A sucessão na empresa familiar tem sido considerada por seus estudiosos como o mais importante desafio a ser enfrentado por aquelas companhias na luta por sua perpetuação. Os processos de transição do controle da família enfrentam várias dificuldades típicas de qualquer transição gerencial ou de propriedade na firma, mas são complicados por fatores subjetivos presentes na interação das dinâmicas empresarial e familiar. Nas sucessões familiares os conflitos emergem, frequentemente, da indiscriminação entre os papéis sociais na família e na empresa. Tais conflitos envolvem questões ligadas à propriedade do negócio, à sua administração e aos interesses da família. A Nova Economia das Instituições adicionou ao corpo teórico das finanças corporativas uma série de variáveis comportamentais desconsideradas pela Economia Neoclássica com o objetivo de imprimir maior realismo às análises teóricas. O presente trabalho investiga as proposições da Teoria Econômica de Finanças para o comportamento dos administradores quanto à escolha da Estrutura de Capital na firma e sua utilidade para os Processos Sucessórios como elemento atenuante de conflitos. As conclusões apontam para uma interdependência entre decisões de Estrutura de Capital e Processo Sucessório, e para uma grande importância da forma de financiamento no longo prazo para o sucesso da Sucessão na Empresa Familiar, além de sugerirem pesquisas mais avançadas no sentido de compreender melhor esse contexto. / Experts consider the process of succession in the family business as the most important challenge in their fight for perpetuation. The transition processes encounter various difficulties common to managerial transitions, yet they are made more complicated due to subjective factors present in both the family and management arenas. During succession processes, conflicts often arise out of a difficulty to differentiate between social and business roles in the family. Such conflicts involve issues such as ownership, management styles and family interests. The New Institutional Economics added a series of behavior variables to the theoretical body of corporate finance. Such variables, previously not considered by the Neoclassic Economics, were added so as to bring a higher level of realism to the theoretical analysis. This dissertation investigates the propositions put forward by the Economic Theory of Finance regarding the behavior of managers as far as their choice of Capital Structure for the business and its validity as conflict attenuation in the process of Succession. The conclusions put forward here point toward an interdependency between decisions regarding Capital Structure and Succession in the Family Business. In addition to that, they highlight the importance of long term financing for a successful process, and suggest further investigation that could support and illustrate the conclusions.

會計的主要目的在提供有用的資訊，以幫助使用者制定相關決策。由於一般公認會計原則採用應計基礎，重視收益實現原則及配合原則，因此盈餘資訊一直相當受到重視。自Ball & Brown及Beaver從事有關盈餘與股票報酬的研究開始，許多實證研究的結果均支持盈餘具有資訊內涵。國內有關這方面的研究亦不在少數，但所得的結論並不一致，有些支持盈餘有用，有些則否。基於這個原因，本研究乃由企業生命週期的觀點來探討盈餘與股價的關聯性，以了解盈餘對股票報酬是否具有解釋能力。 　　本研究所欲檢定的假說如下： 　　一、假說一：相同的盈餘，在成長期股價的反應大於成熟期 　　二、假說二：相同的盈餘，在成熟期股價的反應大於衰退期 　　三、假說三：相同的盈餘，在成長期股價的反應大於衰退期 　　四、假說四：假說一至假說三中之三種盈餘與股價的關係，不因公司規模的大小而有差異 　　五、假說五：假說一至假說三中之三種盈餘與股價的關係，不因行業的不同而有差異 　　根據實證的結果，本研究達成下列結論： 　　一、本研究所使用的四個企業生命週期指標變數--營收成長率、營業利益率、股利支付率及企業年齡，除了股利支付率外，其餘三者之變動與預期相符，應為適當之分類指標。 　　二、對於相同的盈餘，在不同的企業生命週期階段中，股價的反應趨勢雖支持研究假說，但因各階段的係數間並未有顯著的差異，因此假說一、假說二及假說三無法獲得證實。 　　三、以不同期間進行分析時，所獲結果並無重大改善，因此仍無法證實上述三個假說的真實性。 　　四、在規模別的分析中，小公司之分析結果與正常時期之分析結果大致相同，但大公司在營收成長率、營業利益率及股利支付率三種指標中其成長期股價的反應顯著大於成熟期，此時假說一獲得證實。因小公司與大公司在各階段股價的反應並不相同，因此假說四無法獲得證實。 　　五、在行業別的分析中，只有塑膠業較符合本研究的預期，其他行業則否，因此假說五亦無法獲得證實。 　　六、造成上述結果的可能原因有三： 　　　（一）台灣股市規模尚小，且機構投資者在市場交易所占比例不高，加上證券法規未徹底執行、投資人較不重視基本分析，造成股市投機性高，因此盈餘資訊與股價間的關係不易偵測。 　　　（二）台灣上市公司大多擁有許多關係企業，或為關係企業之成員，受關係企業之影響頗深，在股價的反應上自不單純以個別公司情況作考量，因此應考慮整個企業集團的情況。 　　　（三）企業在衰退後可能因策略上的改變，如多角化經營，而進入另一個生命週期，再次成長。依本研究的理論模型，此時股價會對此有所反應，因而導致成熟期與衰退期股價對盈餘的反應與成長期無蘋著的差異。

A sucessão na empresa familiar tem sido considerada por seus estudiosos como o mais importante desafio a ser enfrentado por aquelas companhias na luta por sua perpetuação. Os processos de transição do controle da família enfrentam várias dificuldades típicas de qualquer transição gerencial ou de propriedade na firma, mas são complicados por fatores subjetivos presentes na interação das dinâmicas empresarial e familiar. Nas sucessões familiares os conflitos emergem, frequentemente, da indiscriminação entre os papéis sociais na família e na empresa. Tais conflitos envolvem questões ligadas à propriedade do negócio, à sua administração e aos interesses da família. A Nova Economia das Instituições adicionou ao corpo teórico das finanças corporativas uma série de variáveis comportamentais desconsideradas pela Economia Neoclássica com o objetivo de imprimir maior realismo às análises teóricas. O presente trabalho investiga as proposições da Teoria Econômica de Finanças para o comportamento dos administradores quanto à escolha da Estrutura de Capital na firma e sua utilidade para os Processos Sucessórios como elemento atenuante de conflitos. As conclusões apontam para uma interdependência entre decisões de Estrutura de Capital e Processo Sucessório, e para uma grande importância da forma de financiamento no longo prazo para o sucesso da Sucessão na Empresa Familiar, além de sugerirem pesquisas mais avançadas no sentido de compreender melhor esse contexto. / Experts consider the process of succession in the family business as the most important challenge in their fight for perpetuation. The transition processes encounter various difficulties common to managerial transitions, yet they are made more complicated due to subjective factors present in both the family and management arenas. During succession processes, conflicts often arise out of a difficulty to differentiate between social and business roles in the family. Such conflicts involve issues such as ownership, management styles and family interests. The New Institutional Economics added a series of behavior variables to the theoretical body of corporate finance. Such variables, previously not considered by the Neoclassic Economics, were added so as to bring a higher level of realism to the theoretical analysis. This dissertation investigates the propositions put forward by the Economic Theory of Finance regarding the behavior of managers as far as their choice of Capital Structure for the business and its validity as conflict attenuation in the process of Succession. The conclusions put forward here point toward an interdependency between decisions regarding Capital Structure and Succession in the Family Business. In addition to that, they highlight the importance of long term financing for a successful process, and suggest further investigation that could support and illustrate the conclusions.

Aj The goal of the diploma thesis is to find out what is the life career of women who provide paid sexual services. The thesis only applies to women who provide sexual services for financial compensation and are over 18 years old. Although we know from research that a large portion of women started providing sexual services for money before the age of 18, we are not getting into direct contact with teenage sex workers. In my work, I focus on the biography of women providing paid sex services. From their perspective, and how they view their lives. The sample of respondents was adapted to the topic and we approached both the clients of Bliss without RISK, z. s. as well as those who no longer working in the sex business. I used the in-depth interview method to get a basic picture of the interviewee's family, personal, and work situation. Furthermore, I focused on capturing their view of the life stage when they worked in the sex business. I tried to identify the moments that led to the entry and exit of this profession. Keywords: Sex business, Bliss without RISK (R-R), Sex worker, Life career, Paid sexual services

『國際化』對於台灣企業而言，已是必然的趨勢。因此，如何成功地進入國外市場？可以說是目前台灣企業最重要的課題。而對一個想要進入國外市場的企業而言，除了選擇所要進入的國家外，更重要的是『進入模式』的決定。一個適當的進入模式對於企業往後的國際營運影響深遠，不僅直接影響到該市場的成敗，對於企業的其他市場亦具有間接的效應。因為在全球整合性的競爭下，市場間的競爭關連性上升，一個市場的成敗往往是在另一個市場上優、劣勢的來源。 目前學者對於影響企業決定『進入模式』的因素看法並不一致。不過大致仍可歸納出內部與外部因素兩個方面(Root, 1987)。而『企業生命週期』可視為企業內部因素的表徵，因此，企業的組織階段勢必對進入模式的決定有某種程度的影響。而由於『企業生命週期』的概念較為普遍，對於台灣一般的企業而言，實用性較高。因此，本研究的動機乃是基於探討『企業生命週期』與最適『進入模式』間的關連性。而影響進入模式的因素除了組織內部因素外，還有企業外部的環境因素，尤其是地主國的環境因素，對進入模式的決策更具有關鍵性的影響。因此，本研究亦將地主國的環境變數納入考量，以提高研究模型的解釋能力。 基於以上研究動機，本研究有以下主要目的：1.探討並整理『企業生命週期』與國外市場『進入模式』相關的文獻。2.以『企業生命週期』理論為出發點，發展一個觀念架構，用以描述企業的組織階段與地主國環境變數，對於國外市場進入模式決策的影響。3.以台灣企業為對象，針對本研究所發展的觀念架構，進行實證分析，並提出研究結果以供業界及後續研究參考。 本文以郵寄問卷方式，對於台灣企業進行實證研究；所採用分析方法包括：敘述性統計、因素分析(Factor analysis)、集群分析(Cluster analysis)、變異數分析、鑑別分析(Discriminant analysis)、t-test 以及 Logistic Regression Analysis 等等。研究結果顯示： 一、目前從事國際化的台灣企業，根據其組織內部情況，我們可將其劃分為創業期、加速期、制度化期、以及再生期四個階段。 二、企業生命週期對進入模式之影響 1.再生階段相對於創業階段而言，在出口對其他、出口對生產據點、以及出口對銷售據點三種情況下，具有顯著性影響；也就是說在以上三種情況下，再生階段會比創業階段傾向採用較高涉入的進入模式。 2.加速階段與制度化階段相對於創業階段而言，只在出口對銷售據點時，具有顯著性影響；亦即，在考慮出口與銷售據點兩種進入模式時，加速階段或制度化階段均會比創業階段傾向採用銷售據點形式之進入模式。 3.若考慮銷售對生產據點，或者是合資生產對獨資生產據點時，則不論是加速階段、制度化階段或是再生階段，相對於創業階段而言，均未有顯著性影響。 三、地主國環境因素對進入模式之影響 1.關於地主國環境變動程度之因素，實證結果雖具顯著影響，但與本研究假設相衝突。因此，只可經由文獻之整理加以推論（詳見 P.98），而無法獲得明確之結論。 2.不論是考慮出口對其他、出口對銷售據點、或是出口對生產據點，當地市場之規模與文化相似性具有顯著性影響。亦即，當市場規模愈大或兩地文化相似愈高時，企業會傾向採用涉入程度較出口為高的進入模式。 3.若考慮同為生產據點的合資生產與獨資生產兩類進入模式時，企業對當地環境之熟悉程度具有顯著影響。亦即，當企業對所進入的市場環境愈熟悉，其愈傾於採用獨資生產的進入模式。反之，若企業對當地環境較陌生時，則會傾向以合資的方式進入該市場，以分散投資風險。 4.若以出口對生產據點以及銷售據點對生產據點而言，當地市場之吸引力具有顯著性影響。亦即，相對於出口或銷售據點，在當地市場吸引力愈大時，企業會傾向採用生產據點形式進入模式，以獲取在當地投資設廠之利益與優惠。 / Internationalization is the developmental trend of Taiwan business. The choice of the entry mode for foreign markets play a vital role in global competition.According to other literatures, we find that the factors effect this choice can devide into two part: internal and external factors. And the business life cycle express the internal ones. According to these reasons,our research has the following porpose: 1.Review the relevant literatures about the business life cycle and entry mode. 2.To develope a concept infrastructure to describe the influence of business life cycle and host country environment for entry mode. 3.Using the Taiwan business as empirical respondents to approve our concept infrastucture, and give some suggestions to Taiwan entrepreneur.