The purpose of this study was to provide a better understanding why consumers conduct research online and post online reviews. This was achieved by finding relationships between the two phenomena presented above. The study used a cross-sectional design since little was known about the relationships within the chosen research area. Results were measured by quantitative instrument through a self-administered questionnaire divided by each phenomenon. The questionnaire was directed towards Swedish consumers in the buying decision process.Consumers conduct research online with the specific goal for gaining information posted by other consumers, since it has a higher credibility. Helping other consumers and self-expression was reasons found in relation to why consumers post online reviews.Findings strengthen the fact that higher education could be found of relationship to conduct research online; however, not to post online reviews. In comparison to previous studies the study measured online shopping frequency instead of Internet experience. It was found that consumers who conducted online shopping were in relation with previous presented theories. / Syftet med denna studie var att skapa en bättre förståelse till varför konsumenter publicerar och konsumerar onlinerecensioner. Genom att applicera en tvärsnittsdesign kunde syftet uppnås då relationer identifierades. För att möjliggöra mätning av resultatet applicerades ett kvantitativt instrument genom en självadministrerad enkät vilken var uppdelad efter respektive fenomen.Onlinerecensioner används för det specifika målet att samla större mängder information innan köpbeslut. De onlinerecensioner som används främst är de skapade av andra konsumenter då de anses vara av högre trovärdighet än information skapat av företag. Att hjälpa andra konsumenter och självförbättring är vad resultatet påvisar vara anledning till att konsumenter publicerar onlinerecensioner.Vidare stärkte resultatet en relation där konsumenter med högre utbildning tenderar att konsumera onlinerecensioner men inte till att publicera dessa. Konsumenternas köpfrekvens applicerades istället för att mäta graden erfarenhet av Internet, vilket gjorts i tidigare studier.

Research Question: What factors influence customers’ online group buying decision-making in emerging market? Research Purpose: To explore whether the factors of the Social Exchange Theory, market stimuli and e-commerce systems affect customers’ online group buying decision-making in emerging market Method: This research is a quantitative study by using survey as a research strategy. A questionnaire which designed according to theory framework is used to collect data for analysis. The questionnaires are posted in Chinese Baidu PostBar. Conclusion: In the end of data collection, 375 questionnaires have been analyzed. After analyzing empirical data, results for research questions have been answered. According to the analysis and theoretical framework, "reciprocity", "trust", "price", "word of mouth" and "website design" are attributes which have been detected to influence customers ‘online group buying decision-making in China. However, "loyalty "and "logistic services" are not attributes to influence customers ‘online group buying decision-making. / <p>8</p>

Este trabalho objetiva analisar os atributos no processo de decisão de compra de notebooks no segmento B2B. Observa-se que os players que vendem notebooks para o mercado corporativo têm dificuldades para identificar os atributos que são mais importantes para seus clientes. Com o intuito de auxiliar na resolução deste problema, foram entrevistados presencialmente profissionais responsáveis pela área de infraestrutura de TI de 15 empresas da região de Porto Alegre, pedindo para que eles ordenassem 20 cartões de perfil completo contendo a descrição técnica de alguns notebooks. A partir da apresentação dos dados gerais da amostra, estruturou-se os dados dentro do software de estatística SPSS, tendo como input os fatores e níveis estabelecidos a partir de reuniões realizadas com profissionais da área de Marketing que trabalhavam na mesma empresa do pesquisador e da literatura a respeito de atributos no processo de decisão de compra de notebooks. Em seguida, procedeu-se com a análise estatística propriamente dita, começando pelo estudo desagregado, passando pela etapa agregada e finalizando com a identificação dos clusters Os resultados obtidos indicaram que o storage é o fator com a maior importância relativa para as empresas estudadas, seguido por processador, preço, marca e memória. A análise de subgrupos indicou que 5 segmentos resultaram na menor soma dos erros quadrados. Assim, verificou-se a relevância que o conhecimento dos atributos de notebooks tem para as empresas atuantes neste setor, de modo a conseguirem definir preços baseados em valor, posicionar melhor seus produtos, desenvolver novas estratégias de negócio e elaborar campanhas promocionais direcionadas. / This paper aims to analyze the attributes on the buying decision process of notebooks in the B2B segment. It is notable that players who sell notebooks for the corporate market have difficulty identifying the attributes that are most important to their customers. In order to assist in solving this problem, professionals responsible for the IT infrastructure area of 15 companies from the Porto Alegre region were interviewed in person and they were asked to order 20 complete profile cards containing the tecnhincal description of some notebooks. Based on the sample overall data presentation, the data were structured whithin the SPSS statistical software, considering as inputs the factors and levels defined from meetings held with Marketing area professionals who worked in the same company as the researcher and from the literature with respect to attributes on the buying decision process of notebooks. Then, the statistical analysis itself was made, starting with the individual analysis, going through the aggregated stage and ending up with the clusters identification. The obtained results showed that the storage is the factor with the greatest relative importance for the analyzed companies, followed by the processor, price, brand and memory. The subgroup analysis pointed out that 5 segments resulted in the smallest sum of squared errors. Thus, it was verified the relevance that the notebooks attributes knowledge has for the companies that play in this sector, in order to achieve price definition based on value, better position their products, develop new business strategies and elaborate driven promotional campaigns.

Este trabalho objetiva analisar os atributos no processo de decisão de compra de notebooks no segmento B2B. Observa-se que os players que vendem notebooks para o mercado corporativo têm dificuldades para identificar os atributos que são mais importantes para seus clientes. Com o intuito de auxiliar na resolução deste problema, foram entrevistados presencialmente profissionais responsáveis pela área de infraestrutura de TI de 15 empresas da região de Porto Alegre, pedindo para que eles ordenassem 20 cartões de perfil completo contendo a descrição técnica de alguns notebooks. A partir da apresentação dos dados gerais da amostra, estruturou-se os dados dentro do software de estatística SPSS, tendo como input os fatores e níveis estabelecidos a partir de reuniões realizadas com profissionais da área de Marketing que trabalhavam na mesma empresa do pesquisador e da literatura a respeito de atributos no processo de decisão de compra de notebooks. Em seguida, procedeu-se com a análise estatística propriamente dita, começando pelo estudo desagregado, passando pela etapa agregada e finalizando com a identificação dos clusters Os resultados obtidos indicaram que o storage é o fator com a maior importância relativa para as empresas estudadas, seguido por processador, preço, marca e memória. A análise de subgrupos indicou que 5 segmentos resultaram na menor soma dos erros quadrados. Assim, verificou-se a relevância que o conhecimento dos atributos de notebooks tem para as empresas atuantes neste setor, de modo a conseguirem definir preços baseados em valor, posicionar melhor seus produtos, desenvolver novas estratégias de negócio e elaborar campanhas promocionais direcionadas. / This paper aims to analyze the attributes on the buying decision process of notebooks in the B2B segment. It is notable that players who sell notebooks for the corporate market have difficulty identifying the attributes that are most important to their customers. In order to assist in solving this problem, professionals responsible for the IT infrastructure area of 15 companies from the Porto Alegre region were interviewed in person and they were asked to order 20 complete profile cards containing the tecnhincal description of some notebooks. Based on the sample overall data presentation, the data were structured whithin the SPSS statistical software, considering as inputs the factors and levels defined from meetings held with Marketing area professionals who worked in the same company as the researcher and from the literature with respect to attributes on the buying decision process of notebooks. Then, the statistical analysis itself was made, starting with the individual analysis, going through the aggregated stage and ending up with the clusters identification. The obtained results showed that the storage is the factor with the greatest relative importance for the analyzed companies, followed by the processor, price, brand and memory. The subgroup analysis pointed out that 5 segments resulted in the smallest sum of squared errors. Thus, it was verified the relevance that the notebooks attributes knowledge has for the companies that play in this sector, in order to achieve price definition based on value, better position their products, develop new business strategies and elaborate driven promotional campaigns.

The thesis is focused on the consumer behavior of the households in the period from 2003 to 2013. The theoretical part is divided into two parts, household consumption from the perspective of marketing, and from the perspective of economics. In the marketing section explains the concepts of consumer, household, consumer credit, consumer behavior, consumer predisposition and the buying decision process. In the section dedicated to economics concepts are explained, the budget line consumption, preferences, and surplus consumer's optimum. In the methodological part of the work describes the secondary sources from which I draw the data in the practical part. Listed here are provided for the investigated questions. The practical part includes information about the average income per person per year, the average expenditure per person per year, and also about the structure of consumption. I'm watching whether consumer behavior affect different criteria, for example, the age of the person at the head of the household, the size of the municipality in which the person lives in the household, the head of the household or education of the person at the head of the household. In conclusion is a summary of the collected data.

Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur betalningsmetoden avgiftsfri faktura påverkar unga konsumenters köpbeslut inom den svenska e-handeln. Studien skallförtydliga hur de påverkande faktorerna inverkar i de olika stegen avköpbeslutsprocessen samt belysa de för- och nackdelar som kan uppstå vidanvändningen av avgiftsfri faktura. Hur denna betalningsmetod kan komma att påverka vår målgrupps kreditkonsumtion, är också en infallsvinkel som undersöks. Studiens inriktning kommer att fokusera på klädkonsumtion då det är en kandidatuppsats för Textilt management. Metod: Den metodansats vi valt att använda oss av är en kvantitativ metod bestående av enenkätundersökning. Ett målstyrt urval har gjorts där enbart åldrarna 18-30 kommerstuderas. Vi valde även att undersöka eventuella samband mellan användning avavgiftsfri faktura och påverkningsbara faktorer kopplat till köpprocessen. Parallellthar vi valt att använda oss av primärdata samt offentlig statistisk data. Slutligenredovisas resultatet av undersökningen och kodas via SPSS för att förtydligasambanden mellan variablerna.Teoretiska Teorikapitlet ämnar att ge en bild av den generella påverkan som kanperspektiv: uppstå hos konsumenter. Till följd presenteras en teoretisk ansats baserad på köpbeslutsmodellen, som ligger till grund för undersökningen. Slutligen redovisas studiens undersökningsmodell som redovisar hur de olika teoretiska delar hör ihop. Resultat: Studien är baserad på 497 respondenter, varav 338 kvinnor och 115män, med bortfall på 30 procent. Efter bortfallet, godkändes 346 svar. Av dessa respondenter är alla bekanta med avgiftsfri faktura. Vid användning av SPSS kunde vi få fram flera signifikanta samband. Sedan har resultaten och sambanden diskuterats utifrån studiens syfte och teoretisk referensram. Slutsatser: Studiens resultat indikerar att användningen av avgiftsfri faktura bedrivs av individens sociala behov. Studiens undersökningsresultat indikerar att sociala och personliga faktorer har en ledande roll, medan psykologiska och kulturell påverkan är betydligt mindre påverkande i konsumentens köpbeslut. Vidare visar resultat att förtroendet för avgiftsfri faktura i form av betalningsleverantör har en påverkan på konsumentens köpbeslutsprocess. Slutligen kan undersökningens resultat i sambandmed den sekundära insamlade datan antyda att avgiftsfri faktura är ett ledandemodernt betalmedel på den svenska e-handeln. / Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate which factors affect young consumers when they are using the payment method “buy now, pay later”. We also want to analyze how these factors affect the different stages of the ‘purchase decision process’ and highlight the advantages and disadvantages that may arise. The study's focus will be on clothing consumption because the study is a Master's thesis for Textile management. Methodology: The method we are going to use is a quantitative method consisting of a survey. A goal oriented selection has been made where only ages 18-30 are relevant to the study. As a result of the selection we will investigate in the possible relationship between the user of ´Buy now, pay later´ together with influential factors linked to the purchasing process. The parallel between primary data and public statistical, connected to the result is also a important variable to include in this thesis. Finally, the result of the survey will be coded through SPSS to clarify the relationship between the variables. Theoretical The theory chapter seeks to provide a picture of the general effects that can perspective: occur on consumers. As a result, the main theory is presented; the purchase decision process, which forms the basis for the investigation. Finally, the study’s model is presented, which shows how the different theoretical parts are connected. Empirical analysis: The result consists of a total of 497 responses, 338 women and 115 men, with a dropout of 30 percent. After the dropouts, 346 responses were approved. All of the respondents are familiar with the payment method “buy now, pay later”. Afterwards we used the program SPSS to develop several significant relationships. The results and relationships have been discussed based on the study's purpose and theoretical framework. Conclusions: The study's results indicate that the use of the payment method ‘Buy Now, Pay Later’ is driven by the individual's social needs. The study's survey results indicate that social and personal factors are playing a leading role, while psychological and cultural influences are significantly less influential in the consumer's buying decision. Furthermore, results show that confidence in ‘Buy Now, Pay Later’ in the form of payment provider has an impact on the consumer's purchasing decision process. Finally, the survey results in connection with the secondary data collected may indicate that free invoice is a leading modern payment in Swedish e-commerce.

Syfte: Syftet med denna studie har varit att utforska och skapa ökad förståelse hur konsumenternas köpbeslut och efterköpsbeteende kan förändras av att heminredningsföretag inom e-handeln använder Artificiell Intelligens (AI) samt vilka eventuella konsekvenser AI användandet har på konsumenternas förtroende för företagen.  Problembakgrund: Med tanke på e-handelns framfart och att AI ständigt utvecklas är det relevant att ämnet diskuteras. Förtroende för AI skiljer sig mellan de svenska medborgarna samtidigt som implementeringen av AI ökar hos företagen.   Metod: Studien behandlar hur AI påverkar köpbeslut, efterköpsbeteende och förtroende med utgångspunkt i en kvalitativ studie och med en induktiv forskningsansats. Semistrukturerade intervjuer med femton personer genomfördes för att kunna besvara forskningsfrågorna.  Slutsats: Utifrån studiens empiri och analys kunde slutsatser dras att AI påverkar konsumenternas köpbeslut, efterköpsbeteende och förtroende på olika sätt i vardera steg. Detta ger en indikation från studien att företag som använder AI bör se till att det är genomtänkt och välutvecklat. Slutsatsen är att AI i dagsläget inte används av företag på ett tillräckligt utvecklat sätt utifrån dess potentiella kompetens, därav fyller det inte sin fulla funktion och konsumentens förtroende kan antas påverkas mer negativt än positivt. Om AI istället används på ett mer genomtänkt och välutvecklat sätt påverkar det konsumenternas förtroende positivt. / Purpose: The purpose of this study has been to explore and create greater understanding of how consumers' purchase decisions and post-purchase behavior change as a result of interior design companies in e-commerce using Artificial Intelligence (AI) and what possible consequences AI use has on consumers' trust in the companies. Problem background: Considering the progress of e-commerce and that AI is constantly developing, makes the topic relevant to discuss. Trust in AI differs between Swedish citizens, while the implementation of AI is increasing among companies. Method: The study investigates how AI affects purchase decisions, post-purchase behavior and trust based on a qualitative study with an inductive research approach. Semi-structured interviews with fifteen people were conducted in order to answer the research questions. Conclusion: Based on the study's empirical data and analysis, conclusions could be drawn that AI affects consumers' purchase decisions, post-purchase behavior and trust, in different ways at each stage. This gives an indication from the study that companies using AI should ensure that it is well thought out and well developed. The conclusion is that AI is currently not used by companies in a sufficiently developed way based on its potential competence, therefore it does not fulfill its full function and consumer trust can be assumed to be affected more negatively than positively. Instead, customer trust is enhanced when AI is applied in a well thought out and well developed manner.

Besitęsianti rinkų globalizacija ir auganti konkurencija globaliu mastu verčia tarptautines įmones keisti savo strategijas – rinktis globalius prekių ženklus. Skirtingose šalyse vartotojai gali skirtingai suvokti globalius prekių ženklus. O nuo to, kaip prekės ženklą vartotojas suvokia, priklauso jo sprendimas – pirkti ar nepirkti. Taigi svarbu išsiaiškinti, kokia yra prekės ženklo globalumo suvokimo įtaka vartotojų sprendimui pirkti globalų prekės ženklą. Darbo tikslas – išanalizavus prekės ženklo globalumo suvokimo įtakos vartotojų sprendimui pirkti teorinius aspektus, pasiūlyti ir empiriškai patikrinti prekės ženklo globalumo suvokimo ir vartotojų elgsenos sąsajų modelį. Darbo uždaviniai: aptarti rinkų globalizaciją ir jos poveikį globaliems prekių ženklams; apibūdinus suvokimo sąvoką vartotojų elgsenoje, pristatyti prekės ženklo globalumo suvokimo ir globalaus prekės ženklo suvokimo konceptus bei pateikti prekės ženklo globalumo suvokimą formuojančius veiksnius; atskleisti prekės ženklo globalumo suvokimo ir vartotojų sprendimo pirkti sąsajas; parengti teorinį prekės ženklo globalumo suvokimo ir vartotojų sprendimo pirkti sąsajų modelį; atlikti prekės ženklo globalumo suvokimo įtakos vartotojų sprendimui pirkti tyrimą ir empiriškai patikrinti teorinį modelį. Tyrimo metodai: mokslinės literatūros analizė, fokusuota (focus) grupė ir anketinė apklausa. Empirinis tyrimas parodė, kad prekės ženklo globalumo suvokimo įtaka vartotojų sprendimui pirkti netiesiogiai pasireiškia... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The continuing globalization of markets and growth of competition on a global scale has driven many multinational firms to alter their strategies and choose strategies of global brands. Consumers can differently perceive global brands in different countries. The perceived brand globalness influence consumer buying decision (buy or not to buy). It is important to understand what influence perceived brand globalness has on consumers buying decision. The aim of this work is to analyse theoretical aspects of perceived brand globalness influence on consumer buying decision; introduce and empirically test model of links of perceived brand globalness and consumer buying decision. The main tasks of this work is to review literature about the globalization and global brands, concepts of perceived brand globalness and perceived global brands, links between perceived brand globalness and consumer buying decision, and investigate the influence of perceived brand globalness on Kaunas high schools student’s to buy global brands. Methodology: literature review, focus group and questionnaire. The findings showed significant influence of perceived global brand quality, modernity and price on consumer buying decision. Also there is significant influence of two moderators (product category and consumer characteristics) on consumer buying decision.

The customer journey is a re-submerged subject which has become increasingly relevant. The focus derives from the increased focus on customer experience as touch points are increasing as well as becoming more accessible. This is creating problems for companies to allocate their resources in marketing. Previous literature on customer journeys are also limited, mostly originating from research on customer experience. This motivates research within the field with the purpose of exploring the customer journey and connected phenomena.    The basis of this thesis was the customer journey which derives from customer experience. Further, the theoretical framework presents theories about customer experience, consumer buying decisions, customer journey and its touch points. The theoretical framework also presents two conceptual models concerning customer journey and customer experience. Focus was here on exploring the formulation of the customer journey, its steps and components. But also, on investigating how customer experiences affects customer journeys. This thesis had a qualitative research strategy and empirical material was collected through interviews. The empirical findings and the analysis resulted in several conclusions as this was an exploratory study. Reason for use of route, use of different touch points, customer experience impact and were found. Furthermore, the customer journey itself was identified as a reason for conducting a purchase. The result of this thesis might help companies allocate their resources more efficiently between touch points. As well as understanding how to create positive customer experience and the importance of it.

Bakgrund: Studien har undersökt hur köpbeslutsprocessen och det fysiska mötet ser ut i bilhandeln samt om det finns skillnader mellan hur kvinnor och män upplever köpbeslutsprocessen inom bilhandeln. Studiens ämne valdes på grund av att det gjorts tidigare studier inom bilhandeln gällande köpbeslutsprocessen, men att det finns en brist sedan det digitala mötet kom in i bilden. Det har även genomförts flera studier om skillnader mellan mäns och kvinnors skillnader i köpbeteende, men det finns inga som studerar om skillnaderna ser likadana ut i bilbranschen. Forskningsfråga: Studiens huvudfråga lyder: Hur interagerar bilhandeln med kunden i köpbeslutsprocessen genom det fysiska säljmötet för att det ska leda till försäljning av bil? Studiens underfråga lyder: Skiljer sig bilköp åt för män och kvinnor och i sådana fall på vilket sätt? Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur bilhandeln kan arbeta vid köpbeslutsprocessen i förhållande till det fysiska säljmötet och vad som gör att kunden genomför ett köp av bil.Vidare är syftet att studera om det finns några skillnader mellan män och kvinnor vid köpet av bil och om det finns, på vilket sätt skiljer de sig. Metod: Den här studien har en kvalitativ undersökningsmetod och ett abduktivt angreppssätt. Resultatet i studien bygger på 12 semistrukturerade intervjuer med respondenter spridda över Sverige. Slutsats: Studien har visat att köpbeslutsprocessen är oförändrad, i sin struktur, av den digitala närvaron. Däremot ser det fysiska mötet annorlunda ut då säljaren behöver inleda med att ta reda på hur långt kunden kommit i sin köpbeslutsprocess. Studiens underfråga har medfört resultat som visar att kvinnors och mäns evolutionära roller byter plats inom bilindustrin då det är män som uppskattar att handla mer hedonistiskt och kvinnor mer funktionellt. / Background: The study has examined how the buying decision process and the physical meeting work in car sales and whether there are differences between how women and men experience the buying decision process in the industry. The subject of the study was chosen due to the fact that there are previous studies in car sales regarding the buying decision process, but that there has been a shortage since the digital meeting came into the picture. There have also been several studies on differences in buying behaviour between men and women, but there are no studies regarding whether the differences look the same in the car industry. Research question: The main question of the study is: How does the car sales interact with the customers in the buying decision process through the physical sales meeting in order for it to lead to sales of a car? The study´s sub question reads: Do car purchase differ for men and women, and in such a case how? Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate how car sales can work in the buying decision process in relation to the physical sales meeting and what makes the customer to purchase a car. Furthermore, the aim is to study whether there are any differences between men and women in the purchase of a car and, if there is, how they differ. Method: This study has applied a qualitative method and abductive approach. The results of the study are based on 12 semi-structured interviews with respondents spread across Sweden. Conclusion: The study has shown that the buying decision process is unchanged, in its structure, of the digital presence. However, the physical meeting looks different as the seller needs to start by finding out how far the customer has come in the buying decision process. The study's sub question has resulted in results that show that women and men's evolutionary roles change places in the automotive industry as it is the men who appreciate to buy more hedonic and women more functionally.