Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:36:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 10319783 bytes, checksum: 6078f95095f94cbeca76282ad5bf6ca7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work is presented as a contribution to the field of design of digital systems integrated on chips (SoCs). Its main focus is to develop and deploy a (new) conceptual framework for the implementation of digital integrated circuits, with a strong emphasis on project management, called LASICProcess. As a natural consequence of the work and serving as a proof of concept, is presented a web application that implements the proposed framework. Among other aspects, it presents a description of the inclusion of a formal project management layer in the digital integrated circuits design flow used by the toolset of open and free software: the Alliance CAD System. The application, which carries the same name as the framework, allows the use of these tools remotely (without the need to install any software on the client side), provides total isolation of the corporate environment with respect to the user interface and was born with a strong vocation to become a powerful resource for collaborative work and even the distance training of human resources for the design of digital integrated circuits. Special care has been devoted to showing that the set of tools used, although being developed and used primarily in academia, provides support to all disciplines addressed and required by commercial and industrial environments for corresponding tasks, as well as to the possibility of (re) configuration of the proposed environment, in order to exchange all or part of the tools ALLIANCE by its equivalent from another provider. / Este trabalho é apresentado como uma contribuição para a área de projetos de sistemas digitais integrados em chips (SoCs). Seu foco principal é desenvolver e implantar um (novo) framework conceitual para a implementação de circuitos integrados digitais, com forte ênfase no gerenciamento de projetos, chamado LASICProcess. Como consequência natural do trabalho e servindo como prova de conceito, é apresentada uma aplicação web que implementa o framework proposto. Entre outros aspectos, ele apresenta a descrição da inclusão de uma camada formal de gestão de projetos no Fluxo de projeto de circuitos integrados utilizado pelo conjunto de ferramentas do Alliance CAD System, de software aberto e livre. A aplicação, que leva o mesmo nome do framework, permite a utilização dessas ferramentas remotamente (sem a necessidade de instalação de nenhum software do lado cliente), provê isolação total do ambiente corporativo com relação à interface do usuário e nasceu com forte vocação para se tornar um potente recurso de trabalho colaborativo e mesmo de formação a distância de recursos humanos para o projeto de circuitos integrados digitais . Especial cuidado foi dedicado à demonstração de que o conjunto de ferramentas utilizado, embora sendo desenvolvido e utilizado principalmente em meio acadêmico, provê suporte a todas as disciplinas contempladas e exigidas pelos ambientes industriais e comerciais para tarefas correspondentes, assim como à possibilidade de (re)configuração do ambiente proposto, para troca total ou parcial das ferramentas ALLIANCE por suas equivalentes de outro provedor.

Nach einem 10 bis 15 Jahre dauernden Lebenszyklus besteht die Notwendigkeit große IT-Systeme durch eine neue Generation zu ersetzen. Dabei ist es vom Aufwand her unwesentlich, ob es sich um einen Generationswechsel des gleichen Herstellers handelt oder um die vergleichbare Lösung eines anderen Herstellers. Im beschriebenen Fall hat sich die Daimler AG im November 2010 entschieden auf ein anderes CAD-System zu wechseln und die Migration bis Ende 2016 abzuschließen. Der Beitrag zeigt die Vorgehensweise der Umstellung unter fünf Aspekten: — Anwendungsmethodik inkl. Datenarchivierung — Datenmigration — Use-Case-Absicherung — Rolloutplanung — Schulungskonzept

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-12-01T14:33:08Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação_Kamila_Queiroz.pdf: 2031256 bytes, checksum: 11934292ef99e7d010a7bdd8c3309096 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-01T14:33:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação_Kamila_Queiroz.pdf: 2031256 bytes, checksum: 11934292ef99e7d010a7bdd8c3309096 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-19 / CNPQ / A inspeção termográfica tem emergido como um método potencial para melhorar a eficiência da detecção precoce do câncer de mama. A técnica não utiliza radiação ionizante e possui a vantagem de facilitar a realização de exames de mama em homens e detectar alterações nas mamas de mulheres mais jovens. Sistemas de diagnóstico auxiliado por computador (CAD) são métodos importantes no subsídio à decisão médica e são usados para melhorar a consistência da interpretação das imagens. Normalmente, estes sistemas são associados a interfaces gráficas para facilitar o trabalho dos usuários e tornar o programa desenvolvido acessível a pesquisadores e/ou médicos ligados à área. O objetivo desta dissertação é desenvolver uma interface gráfica de usuário (GUI – Graphical User Interface) prática e que possibilite a detecção de anormalidades a partir de termogramas de mamas. Para isto foram implementados sistemas de CAD baseados em classificadores estatísticos, além de análises relacionadas ao quantitativo de casos clínicos e sua relação com a idade das pacientes. As regiões de interesse foram segmentadas tanto de forma semiautomática quanto de forma automática, as quais estão associadas, respectivamente, ao classificador SVM (Support Vector Machine) e ao classificador baseado na distância de Mahalanobis. Com o intuito de identificaras anormalidades das mamas, participaram noventa e oito pacientes do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, as quais serviram para construir a base de dados para a classificação individual de determinada paciente. A eficácia da classificação para esta amostra foi medida através da sensibilidade e da especificidade ao grupo Maligno, e das taxas de acerto das classes Benigno, Cisto e Normal. A GUI desenvolvida foi avaliada através do estudo das imagens termográficas de cinco pacientes pertencentes às diferentes classes. No presente trabalho, apresentam-se resultados para o classificador Mahalanobis e para o classificador SVM, além de suas variações. / The infrared thermography has emerged as a potential method to improve the efficiency of the early detection of the breast cancer. This technique does not use ionizing radiation and is also suitable to breast screening in men, as well as is able to detect changes in the younger women’s breasts. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems are important to medical decision and are used to improve image interpretation. Typically, these systems are associated with graphical interfaces to facilitate users’ work. Furthermore the developed framework can be an important tool (GUI - Graphical User Interface) for the people interested in breast abnormalities detection. In the sense, the CAD systems were implemented based on statistical classifiers. Some statistical analyses associated to quantitative clinical cases were performed. The relation to patients’ age was also analyzed. The regions of interest were segmented in automatic and semiautomatic manners, which are respectively associated with the SVM (Support Vector Machine) classifier and the Mahalanobis classifier. Ninety eight patients images from the Hospital das Clínicas (HC) of Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE) participated in the tests. The classification efficiency for this sample was measured using the sensitivity and the specificity to the malignant group, and to the accuracy of classifying the classes: Benign, Cyst and Normal. The GUI created was evaluated through the study of thermographic images of five patients with the different referred classes. In the present work, the results for the Mahalanobis classifier and SVM classifier are presented.

Since the proliferation of CAD tools, visualizations have gained importance.. They provide invaluable visual feedback at the time of design, regardless whether it is fbi civil engineering or electronic circuit design-layout. Typically dynamic visualizations are produced in a two phase process: the calculation of positions and rendering of the image and its presentation as an animated video clip. This is a slow process that is unsuitable fbr interactive CAD visualizations, because the former two require finite element analysis Faster hardware eases the problem, but does not overcome it, because the algorithms are still too slow. Our MEMS CAD project works towards methods and techniques that are suitable for interactive design, with faster methods. The purpose of this PhD thesis is to contribute to the design of an interactive virtual prototyping of Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) This research comprises the analysis of the visualization techniques that are appropriate for these tasks and identifying the difficulties that need to be overcome to be able to offer a MEMS design engineer a meaningful and interactive CAD design environment Such a VR-CAD system is being built in our research group with many participants in the team. Two particular problems are being addressed by presenting algorithms for truthful VR visualization methods: one is for displaying objects that are different in size on the computer screen. The other is modelling unsynchronized motion dynamics, that is different objects moving simultaneously at very high and vety low speed, by proposing stroboscopic simulation to present their dynamics on the screen They require specific size scaling and time scaling and filtering. It is these issues and challenges which make the design of a MEMS CAD tool different from other CAD tools. In the thesis I present algorithms for displaying animated virtual reality for MEMS virtual prototyping in a physically truthful way by using the simulated stroboscopic illumination to filter animated images to make it possible to show unsynchronized motion.. A scaling method was used to show or hide objects which cannot be shown simultaneously on the computer screen because of their large difference in size. The visualization of objects being designed and their animations is done with much consideration of visual perception and computer capability, which is rising attention, but not too often mentioned in the visualization domain.

<p>The recent development of Virtual Reality technology, researchers are looking more into changing the way Virtual Reality is used in our daily lives in order to increase our productivity. One such application is the mapping of 3D spatial graphics in Computer Aided Design engineering where practitioners have been historically working on 3D models in a two dimensional environment. Researchers in Computer Graphics have proposed Virtual Reality as a more effective medium for CAD packages. This thesis carries out a user study to test whether or not 3D VR environments are more effective in relaying information to the users as compared to two dimensional displays such as computer screens by conducting a study to determine how users navigate and interact with complex CAD objects in the two different environments. The two environments make use of stereoscopic vision and monoscopic vision in order to compare the efficiency with which volunteers are able to notice subtle differences in objects. The motivation for this study stems from the fact that CAD in VR is largely an underdeveloped topic and the result of such a study could form a baseline and advocate for further research and development in this domain. The research question being addressed is “Does CAD in a three-dimensional Virtual Reality Environment(stereoscopic) allow for better understanding of shapes of complex assemblies as compared to CAD on two-dimensional (monoscopic) computer screens?” The findings of this study suggest that rather than just the display technique the kind of movements which objects undergo also contributes to the way users perceive the objects in 3D vs 2D spaces and uncover a set of directions which would be recommended for similar studies in the future.</p><div><br></div>

Use of multi-detector CT in lung cancer screening has the potential to detect smaller lung nodules with improved sensitivity. In this study the development of a Computer Aided Detection (CAD) system for lung nodules is reported. A combination of two segmentation approaches is used, to segment lung regions. Following segmentation, a selective enhancement filter is applied for ''initial'' identification of nodule seed points in lung regions. Candidate lung nodule regions were delineated with the use of a region growing algorithm, with thresholds provided by minimum error thresholding. False positive regions were subsequently removed using two Support Vector Machines (SVM) classifiers in cascade, utilizing a set of 6 morphological features extracted from corresponding nodule candidate regions of the enhanced and the original images. The proposed automated scheme was tested on a reference dataset of 21 cases provided by the Lung Imaging Database Consortium. System performance on a case and slice basis provided sensitivities of 91% and 81% respectively, both with an average of 5 FPs per slice. Further analysis of the slice dataset with respect to size, contrast and location of nodules provided sensitivities of 81%, 83% and 85% for nodules of small size, low contrast and near pleura. This CAD scheme may be a useful tool in assisting radiologists in lung nodule detection. / Χρήση υπολογιστικής αξονικής τομογραφίας με πολλαπλών ανιχνευτών στον πληθυσμιακό έλεγχο καρκίνου το πνεύμονα αναμένεται να συμβάλει θετικά λόγω της ικανότητας της να ανιχνεύει οζίδια του πνεύμονα μικρού μεγέθους με αυξημένη ευαισθησία. Σε αυτή την μελέτη περιγράφεται η ανάπτυξη συστήματος αυτόματης ανίχνευσης οζιδίων του πνεύμονα, με στόχο την αύξηση της ευαισθησίας σε πολυτομική αξονική τομογραφία. Το σύστημα ανίχνευσης οζιδίων αποτελείται από τρία στάδια, το στάδιο της τμηματοποίησης των πνευμονικών πεδίων, την αναγνώριση των αρχικών υποψηφίων περιοχών και τέλος την μείωση των ψευδώς θετικών ενδείξεων. Η τμηματοποίηση των πνευμονικών πεδίων πραγματοποιήθηκε με τον συνδυασμό δύο αυτόματων τεχνικών τμηματοποίησης. Στην συνέχεια ένα επιλεκτικό ενισχυτικό φίλτρο εφαρμόζεται στην περιοχή των πνευμονικών πεδίων, για την ανίχνευση τον αρχικών υποψηφίων οζιδίων και τον συντεταγμένων τους. Τα όρια των υποψήφιων οζιδίων καθορίστηκαν με την βοήθεια ενός αλγορίθμου οριοθέτησης περιοχής με τις σταθερές κατωφλιού να υπολογίζονται αυτόματα βάση τις τεχνικής που προτάθηκε από τον Kittler et al. Η μείωση των ψευδώς θετικών ενδείξεων πραγματοποιήθηκε με την εφαρμογή δύο ταξινομητών Support Vector Machines (SVM) σε σειρά, οι οποίοι χρησιμοποίησαν 6 μορφολογικά χαρακτηριστικά τα οποία υπολογίστηκαν από τις περιοχές των υποψηφίων οζιδίων στην ενισχυμένη αλλά και στην αρχική εικόνα. Το σύστημα το οποίο παρουσιάζεται σε αυτή την εργασία εφαρμόστηκε και δοκιμάστηκε σε βάση δεδομένων αναφοράς η οποία περιλαμβάνει 21 εξετάσεις, την οποία τις παρέχει το Lung Imaging Database Consortium ((LIDC). Η απόδοση του συστήματος σε επίπεδο εξέτασης και επίπεδο τομής ήταν αντίστοιχα 91% και 81% με 5 ψευδώς θετικές ενδείξεις αντίστοιχα. Περαιτέρω ανάλυση βάση του μεγέθους, αντίθεσης και θέσης των οζιδίων απέδωσε ευαισθησίες 81%, 83% και 85% για οζίδια μικρού μεγέθους, χαμηλής αντίθεσης και οζίδια που βρίσκονται στον υπεζοκότα. Το προτεινόμενο σύστημα μπορεί να αποδειχθεί χρήσιμο εργαλείο υποβοήθησης ανάγνωσης οζιδίων σε πολυτομική αξονική τομογραφία για τους ακτινολόγους.

[pt] O Homem constrói estradas desde a Antigüidade. A técnica de projeto utilizada nos dias de hoje é resultado de um longo caminho de aperfeiçoamento que culminou em uma metodologia que procura atingir os melhores índices técnicos ao menor custo de execução possível. Pode-se dizer que esta tecnologia está bem definida desde o início da década de 40. Por sua vez, esta metodologia para ser otimizada requer uma quantidade enorme de cálculos que só podem ser feitos em tempo hábil com a ajuda de um computador. O trabalho a seguir é uma tentativa de se fazer uma aplicação para auxiliar o projetista na tarefa de projeto geométrico de estradas simplesmente implementando uma técnica consagrada há mais de 50 anos. / [en] Mankind has built roads since antiquity. The road planing techniques used today have been obtained throughout improvements which culminated with a methodology that seeks to combine best technical indexes with the lowest possible execution costs. One can say that this technology has been established since the early forties. However, to be optimized, this methodology requires a whole lot of calculation, that can only be afforded with the aid of computers. The research that follows is a system application with the purpose of making the task of road designing easier, by simply implementing techniques that have been known for over 50 years. / [es] El hombre construye carreteras desde la Antigüedad. La técnica de proyecto utilizada hoy em día es resultado de un largo camino de perfeccionamiento que culminó en una metodología que intenta alcanzar los mejores índices técnicos al menor costo de ejecución posible. Se puede decir que esta tecnología está bien definida desde el início de la década de 40. Por outra parte, esta metodología para ser optimizada requiere una cantidad enorme de cálculos que solo pueden ser realizados en tiempo hábil con ayuda de un computador. Este trabajo constituye um intento de realizar una aplicación para auxiliar al projetista en la tarea de proyecto geométrico de carreteras implementando una técnica consagrada há más de 50 años.

No description available.

CAD system is used in the development of a real estate projects since the 1990s. More recently, BIM has been implemented in this task. The aim of this work is to analyze what are the main difficulties to implement BIM in architecture and urban planning offices, offices that develop complementary designs and construction companies in cities of Northeast Brazil. These tools work on modeling of the building and bring a vast amount of information incorporated into the project, which helps in decision-making and minimizing wastes in real estate development. For this, the performance of architecture and urbanism offices, offices that develop complementary designs and construction companies in cities of Northeast was evaluated through structured interviews and documentary research. Interviews with companies in the Southeast, that already use the tool in order to understand the extent of the use of BIM in Brazil were also performed. It was searched the organizational structure, profile of the professionals involved, degree of implementation and the methodology used for the projects development. It´s been included the relationship with the complementary projects and actions were pursued that contribute to the waste reduction. It was found that there is strength in the adoption of BIM software, because who uses it in the projects development, presents the product to customers through CAD. It was also observed that designers, despite identifying some wastes in the development of their work, have no knowledge of lean principles, or how they could improve the development of their work. For the companies in the development and construction area, the initial research observed that, despite having knowledge of the lean construction concepts, also did not adopt the practice to develop their projects with BIM software. Since this is an extensive topic, this research it is restricted to the design and planning stages of the operations studied.It is expected that with a higher charge on the use of BIM by contractors or funding agencies, this resource will be used more often in cities of the Brazilian Northeast. / O sistema CAD é utilizado no desenvolvimento dos projetos de um empreendimento imobiliário desde a década de 1990. Mais recentemente, a tecnologia BIM vem sendo implementada nesta tarefa. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar quais são as maiores dificuldades para se implantar a tecnologia BIM nos escritórios de arquitetura e urbanismo, nos escritórios que desenvolvem projetos complementares e nas empresas construtoras, em cidades do Nordeste do Brasil. Estas ferramentas trabalham com modelagem do edifício e trazem uma vasta quantidade de informações incorporadas ao projeto, o que auxilia no processo de decisão e na minimização das perdas no desenvolvimento de empreendimentos imobiliários. Para isto, foi avaliada a atuação de escritórios de arquitetura e urbanismo, de escritórios de projetos complementares e empresas incorporadoras e construtoras em cidades do Nordeste, por meio de entrevistas estruturadas e pesquisa documental. Também foram realizadas entrevistas com empresas do Sudeste que já utilizam a ferramenta, a fim de se entender a extensão do uso do BIM no Brasil. Pesquisouse estrutura organizacional, perfil dos profissionais envolvidos, grau de implantação e metodologia usada para o desenvolvimento de projetos. Incluiu-se a relação com os projetos complementares e foram buscadas as ações que contribuírem para a redução de perdas. Verificou-se que existe resistência na adoção de softwares BIM, pois quem o utiliza no desenvolvimento dos projetos, apresenta o produto aos clientes por meio do CAD. Observou-se ainda que os projetistas, apesar de identificarem algumas perdas no desenvolvimento de seus trabalhos, não têm conhecimento dos princípios enxutos, nem de como eles poderiam melhorar o desenvolvimento de seus trabalhos. Quanto às empresas da área de incorporação e construção, nas pesquisas iniciais, foi observado que, apesar de terem conhecimento dos conceitos da construção enxuta, também não adotaram a prática de desenvolver seus empreendimentos com softwares BIM. Por se tratar de um tema extenso, este trabalho se restringe às fases de projeto e planejamento dos empreendimentos estudados. Espera-se que, havendo uma maior cobrança sobre o uso do BIM pelos contratantes ou órgãos financiadores, este recurso será utilizado mais frequentemente em cidades do Nordeste brasileiro.

The design of VLSI electronic circuits can be achieved at many different abstraction levels starting from system behavior to the most detailed, physical layout level. As the number of transistors in VLSI circuits is increasing, the complexity of the design is also increasing, and it is now beyond human ability to manage. Hence CAD (Computer Aided design) or EDA (Electronic Design Automation) tools are involved in the design. EDA or CAD tools automate the design, verification and testing of these VLSI circuits. In today’s market, there are many EDA tools available. However, they are very expensive and require high-performance platforms. One of the key challenges today is to select appropriate CAD or EDA tools which are open-source for academic purposes. This thesis provides a detailed examination of an open-source EDA tool called Electric VLSI Design system. An excellent and efficient CAD tool useful for students and teachers to implement ideas by modifying the source code, Electric fulfills these requirements. This thesis' primary objective is to explain the Electric software features and architecture and to provide various digital and analog designs that are implemented by this software for educational purposes. Since the choice of an EDA tool is based on the efficiency and functions that it can provide, this thesis explains all the analysis and synthesis tools that electric provides and how efficient they are. Hence, this thesis is of benefit for students and teachers that choose Electric as their open-source EDA tool for educational purposes.