen, wie mithilfe eines modellbasierten Ansatzes ein kausaler und quantitiver Zusammenhang zwischen Architektur eines Softwaresystems und dem resultierenden betriebswirtschaftlichen Wert (im Sinne der Evolutionsfähigkeit) hergestellt werden kann.

IT governance is a very pressing matter for many companies not only all around the world but also in Czech Republic. Therefor this thesis will in the beginning introduce reader to the subject of IT Governance, it's historical development, structure, participants and also its benefits for the organizations but also with possible hardships of incorporating it into companies. Main benefit of this thesis is mapping of different solutions providers. These solutions include software platforms, differentiating methodics and also consulting IT services. This work chooses and introduces key market providers. Last part of the thesis hints at the possibilities of implementing chosen methodic into a sample company. Reader is introduced to the chosen methodic in greater detail and the aforementioned methodic is demonstrated through the companies services.

This diploma thesis deals with the determination of the value of company Reda a.s. to 31.12.2019, by using income-based method. The first part of thesis defines the theoretical assumptions and procedure for determining the value of company. The analytical part contains a strategic analysis, financial analysis, prognosis of value generators and the compilation of a financial plan. At the end of the diploma thesis, the value of the company is determined using the discounted cash flow method.

Softwaresysteme sind ein wichtiger Bestandteil in der heutigen digitalen Welt und müssen oft als fundamentales Investitionsgut von Unternehmen betrachtet werden. Deswegen benötigen solche Systeme eine betriebswirtschaftliche Sichtweise: der Wert als operatives System sowie als langfristige finanzielle Investition bezüglich zukünftiger Anforderungen. Die Grundlage jeden guten Softwaresystems liegt in dessen Architektur, dem Zusammenhang von allen Teilen und deren Beziehungen untereinander, dem inneren Aufbau und der Organisation der Teile. Der Zusammenhang zwischen guter Architektur und resultierender guter Evolutionsfähigkeit und Zukunftsfähigkeit eines Systems ist generell in den Meinungen vertreten. Jedoch liegen dazu nur wenige Literaturstellen vor, welche die Thematik tatsächlich mehr als nur empirisch aufzeigen. Diese Arbeit soll einen möglichen Weg aufzeigen, wie mithilfe eines modellbasierten Ansatzes ein kausaler und quantitiver Zusammenhang zwischen Architektur eines Softwaresystems und dem resultierenden betriebswirtschaftlichen Wert (im Sinne der Evolutionsfähigkeit) hergestellt werden kann.

Purpose – Motivated by the increasing role of information technology (IT) in today’s organizations, the purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between business and IT executives in order to improve the organizational performance of the different aspects of IT technology and related systems. In the process, special attention is given to drivers which facilitate the cooperation between the parties involved. Design/methodology/approach – This survey-based research utilizes structural equation modeling methodology to uncover the relevant variables pertaining to the promotion of a positive social and strategic context needed to increase the effectiveness of organizational IT facets. Findings – The effectiveness of IT in modern organizations is contingent on a social alignment, business – IT alignment, strategic consistency, and common vision among the people who manage the IT function and those who need the organization. Research limitations/implications – This study is based on a sample of Portuguese manufacturing organizations. Therefore, findings and conclusions should be interpreted accordingly. In this context, future research in other organizational cultural settings is called for in order to refine and validate the results of this study. Practical implications – The role of establishing an organizational culture which stresses the common goal and mutual trust and cooperation in creating effective IT organizational utilization is underscored. As such, business executives are encouraged to exercise their leadership skills in order to create an organizational strategy which aligns IT capabilities and investments with the competitive strategy of the organization. In this context, creating an organizational culture which promotes business – IT alignment in a healthy social context is necessary. Originality/value – The issues and concerns addressed in this study should bridge the gap between business and IT executives. In the process, this study facilitates and encourages the effective utilization of the different facets of IT technology as they better serve the people of the organization. This advances the cost and practice of the strategic organizational role of IT investments.

Information technology (IT) organizations have become an integral part of many firms, with increasing strategic significance. Consequently, investments in IT represent a significant percentage of a firm's expenditure. Despite the investment, the business value of IT has been difficult to quantify, creating uncertainty about a firm's investments in IT innovation. The purpose of this nonexperimental study was to examine relationships between a firm's innovativeness and 3 IT organizational design factors: knowledge creation, dynamic capabilities, and communication structures. The research questions addressed the relationships between a firm's ability to innovate and specific design elements of the IT organization. The study was based on Nonaka's dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation, Schumpeter's industrial market structure, and Wernerfelt's resource-based view of the firm. Data were collected from an online survey with 115 employees of firms that depend on IT to deliver their products or services. Pearson product-moment correlational analysis revealed statistically significant relationships between the IT organizational design factors and a firm's ability to innovate. The implications for positive social change stemming from this study affect managers of firms that rely on IT to deliver products or services. The findings suggest that the design of the IT organization influences the performance of the firm through cost reduction and its sustainability through innovation, both of which lead to community economic empowerment thus benefiting the general public.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Business Intelligence refers to the use of Information Systems to enable raw data to be collated into information that can be reported, with the end goal of using this information to enhance the business decision-making process. Business Intelligence is enabled by making use of information that is complete, relevant, accurate, timely and accessible. There are currently a number of documented perspectives that can be used to gauge the value of Business Intelligence systems; however, from an overall business value perspective the most robust method would be to identify and analyse the most commonly identified factors that impact the value assigned to Business Intelligence Systems by a company, and the correlation of each of these factors to calculate the overall value. The importance of deriving a conceptual model, representing the major factors identified from literature and moderated by the quantitative research conducted, lies in its enabling companies and government bodies to assess the true value addition of Business Intelligence systems, and to understand the return on investment of these systems for organisations. In doing so, companies can justify or reject any further expenditure on Business Intelligence. The quantitative research for this thesis was conducted together with a project that was run between the University of the Western Cape and the Hochschule Neu-Ulm University of Applied Sciences in Germany. The research was conducted simultaneously across organisations in South Africa and Germany on the use of BI Systems and Corporate Performance Management. The respondents for the research were Chief Executive Officers, Chief Information Officers and Business Intelligence Managers in selected organisations. A Direct Oblimin-factor analysis was conducted on the online survey responses. The survey was conducted on a sample of approximately 1500 Business Intelligence specialists across South Africa and Germany; and 113 responses were gathered. The factor analysis reduced the key factors identified in the literature to a few major factors, namely: Information Quality, Management and Accessibility, Information Usage, and Knowledge-sharing Culture. Thereafter, a Structural-Equation-Modelling analysis was completed using the Partial-least-Squares method. The results indicate that there is a strong relationship between the factor-Information Quality, Management and Accessibility, and the Value of Business Intelligence. It was found that while there was no strong impact from Information Usage and Culture, there was a strong correlation between Information Usage and Culture and Information Quality, Management and Accessibility The research findings are significant for academic researchers, information technology experts, Business Intelligence specialists and Business Intelligence users. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by bringing together disparate factors that have been identified in academic journals; and assessing the relationship each has on the value of Business Intelligence, as well as the correlations that exist between these factors. From this, the final conceptual model was derived using factors that were identified and tested through the Factor Analysis and the PLS-SEM. The following conclusions can be drawn from the research: (1) The assurance of quality information in the form of complete, accurate, relevant and timeous information that is efficiently managed is the most paramount factor to an organisation deriving value from Business Intelligence systems; (2) information accessibility is key, in order to realise the value of Business Intelligence systems in organisations; and (3) Business Intelligence systems cannot add value to an organisation if a culture of information use and sharing is absent within that organisation. The derived model can be practically implemented as a checklist for organisations to assess Business Intelligence system investments as well as current implementations

I samhället pågår en trendförflyttning som innebär; ett ökat antal elektrifierade och energieffektivare fordon, ökad förnybar energi och utvecklingen av ett transporteffektivt samhälle. Anledningen till trendförflyttningens aktualitet är en kombination av att urbaniseringen fortsatt ökar och att transportsektorns utsläppsnivåer måste minska för att nå klimatmålen till år 2030. Varje stad är beroende av mobilitet och idag har utvecklingen av mobilitet sammankopplats med våra byggda miljöer och har blivit en viktig del av vår tids fastighetsutveckling. Ett begrepp som implementerats för att främja mobilitet i ett transporteffektivt samhälle är mobilitetshubb. Byggnaden syftar till att främja samnyttjande och delningsekonomi, bidra till en bättre hälsa och tillgängliggöra hållbar mobilitet för alla. En fastighetsutvecklare har en väsentlig men tvetydig roll i realiseringen av en mobilitetshubb idag. Syftet med studien är därför att undersöka hur en fastighetsutvecklare som nyttjar en mobilitetshubbs affärsvärde kan påverkas genom att bidra till realiseringen. Affärsvärdet undersöks utifrån; aktualitet, attraktivitet och ekonomiskt värde. Vidare är avsikten att identifiera en fastighetsutvecklares incitament och investeringskostnaderna vid realiseringen av en mobilitetshubb. En fallstudie på det pågående stadsutvecklingsprojektet Forsåker har genomförts där det planeras för två mobilitetshubbar. Fallstudien baseras på intervjuer med både experter inom mobilitet och fastighetsutvecklare, samt en investeringskalkyl som jämför kostnaderna för att bygga ett garage på egen fastighet och en mobilitetshubb. För en fastighetsutvecklare innebär aktualitet att vara relevant på marknaden och att framtida projekt utvecklas med hänsyn till kundens och samhällets framtida krav och behov. Det leder till att de initialt svarar med nyfikenhet och intresse för den pågående trendförflyttningen och ser främst fem incitament med realiseringen av en mobilitetshubb: (1) Minska byggkostnader vid byggnation av färre parkeringsplatser, (2) uppfylla kundens behov och efterfrågan, (3) öka nyttjandet av byggrätten samt att en trevligare stads- och gatumiljö främjas, (4) öka sin hållbarhetsprofil och (5) bidra till samhällsutvecklingen. Däremot känner fastighetsutvecklarna en osäkerhet kring rollfördelning, affärsmodell och den nödvändiga beteendeförändringen då faktorerna påverkar fastighetsutvecklarens ekonomiska resultat vid realiseringen av en mobilitetshubb. Investeringskalkylen visar att genom att investera i en mobilitetshubb jämfört med att bygga eget garage på sin fastighet, görs en kostnadsbesparing på 14% per kvm BTA. Studien klargör att en investering i realiseringen av en mobilitetshubb är både aktuell, attraktiv och skapar ekonomiskt värde. Därav kommer en fastighetsutvecklares affärsvärde påverkas positivt av att nyttja en mobilitetshubb istället för att bygga eget garage i ett stadsutvecklingsområde. / Currently a trend shift is taking place in society and consists of; an increased amount of electrified and energy-efficient vehicles, increased usage of renewable energy and the development of a transport-efficient society. The reason behind the topicality of the trend shift is a combination of urbanization and that the transport sector's emissions have to decrease if the climate goals set for 2030 are to be reached. Mobility is an important segment of every city. The development of mobility is today linked to the built environments and is an important part of our times property development. A concept that has been implemented to support mobility in a transport efficient society is the mobility hub. The building aims to encourage sharing and sharing economy, contribute to better health and make sustainable mobility available for everybody. A property developer has today an essential but ambiguous role. Therefore, the study aims to examine how a property developer's business value is affected by contributing to the realization of a mobility hub. The business value has been examined based on three factors; topicality, attractiveness and economic value. Further, the intention is to identify property developer’s incentives and what investment costs a realization of a mobility hub brings. The study is based on a case study of the ongoing urban development project Forsåker where two mobility hubs are planned to be developed. The case study is based on interviews with both experts within mobility and property developers, and an investment calculation that compares the costs for a property developer to build a garage on their own property and their costs to use a mobility hub. For a property developer, timeliness means to be relevant and ensure that future projects are developed with consideration to both the customer’s and the society’s future requirements and needs. This results in an initial curiosity and interest for the ongoing trend shift, and the property developers see five main incentives with the realization of a mobility hub: (1) Reduce construction costs because of fewer parking spaces that has to be constructed, (2) meet the customer’s needs and demand, (3) increase the utilization of the building, (4) increase their sustainability profile and (5) contribute to the development of the society. However, uncertainties regarding the distribution of the roles, business models and the behavior change has been recognized. This depends on the fact that these factors affect the property developers economic result in a realization of a mobility hub. The investment calculation shows that a property developer makes a cost saving of 14% per sqm gross area by investing in a mobility hub instead of building a garage on their own property.

As with many new technology implementations before, Business Intelligence (BI) implementations have come under scrutiny in terms of the value added to organisations. The latest academic research uses various different ‘traditional financial methods’ such as the Return on Investment (ROI) calculations to determine the value of investments. In some instances customized measurement tools are proposed as a result of empirical studies conducted. The main objective of this study is to perform qualitative investigation on the theoretical value of BI implementations in organisations. If it is assumed that BI does add value to organisations, the primary research question aims to investigate how this value is added. A balanced scorecard second generation approach is used as theoretical framework in order to address the question. This approach is also known as strategy mapping. The research process starts with an extensive literature review on the topic of BI value evaluations and BI related balanced scorecards and strategy maps. As a result, various theoretical and practical research contributions are produced. One of the theoretical contributions includes an inventory of previous academic literature on the topic of BI value evaluations. This inventory is also presented diagrammatically. A preliminary version of the BI balanced scorecard is developed and used as foundation for a semi-structured interview template to investigate the value of BI in organisations.\ The semi-structured interview template was used as primary data generation instrument to gather data for this multiple-case study project. Four organisations participated in the study. The data obtained from the study was analysed and presented using an updated version of the theoretical framework of the study and was labelled as the intermediate version of the scorecard. The intermediate version of the BI balanced scorecard provided valuable input towards investigating how value was achieved as a result of BI implementations. These results were verified as part of a final verification process through a consultation process with the same study participants. A final version of the BI balanced scorecard is presented and included in a complete BI value solution. This version of the balanced scorecard is also a valuable practical contribution of the study. The verified results of the investigation indicated the following:- (1) BI adds value to organisations in all four perspectives of the organisation, namely the business value perspective, user orientation perspective, operational excellence perspective as well as the future orientation perspective. (2) Furthermore, the study confirmed that BI adds value to organisations through a number of benefits including an increase in sales and compliance to regulatory requirements (to name a few). (3) However, the study also indicated that value-related studies must adopt a holistic approach in an attempt to cater for the many facets of the topic. (4) Despite the challenge of implementing BI in organisations, the perceived value of BI implementations amongst senior management remained positive. This was supported by the continuous implementation of new BI projects in organisations. (5) There was a definite relationship between BI implementations and organisational performance. This is evident through the positive impact on sales figures, risk and compliance management and operational management. The study contributes to the broader field of Information Systems (IS) in numerous ways. Firstly the research discovers gaps in existing research, then proposes a method to investigate the research question as a result of the gaps identified, and -iiiuses this method as a tool to investigate the problem. The main contribution of the study is to contribute to the body of knowledge by investigating the value of business intelligence to organisations. / College of Engineering, Science & Technology / D. Litt et. Phil. (Information Systems)

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: E-commerce in South Africa is currently experiencing considerable growth, as in the rest of the world. Substantial foreign investments are being made in selected South African online retail stores and the majority of businesses have an online presence to sell or promote their products and services. Yet, as e-commerce is a dynamic and relatively new industry, there is a need for South African companies to understand business model adaptation for e-commerce, and specifically for successful e-marketplace participation. Kalahari Marketplace was established in 2011 as a C:C platform for customers to sell books and media. In January 2014, this platform was expanded to a fully integrated B:C platform that enables third-party retailers to sell directly to Kalahari.com customers in various categories. The Kalahari Marketplace platform follows the same development outline as the very successful Amazon.com Marketplace platform in the United States. The premise is that sellers have an additional channel to sell to customers they would not normally have had, and customers benefit by having access to a wide product range and competitive pricing. The aim of this research study is to understand the typical business model of a successful e-marketplace participant. It furthermore set out to explore the success factors, which translate into value creation for the seller achieved through participation in an e-marketplace. This investigation was done through a case study approach by examining existing sellers retailing through Kalahari Marketplace. To achieve the research aim, qualitative, exploratory research was conducted. The research method involved a combination of primary and secondary research. Secondary research was conducted regarding the external environmental factors of Kalahari Marketplace sellers. Primary data was gathered through in-depth semi-structured interviews with Kalahari Marketplace sellers. The external environmental analysis for participating in an e-marketplace, such as Kalahari Marketplace, was overall positive, taking into consideration challenges such as expensive Internet and low Internet usage penetration. The key findings from the internal analyses were that participating in an e-marketplace has substantial benefits for a traditional retailer that wants to trade online. These advantages include transaction cost savings, exposure to new customers, and reduced marketing expenses. The following recommendations were made for successful e-marketplace participation: • Take an active involvement in e-marketplace listings; • Effective procurement and use of resources; • Excellent customer service; • Build reliable and cost effective delivery channels; and • Offer a wide and mixed product range. The research limitation of this study stated that Kalahari Marketplace is a moderately new B:C e-retailing platform; therefore, retailers are still learning to adapt. Suggested additional research involves a wide-reaching quantitative research into key success factors for e-marketplace participation from a South African perspective.