Le présent travail s’inscrit dans le regain d’intérêt pour le complexe des chroniques médiévales de l’ordre Teutonique. Afin de mieux cerner les fonctions de l’écriture historiographique au sein de l’Ordre, il fait le choix de s’attacher en particulier à une compilation méconnue de la première moitié du XVe siècle, l’Ancienne Chronique des Grands-Maîtres. Riche d’une tradition manuscrite touffue, la chronique se présente pour l’essentiel comme la mise en prose des œuvres plus célèbres qui l’ont précédée au XIVe siècle. La nouvelle donne politique et militaire qui affecte alors un ordre Teutonique en crise oblige pourtant à s’interroger sur les ressorts et les limites de cette apparente continuité d’un discours historique dont tout par ailleurs paraît attester la caducité. Appuyée sur les outils de la philologie et de la codicologie, l’enquête s’efforce de retracer le cycle de vie d’une compilation, depuis ses « prétextes » du XIVe s. jusqu’à sa réception, en ses manuscrits et au-delà, étudiée jusqu’à 1550 environ. La résurgence historiographique dissimule en réalité un contexte d’écriture nouveau. La chronique est née dans les années 1430 d’un projet éminemment partisan alors que l’Ordre se déchire entre plusieurs factions, mais tire précisément sa force d’avancer masquée, sous la forme d’une chronica nullius. Dès lors, la réception du texte apparaît sous le jour d’un processus de neutralisation progressive d’un manifeste tendancieux. Elle montre aussi que ce précis d’histoire, en dépit de sa large diffusion, échoue in fine à devenir une vulgate historiographique. L’étude est prolongée par une nouvelle édition critique du texte, ambitionnant de remplacer l’édition de 1866 / This PhD aims at giving an insight into the uses of historical writing within the medieval Teutonic Order, whose chronicles have been the focus of a renewed scholarly interest for two decades. It focuses on a little-known compilation dating back to the first half of the 15th century, the Old Chronicle of the Grand Masters. Preserved in many manuscripts, this text reads at first glance as a prose version of more famous masterpieces from the 14th century. The political and military “new deal” a weakened Teutonic Order has to cope with in 15th-century Prussia raises a wide range of questions around this permanence of a historical discourse which was otherwise considered at odds with the real situation of the Order after Tannenberg. Applying the tools of codicology and philology, this work tries to shed light on the complete span of a chronicle’s life, from its “foretexts” to its reception until the middle of the 16th century. As a matter of fact, the apparent revival of an “outdated” historical discourse conceals a wholly modified set of conditions impinging on history writing. The text proves to be a biased manifesto under the guise of an “authorless” unveiling of the true history, and is as such deeply embedded within a context of internal rivalries between “regional” clans within the Order. The further reception of the text therefore needs to be reasserted as a process of step-by-step neutralization. At the same time, the inquiry into the chronicle’s reception shows that the Old Chronicle of the Grand Masters, despite a widespread diffusion, failed to become a historical vulgate of sorts. A new critical edition of the text is given to replace the old edition by Toeppen, flawed with many shortcomings

The thesis is a historical character, therefore it is based on the study of primary sources, i.e., school chronicles and other similar documents, in order to clarify the development of primary school in Výprachtice (Lanškroun district). The methods used will be methods of historical research including methods of oral history. In order to understand the context in which school development takes place, it is necessary to pay attention to: a) geographical and economic development of the region b) history of primary school legislation c) the development of education in the region (in Lanškroun) d) the history of the school in Výprachtice Key words: primary documents (chronicles, school documents, etc.), historical developmet, school development, school legislation, school region

The Construction of Historical Reality in Jean Froissart's Chronicles Jean Froissart, one of the most famous chroniclers of the Middle Ages, is generally recognized for the literary qualities of his work, less so for the credibility of his account. In my research I have endeavoured to follow those scholars whose aim has been to rehabilitate the author by studying him not on the basis of principles which govern our contemporary understanding of history as an academic discipline, but rather on the basis of conceptual movements which conditioned historical writing in the 14th century, taking into account the traditions upon which medieval conception of history was built. Put differently, this work seeks to examine closely the "historical forge" of Jean Froissart. Clearly, Froissart's historical project falls within a specific discourse on historical genres, on relationships between form and truth which an account of deeds is expected to convey, on the manner in which the authority of a story being told is constructed. It is on the very intersection of this context, on the one hand, and the individuality of the author, on the other, that I based my search for the chronicler's perspectives on the writing of history. Froissart was from the outset concerned with the issues of impartiality and credibility...

Thesis maps out the position of the legionnaire regimental chronicles within context of the legionnaire literature as a whole. It attempts to define legionnaire literature as a distinct literary area, to identify unique position of regimental chronicles and to advert its commemorative, propagational and cultural significance. In connection with legionnaire regimental chronicles is also decribed the original background of Austro-Hungarian regimental histories.

The problematics of medieval baths in Prague is very comprehensive, for understanding we have to begin in ancient history spa, the evolution of barber guild and complete hierarchy of this handicraft. In all history are barbers standing on the edge of society, and they tried to change it. Very important role of barbers was they role as healers. Most informations about baths and spa are from illustrations, which shows us also the equipment of public spa. Part of this equipment is also in archeological sources. One of possible public baths could be on the Vltava river bank in Novomlýnská street. Keywords bath; 14th century; 15th century; archaeology; illumination; surgery; Prague; chronicles

[pt] O presente estudo discute o papel das revistas ilustradas no processo de construção da aspiração ao ethos urbano moderno, com o recorte de compreender como essas mídias impressas expressavam e como conformaram uma nova sociedade carioca, nos primeiros anos do século XX. Através da análise de anúncios e crônicas, suportes documentais tradicionalmente estudados da época, busca-se alcançar entendimento sobre como a sociedade assimilou a modernização da Capital Federal, que efeitos produziram as reformas de calçadas e avenidas, novos parques e jardins, além da interação com carros, bondes elétricos, máquinas pesadas, e os modernismos que iam além das de ordem urbana, como os dos costumes dos habitantes do Rio de Janeiro e a própria imagem a ser construída do País. Para o estudo, foram analisadas todas as edições dos seis anos de publicação da revista Kósmos (de 1904 a 1909), apontando acontecimentos da época, por vezes lançando mão da comparação intertextual desse periódico com a narrativa de outros impressos, como a Revista da Semana e a FonFon. A hipótese é que, como janelas para o entendimento da cultura moderna, os flagrantes cotidianos das crônicas e a publicidade trouxeram mais que revelações de como se deu a reconfiguração do espaço público, as novas formas de ver e ser na relação com a modernidade. Com simbologias próprias, auxiliaram na aspiração e construção de um novo valor moral, seu caráter e um novo estilo de vida. / [en] The present study discusses the role of illustrated magazines in the process of building the aspiration to the urban ethos, with the aim of understanding how these printed media expressed and how they shaped a new carioca society in the early years of the 20th century. Through the analysis of advertisements and chronicles, documentary supports traditionally studied at the time, we seek to understand how society assimilated the modernization of the Federal Capital, what effects produced the reforms of sidewalks and avenues, new parks and gardens, in addition to the interaction with cars, electric trams, heavy machinery, and modernisms that went beyond those of an urban nature, such as the customs of the inhabitants of Rio de Janeiro and the very image to be built of the country. For the study, all editions of the six years of publication of the magazine Kósmos (from 1904 to 1909) were analyzed, pointing out events of the time, sometimes making use of the intertextual comparison of this periodical with the narrative of other publications, such as Revista da Semana. and FonFon. The hypothesis is that, as windows for the understanding of modern culture, the daily flagrants of the chronicles and advertising brought more than revelations of how the reconfiguration of public space took place, the new ways of seeing and being in the relationship with modernity. With their own symbologies, they helped in the aspiration and construction of a new moral value, their character and a new style of life.

The author of this study explored the works of C.S. Lewis as well as memoirs and scholarship concerning his work to illustrate his transformational leadership. Works reviewed included Lewis's fiction, such as his science fiction trilogy and his children's series, The Chronicles of Narnia, as well as his works of nonfiction, such as essays that addressed social issues. The secondary aim for the author of this study was to determine whether the transformational qualities Lewis exhibited also existed in his characters. Transformational leadership served as the conceptual framework for the descriptive explanatory qualitative design. Essentially the study analyzed the primary works of Lewis and subsequent scholarship through the lens of transformational leadership. Data collected included document review, interviews with Lewis scholars, and observations. Synthesis of the data revealed that Lewis possessed the 4 qualities of transformational leadership established by Bass (1985). Derived from a blended evaluation of scholarship, observational data, and interview responses, findings indicated that Lewis exhibited the 4 qualities of transformational leadership: Idealized influence, Inspirational Motivation, Intellectual Stimulation, and Individual Consideration. In addition, Lewis created a transformational leader in Aslan from The Chronicles of Narnia and depicted pseudotransformational leadership in both his science fiction trilogy and The Chronicles of Narnia. The author of this study explored a contextual and historical view of Lewis as a veteran of World War I and a voice of hope during World War II. During the period pseudotransformational leadership existed in the reality of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi regime and echoed in the literature of Lewis in the N.I.C.E. organization from the science fiction trilogy and Shift from The Chronicles of Narnia. Recommendations for further study encourage future scholars to expand the roster of transformational leaders to include artists and thinkers and to examine various aspects of Lewis yet needing research.

In this paper, the triple goddess portrayed in Maresi: The Red Abbey Chronicles (2014) by Maria Turtschaninoff is analyzed. The paper discusses the female replacement of the all-male trinity in Maresi and how it can be linked to thealogical rewritings of the Bible. Using feministic theory, an analysis is made about how the Maiden, Mother and Crone in Maresi follow or divert from the traditional female archetypes. The biblical intertextuality in the novel is discussed by connecting it to each aspect of the triple goddess. The result is that Maresi is a rewritten version of the Bible, using biblical events and characters to criticize the patriarchy. Turtschaninoff’s portrait of the Maiden, Mother and Crone diverts from the typical female archetypes. This diversion results in a more complex depiction of the woman in literature.

This thesis examines the relationship between Cold War science fiction fix-up novels and social cycle theory. The study engages with textual, cultural, and comparative analysis to elucidate and analyze links between the fix-up novel format, a cyclical conception of human history, and the Cold War setting of the construction and publication of three SF novels. The objects of this study are three Cold War era fix-up novels with origins in World War II pulp science fiction magazine short stories: The Martian Chronicles by Ray Bradbury, City by Clifford D. Simak, and A Canticle for Leibowitz by Walter M. Miller Jr. The project examines these three novels alongside the reflective nature of the fix-up novel format, the authors' interactions with social cycle theory, and the Cold War cultural considerations of ideological instability and the threat of annihilation. By examining these works through the lens of retroactive continuity, social cycle theory, and the Cold War cultural imaginary, this thesis demonstrates the complex interplay between literature, culture, and history, and the ways in which SF authors have used their works to engage with the pressing concerns of their time. / Master of Arts / The Cold War era novels The Martian Chronicles by Ray Bradbury, City by Clifford D. Simak, and A Canticle for Leibowitz by Walter M. Miller Jr. share origins in pulp science fiction magazine short stories. These authors consolidated and revised previously published short stories to produce these works, known as fix-up novels. These three fix-up novels interact with representations of human progress as cyclical or non-linear. This project examines how the Cold War setting of the authors may have influenced science fiction authors' conceptions of human progress as cyclical. This thesis studies how the revision process of creating fix-up novels combined with the transition from World War II to the societal anxieties of the Cold War may have impacted the cultural messages of these novels.

It is a generally accepted scholarly truth that Shakespeare’s Macbeth was written with the intent of pleasing the newly crowned James I, a few years after his ascension to the English throne in 1603. The main arguments for this claim are, first, Shakespeare’s inclusion of witches—a well-known interest of James’s—and second, the portrayal of Banquo, the fictional ancestor of the House of Stuart. Some recent scholarship has, however, questioned this view, arguing, among other things, that James did not wish to be associated with his Scottish heritage and that witchcraft is not as prominent in Shakespeare’s play as it might have been if pleasing James was his objective. In this paper, I look specifically at the part of the theory of “the royal play” which pertains to the question of the witches and, against the background of this recent research, argue that Shakespeare’s reasons for including witches in his play have less to do with James and more to do with his own interest in human psychology. By analysing the ways in which Shakespeare adapts his sources—the chronicles of Raphael Holinshed and Hector Boece—I argue, first, that Shakespeare is less interested in catering specifically to James’s demonological theories than to make the three women into witches as such. Secondly, I compare the function of prophecy in Macbeth to Greek tragedy and the historical writing of Holinshed and Boece against the sociological theory of George Park and argue that Shakespeare’s purpose in letting witches function as the deliverers of prophecy is to create an element of uncertainty and thus a vantage point from which to explore the psychological complexities of human decision-making and the perils of trusting appearances.