Wetland park is developed and beginning revitalized in the field of the park and green land, there are more and more trends particularly to apply to the coastal area of the west of our country, seeing that the expectation that the land uses is ardent , a lot of planning units and undertook business are beginning to be exposed to such a new park concept gradually, But to originally storing in the production of the economic worth and activity in the wetland is not clear and bright, so that the deviation promptly in the initial stage of planning , and the collection of the environment data does not really perfect, soon careless entry the detail design, or construct directly. How to take the rational planning procedure and overall self-criticism of wetland under the situation of different in unit's technological quality of planning, it is undoubtedly a topic that is worth studying! The planning way and quality of the wetland park in Taiwan are different, and the goal is inconsistent, the local government organization and planning units play important roles on wetland park decision making, and often have great influence in the final planning achievement. However, whether members of the leading wetland park project have a professional background or master in the relevant field? For wetland ecology, planning and design, land suitable are analysis, even is people's demand considered? And how to operate integrated land planning and management, I'm afraid that also remains to be discussed. So, with the collection of the wetland park cases, and find out about the characteristic of the domestic wetland environment, including the natural and humane condition discussion, and preliminary draw up a set of planning factors of wetlands park, it is eight module groups altogether, to go deep into the environmental topic , ecological spatial distribution, research of planning methods, the investigation of historical changes, self-criticism of the application aspect, tools using, theory and in the understanding of community participation, in order to adjust the direction of wetland park planning further , let the wetland park have rationality even more. The planning module groups of the wetland park is probing into how rational the planning content of wetland park, This text takes river bank park of area in Xingren of Chia-yi city as an example, use overlap analysis and module groups to probe into the rationality of its planning content, finally put forward the integrated management strategies for the reference in the follow-up management operation. But does not judge the quality of the park according to that, expect that can give consideration to the human demand and bio-diversity conservation in the planning of the wetland park in the future.

Chitinases have been shown to be potential agents for biological control of the plant diseases caused by various phytopathogenic fungi and insect pests, because fungal cell walls and insect exoskeletons contain chitin as a major structural component. Chitinase has also been found to increase the efficacy and potency of Bacillus thuringiensis crystal (Cry) proteins toxic to larvae of insect pests. The reason of this synergy is the presence of chitin in the structure of the outer membrane of larval midgut. In this study, the gene encoding chitinase A (chiA) from Serratia marcescens Bn10, a local isolate of Trabzon province was amplified by PCR and cloned into the E.coli/Bacillus shuttle vectors, pNW33N and pHT315. For the expression in B. thuringiensis, the promoter region of cry3Aa11 gene of B. thuringiensis Mm2 was placed at the upstream of chiA. The vectors carrying both chiA and promoter site of cry3Aa11 was first introduced into E. coli and then into Bacillus subtilis 168 which were used as intermediate hosts in this study. pHT315PC carying chiA was then introduced into Coleoptera-specific B. thuringiensis cells (strain 3023) and the specific chitinase activity of the recombinant B. thuringiensis was measured as 5056 U/min/mg which was 6.3 fold higher than that of the parental strain. The specific activity corresponded to about one third of that produced by S. marcescens Bn10. The chiA gene was next sequenced and characterized. The sequence was submitted to GeneBank (Accession No. DQ165083). Chitinase A of S. marcescens Bn10 was found to be a 563 residue protein with a calculated molecular mass of 60.9 kDa. The mean G+C content of the gene is 58.75%. The deduced amino acid sequence was 99.3&ndash / 91.5% identical to those of known chitinases from S. marcescens, Burkholderia cepacia and Enterobacter sp. It was found that the chitinase of S. marcescens Bn10 has six amino acids difference from the consensus sequence of aligned chitinases. The production of chitinase by the local isolate S. marcescens Bn10 in different cultural conditions was also investigated. Optimum temperature and pH for chitinase production was found to be 30 oC and 7.5, respectively. Varying the concentration of colloidal chitin and the inclusion of NAG into the medium had no effect on chitinase production. The effect of different parameters such as temperature, pH, substrate concentration and certain inhibitory elements on enzyme activity were next assayed. The highest activity was obtained at 45 oC and in a pH range of 4.0 to 9.0. Activity of chitinase increased with increasing substrate concentration up to 35 mg/mL. Ca2+, Co2+, Cu2+, EDTA, Fe2+, Mg2+, Mn2+ and Zn2+ were tested for their effects on the activity of enzyme. The enzyme was inhibited by only 4% in the presence of 10 mM EDTA, whereas 10 mM Co2+ included in the assay mixture increased the activity by 20%.

El presente plan de negocio consiste en evaluar la factibilidad para la comercialización de productos orgánicos de la marca {DE GUSTE} en el mercado local (Perú). En este contexto, se plantea la constitución de la empresa Comercializadora Los Andes SAC, como una oportunidad de negocio, para inicialmente comercializar de manera exclusiva en el mercado peruano, los productos orgánicos de la marca {DE GUSTE}, los cuales son producidos por la empresa peruana De Guste Group SAC líder en el mercado de procesamiento y exportación de granos andinos como la Quinua, Kiwicha, Cañihua y Chia, así como superfoods 100% orgánicos. La cercana relación entre los socios de Comercializadora Los Andes y la empresa De Guste Group ha hecho posible la negociación de la comercialización y distribución exclusiva de los productos de la marca {DE GUSTE} en el mercado peruano por parte de Comercializadora Los Andes, empresa liderada por socios y/o accionistas con diferentes formaciones y experiencia en diversos campos y sectores de la industria, permitiendo así cubrir las necesidades del área comercial, operaciones, administración y recursos humanos, facilitando el camino para llegar a mejores resultados con una labor conjunta. La ventaja competitiva de Comercializadora Los Andes es ofrecer productos orgánicos certificados tales como granos andinos, así como sus derivados, caracterizados por contar con garantía de calidad avalada por los sellos internacionales (BRC, HACCP, KOSHER, ORGANICOS EU, NOP, JAS, BIOSUISSE, COR, GLUTEN FREE) con los que cuentan los productos de la marca {DE GUSTE}, Para comprender mejor el mercado y al consumidor, se ha realizado un estudio en las tres principales regiones, según las condiciones económicas y sociales del Perú (Lima, Arequipa, Moquegua), el cual nos reveló la disposición cada vez mayor de compra de alimentos orgánicos. Asimismo, el estudio realizado ayudó también a definir el perfil de cliente objetivo final. Inicialmente se ha previsto como objetivo capitalizar como clientes a los principales operadores de supermercados (distribución masiva), mayoristas de productos, tiendas orgánicas, hoteles y restaurantes de las ciudades ubicadas dentro de las regiones antes seleccionadas, ubicadas dentro de las regiones antes seleccionadas. Asimismo, para como estrategia de fidelización de clientes se mantendrán comunicaciones constantes con la finalidad de asegurar y recibir la retroalimentación de su satisfacción y se proporcionará servicios de comercialización personalizados en base a sus patrones de compra identificados. Para la puesta en marcha de la empresa, se tendrá la necesidad de implementar instalaciones (oficinas de ventas, almacenes), así como equipos, maquinaria (montacargas, elevadores) y vehículos para el transporte y distribución. La inversión inicial requerida es de S/. 3,099,257.96, y la proyección de venta es de S/. 10,192,003.89 soles para el primer año, con una tasa de crecimiento anual de ventas del 6%. Finalmente, luego de realizado el análisis financiero se concluye que el plan de negocio es rentable para los accionistas pues aparte de recuperar la inversión en 3.11 años y obtener rentabilidad demostrada con la tasa interna de retorno económica (TIRE) de 32.13% y la tasa de retorno financiera (TIRF) de 39.42%, agrega valor en S/. 1,346,461.91 para el caso del VAN Económico y S/. 1,310,620.86 en el caso del VAN Financiero, (para ambos casos se consideró una tasa esperada de rentabilidad para el accionista del 19%). / Trabajo de investigación

Influenser från hela världen påverkar livsmedelsindustrin och användandet av fröer har ökat kraftigt de senaste åren. Idag används endast ett begränsat antal fröer inom bageriindustrin men ett intresse finns av att finna alternativa fröer som kan bidra med sina egenskaper till bröd. Syftet med det här examensarbetet är att undersöka amarant, bovete, chia, hirs och quinoa, för att se vad de kan bidra med för näringsmässiga och sensoriska egenskaper till bröd. Examensarbetet utförs vid Pågen AB. Genom en mindre litteraturstudie och ett antal bakningsförsök med efterföljande analyser av volym, inkråm, textur och vattenhalt, kartläggs fröernas närings- och bakningsegenskaper. Sensoriska analyser görs även för att undersöka dessa egenskaper hos varje frö. Av de studerade fröerna valdes chia, bovete och quinoa ut för vidare bakningsförsök. Chia och bovete valdes ut bland annat på grund av de goda resultaten från de sensoriska analyserna och försöken visade att båda fröerna fungerar bra i olika bröd, i olika mängder. Quinoas bittra smak och lukt var svår att få bort men minskade när fröet användes som dekor. Även chia och krossat bovete passade bra som dekor på bröd. Försöken visar på att det finns spännande alternativa fröer som kan bidra med mycket både när det gäller näring och smak till bröd. Vidare försök med olika brödrecept och varierade frömängder krävs för att se hur väl fröerna skulle fungera i storskaliga projekt inom bageriindustrin.

La presente investigación titulada “Análisis del perfil del consumidor de chía, linaza y ajonjolí en mujeres de 20 a 65 años en la ciudad de Chiclayo, durante el año 2016”, tuvo como objetivo principal determinar el perfil del consumidor de semillas de chía, linaza y ajonjolí en mujeres de 20 a 65 años de edad, en la ciudad de Chiclayo, que mediante un diseño descriptivo, el cual empleó una encuesta como técnica de recolección de datos, dirigida a 138 mujeres que suelen consumir productos naturales permitió llegar a concluir que el perfil de un consumidor de chía por lo general son madres de entre 25 a 35 años de condición soltera que tienen entre 3 a 4 hijos, además perciben un sueldo menor a 1000 soles mensuales y un sueldo familiar de 1000 a 2999 soles, residiendo en el distrito de Chiclayo, procedente del mismo, presentando educación superior, siendo aceptantes de los precios de dichas semillas en el mercado tradicional ya que este es su punto de compra preferente, y habituadas a un consumo diario, con compras mensuales. Otra de las características generales es que éstas se encuentran influenciadas por la familia recolectando información de las amistades y redes sociales, así como medios televisivos, lo que lleva a preocuparse más por su salud física y verse bien, conociendo las características de cada uno de los productos teniendo una ligera inclinación de preferencia por la chía.

En el mercado peruano actual existe un incremento de consumo de la chía a la par de una no producción de bienes a base de esta semilla, desaprovechando los beneficios a la salud que otorga su alto contenido de Omega-3 y abriéndose así una gran posibilidad de poder implementar una planta de producción de galletas de chía. Empleando el proceso propuesto en la investigación titulada [1]“Elaboración de Galletas con semilla de chía (Salvia hispánica) como alimento funcional con aporte de ácidos grasos omega-3” (Gutierrez 2007) y, manteniendo la calidad durante todo el proceso, se podrá obtener un producto de excelentes condiciones que se podrá almacenar por un periodo de 3 meses. De acuerdo a los cálculos realizados, la capacidad instalada de la planta es de 1 100 384,70 galletas /año; además se sabe, mediante la aplicación del método de factores ponderados, que la planta estará situada dentro de una fracción independizada del U.C. 082622 a la altura del Kilómetro 4,3 de la carretera Lambayeque – Mochumi, antigua Panamericana Norte, entre las unidades catastrales 28216, 082621 y 102161. Finalmente, la evaluación financiera del proyecto se desarrolló con las herramientas propuestas por [2](Sapag Chain 2011), en relación con la construcción de presupuesto de ingresos y egresos a 5 años, con lo que se pudo determinar un Valor Actual Neto (VAN) de S/ 421 989,34 y una tasa interna de retorno (TIR) de 29% el cual es mayor a la tasa de evaluación proporcionada por el banco elegido del 13,7%, todo esto para una inversión de S/ 255 156,17.

The consumption of trans fat is strongly associated to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) by its action on plasma lipids and because they act in an inflammatory processes; besides, vegetable oils are used by population to prevent these kind of disease. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of consuming a high fat diet supplemented with coconut oil, avocado oil and chia oil in inflammatory and metabolic parameters in wistar rats. After seven days in adjustment period, 35 male Wistar rats received a standard diet for 45 days (TC), hyperlipidemic diet and coconut oil (DHCO), hyperlipidemic diet and avocado oil (DHAB) and hyperlipidemic diet and chia oil (DHCH), by gavage in the amount of 0.8 mL/kg body weight. The diet consumption and serum TG levels were higher in TC. Liver weight was higher in groups DHCO and DHAB, with no statistical difference between groups (p <0.05) considering weight gain, epididymal fat weight and TC, HDL and LDL serum levels. Higher plasma concentrations of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ were found in the groups DHSF, DHCO and DHAB and lower in TC and DHCH groups. The IL-10 was higher in the group DHCH. In the morphometric analysis, the DHCH group showed increase on the cell number and reduction on their cytoplasm area. The intervention on the hyperlipidemic diet consumption with trans fatty acid allowed to observe that the lipid profile is preceded by a systemic inflammatory environment, which is modulated by the omega-3 fatty acid (α-linolenic acid), present in chia oil, which reversed this scene, but does not override the consumption of a balanced diet observed by the TC group. This proves that dietary intervention to prevent CVD must be associated to appropriate choices of lipid intake, maintaining an adequate intake of omega-3, as evidenced in this paper by the decrease of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL -6, TNF-α and IFN-γ) and IL-10 increased, which is considered anti-inflammatory. / O consumo de gordura trans é fortemente associado ao desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) por sua ação sobre os lipídios plasmáticos e por atuarem em processos inflamatórios, sendo que os óleos vegetais são utilizados pela população para a prevenção dessas doenças. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o efeito do consumo de dieta hiperlipídica suplementada com óleo de coco, óleo de abacate e óleo de chia nos parâmetros metabólicos e inflamatórios em ratos wistar. Após sete dias em período de adaptação, 35 ratos wistar machos receberam por 45 dias dieta padrão (TC), dieta hiperlipídica e soro fisiológico (DHSF), dieta hiperlipídica e óleo de coco (DHCO), dieta hiperlipídica e óleo de abacate (DHAB) e dieta hiperlipídica e óleo de chia (DHCH), sendo que os óleos foram ofertados por gavagem na quantidade de 0,8 mL/kg de peso corporal. O consumo da dieta e níveis séricos de TG foram maiores no TC. O peso do fígado foi maior nos grupos DHCO e DHAB, sendo que não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos (p< 0,05) quanto ao ganho de peso, peso de gordura epididimal e níveis séricos de CT, HDL e LDL. Concentrações plasmáticas mais elevadas de IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α e IFN-γ foram encontradas nos grupos DHSF, DHCO e DHAB e as menores nos grupos TC e DHCH. A IL-10 foi maior no grupo DHCH. Na análise morfométrica, o grupo DHCH apresentou aumento do número de células e redução na área do citoplasma das mesmas. A intervenção do consumo de dieta hiperlipídica com ácido graxo trans permitiu observar que a alteração do perfil lipídico é precedida de um ambiente inflamatório sistêmico, o qual é modulado pelo ácido graxo ômega 3 (α-linolênico), presente no óleo de chia, o qual reverteu este quadro, mas não sobrepõe-se ao consumo de uma dieta equilibrada observada pelo grupo TC. Isto comprova que a intervenção dietética para prevenir a ocorrência de DCV deve estar associada a escolhas adequadas da ingestão de lipídios, mantendo um aporte adequado de ácido graxo ômega-3, evidenciado no trabalho pela diminuição das citocinas pró-inflamatórias (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α e IFN-γ) e aumento da IL-10 considerada anti-inflamatória.

Liu Chia-mo (1814-1853), a native of Houguan in Fujian, once served as an educational instructor at Ningde and a school counselor in Taiwan Prefecture during the Daoguang and Hsienfeng reigns of the Ching Dynasty. Owing to a lack of relevant literature and access to his poetry, academics have not come up with any comprehensive study concerning Liu Chia-mo, his works and his social life. Therefore, this research was intended to construct the life story of Liu Chia-mo from the first-hand historical documents including Liu Chia-mo¡¦s works¡X First Draft by Waidingmoa Bridge Recluse, Dungyang Little Grass, Sword Poetry, Wandering Ambition in Crane Pen, Guanhai Chi, Haiyin Shi, Hsieh Chang-ting¡¦s Gambling Chess Villa Collection (Shi, Wen, Tsu, Tsu Words, Notebook), and the recently discovered Gambling Chess Villa Draft, Chang Chi-liang¡¦s Chang Heng-fu Collection, Si-Po-Tzu Hall Poetry, Huang Tsung-yi¡¦s Po-Suo Poetry, and Wei Hsiu-jen¡¦s Hai-Nan-Shan Hall Poetry. This dissertation takes realism in the poetry by Liu Chia-mo as its subject. It will demonstrate his patriotism, concern over the livelihood of civilians and responsibilities and expectations for the world mainly through the textual study of First Draft by Waidingmoa Bridge Recluse, Dungyang Little Grass, Guanhai Chi and Haiyin Shi. The Introduction section consists of a literature review of Liu Chia-mo and the characteristics of his poetry of realism. Chapter One briefly describes Liu Chia-mo¡¦s historical background in the spirit of knowing the person from the world. Chapter Two explores the life of Liu Chia-mo, his publication of poetry and literature, and his literary creativity with aside from his poetry. Chapter Three deals chiefly with First Draft by Waidingmoa Bridge Recluse to study his poetry on the Sino-British Opium War. Chapter Four examines Dungyang Little Grass together with Wandering Ambition in Crane Pen to study the poetry composed during his service as an educational instructor at Ningde. Chapter Five focuses on the discussion of Guanhai Chi and Haiyin Shi, two poetic texts composed by Liu Chia-mo during his service as a school counselor in Taiwan Prefecture that address social issues in the Chinese-dominated Taiwan society during the Daoguang and Hsienfeng reigns as an effort to cure social illness and improve public morality from a perspective of observing customs. An estimated total of 1,100 poems were composed by Liu Chia-mo, whose contents range from the Opium War, Taiwanese social traditions and customs, expressions of praise for matters in painting, landscape description, and family relationships and friendship. Characterized by detailed quotations, occasional dialectal usages and transformation of vulgarity into gracefulness, they are all works that express a love of native land. In its concluding section the paper briefly considers the contents of Liu¡¦s poetry as an effort to deepen the study of Liu Chiao-mo and Taiwanese literature.

Enzo Cucchi--Martin Disler--Sandro Chia--A.R. Penck (Ralph Winkler)--Rolf Winnewisser--Jonathan Borofsky Francesco Clemente--John Baldessari--Eric Fischl. / English and German. Includes bibliographical references.

Three oil crops, chia (Salvia hispanica L.), flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), and castor (Ricinus communis L.), were studied because of their nutritional and industrial values. Chia and flax are rich in an ω3 fatty acid, α-linolenic acid, and castor is a very high oil producer and high in a hydroxy fatty acid. Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and gamma rays were employed to mutagenize chia seeds to produce early flowering mutants. The M1 population was grown and induced to flower by short-day photoperiods. The M2 population was planted in the field in Lexington, KY in 2008. Early flowering plants were found 55 days after planting while non-mutagenized plants did not produce any flower buds until the 7th of October, 82 days after planting, at a daylength of 11 hours and 32 minutes. 0.012% of the EMS-treated M2 population and 0.024% of the gamma radiation-treated population flowered much earlier than the controls. M3 early flowering mutant lines were able to flower at photoperiods of 12-15 hours in a greenhouse. Selected lines produced flower buds on the 7th of July, 47 days after planting, at a daylength of 14 hours and 41 minutes in the field in Lexington, Kentucky. Different varieties of flax were evaluated for seed yield and field performance in Kentucky. Plant height and yield data were collected from three growing seasons. Yields from 2006 trial varied from 368-1,267 kg/ha. Yields from 2007 and 2008 were much lower due to drought. The variety ‘Carter’ gave the highest yield every season. Flax can be grown in Kentucky but yields are low. Two high-yield castor varieties, ‘Carmencita’ and ‘TTU-LRC’, were crossed in greenhouse. The F1 population was grown in the field. Inflorescences were covered to ensure self-pollination. The F2 population showed a high degree of segregation for plant height, stem color, capsule color and seed yield in the following growing season. Data on plant height, number of branches, color, and yield was collected from 89 F2 individuals. Fifteen lines with the highest yield were selected to plant in the field in spring of 2009. New high-yield castor varieties are being developed for production in Kentucky.