Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-06-30T17:21:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_BIANCA_BARBIERI_COGNATO_COMPLETO.pdf: 2150300 bytes, checksum: 6c0ebf29cb36a3ae7a825cf9c0060dc4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-30T17:21:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_BIANCA_BARBIERI_COGNATO_COMPLETO.pdf: 2150300 bytes, checksum: 6c0ebf29cb36a3ae7a825cf9c0060dc4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-21 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Two nematode species belonging to the Metastrongyloidea superfamily are capable to produce disease in humans: Angiostrongylus cantonensis and Angiostrongylus costaricensis. Both are rodent parasites and human infection is considered accidental. Eosinophilic meningoencephalitis, caused by A. cantonensis, raises concern due to the expanding number of cases and geographical area of occurrence. Molecular and immunological methods for the diagnosis are crucial, however, after many studies with different antigenic molecules, has a specific and sensitive test to discriminate the angiostrongyliasis to others parasitoses is lacking. Cross-reactivity with other helminthes, which may cause similar symptoms, and eosinophilic meningitis, has been a problem for the satisfactory performance of specificity in serological tests. In order to improve the diagnosis of angiostrongyliasis, a comparative analysis of protein recognition from different extracts from A. cantonensis, Toxocara canis, Schistosoma mansoni and Strongyloides stercoralis against positive serum for Angiostrongylus.spp was performed. Through extraction kit, one-dimensional and two-dimensional electrophoresis, western blot and mass spectrometry, 149 proteins were identified. Among these, 34 were exclusive to A. cantonensis, COI being present only in the A. cantonensis extract, having no similarities with any other parasite compared in NCBI (nr database) and WormBase Database. Additionally, nine proteins were recognized by more than one parasite and extract, being important cross reactivity markers in parasitic infections. With the data obtained in this study, we suggest the use of the follow proteins as cross-reactivity markers: Galectin 1, HSPA-5 and Ifa1. In addition, immunogenic proteins of A. cantonensis ES-7, Lec-5 and 14-3-3, were recombinant expressed in two cell types, CHO and HEK. Their potential diagnostic values were verified by uni and bidimensional electrophoresis, western and dot blot, and N-glycosidase F (PNGase F) treatment using serum from patients infected with A. cantonensis, negative serum for parasites, and positive for other parasites. ES7 protein expressed in HEK and CHO cells and Lec-5 expressed in CHO were recognized only by Angiostrongylus-positive serum and not by negative control and specificity control in 2D and 1D tests, respectively. In the 2D analyzes Lec-5 showed a weak recognition with negative serum. However, the 14-3-3 protein didn?t show any specificity against A. cantonensis serum, since it was recognized by all tested sera. Antigen-antibody recognition was found to be dependent on the glycogenic portions, since when treated with N-glycosidase F (PNGase F), recognition between proteins and serum disappeared. The heterologous expression, using mammalian cells, as well as the identification of shared and/or specific molecules, may represent a promising source of antigens for the diagnosis of eosinophilic meningoencephalitis, and molecular diagnostic tests become necessary. / Duas esp?cies de nemat?deos pertencentes a superfam?lia Metastrongyloidea, s?o capazes de produzir doen?a em humanos: Angiostrongylus cantonensis e Angiostrongylus costaricensis. Ambos s?o parasitas pr?prios de roedores e a infec??o humana ? considerada acidental. A meningite eosinof?lica, causada por A. cantonensis, tem gerado preocupa??o na comunidade cient?fica pela expans?o da ?rea geogr?fica de ocorr?ncia. M?todos moleculares e imunol?gicos para o diagn?stico desta infec??o s?o cruciais para o diagn?stico, entretanto, ap?s muitos estudos com diferentes mol?culas antig?nicas, at? hoje n?o foi desenvolvido um teste de diagn?stico que seja espec?fico e sens?vel o suficiente para discriminar as angiostrongil?ases de outras parasitoses. A reatividade cruzada tem sido o principal problema encontrado nos estudos j? desenvolvidos para este prop?sito. Com o objetivo de aprimorar o diagn?stico das angiostrongil?ases, foi realizado neste estudo an?lise comparativa do reconhecimento de prote?nas de diferentes extratos teciduais de A. cantonensis, Toxocara canis, Schistosoma mansoni e Strongyloides stercoralis contra soro positivo para Angiostrongylus spp Atrav?s de kit de extra??o, eletroforese unidimensional e bidimensional, western blot e espectrometria de massas foram identificadas 149 prote?nas. Dentre estas, 34 foram exclusivas para A. cantonensis, sendo que COI estava presente apenas no extrato de A. cantonensis n?o possuindo similaridades com nenhum outro parasito comparado no NCBI (nr database) e WormBase Database. Estas prote?nas podem ser consideradas promissoras como marcadores de reatividade humoral espec?fica para o parasito. Todavia, outras nove prote?nas foram reconhecidas por mais de um parasito em mais de um extrato testado, sendo importantes marcadores de reatividade cruzada em infec??es parasit?rias. Com os dados obtidos neste estudo, sugerimos como marcadores de reatividade cruzada o uso das prote?nas: Galectin 1, HSPA-5 e Ifa1. Al?m disso, prote?nas imunog?nicas de A. cantonensis ES-7, Lec-5 e 14-3-3, foram expressas de forma recombinante em dois tipos celulares, CHO e HEK, e o potencial uso diagn?stico destas prote?nas foi verificado atrav?s de eletroforese uni e bidimensional, western e dot blot, e tratamento por N-glycosidase F (PNGase F), utilizando soro positivo para Angiostrongylus spp., soro negativo e positivo para outras parasitoses. Prote?na ES-7 expressa em c?lulas HEK e CHO, e Lec-5 expressa em CHO foram reconhecidas apenas pelo soro positivo para Angiostrongylus spp. e n?o pelo soro negativo e controles de especificidade em testes 2D e 1D, respectivamente. J? nas an?lises em 2D, Lec-5 apresentou fraco reconhecimento com soro negativo. J? a prote?na 14-3-3 n?o apresentou nenhuma especificidade pelo soro de A. cantonensis, j? que foi reconhecida por todos os soros testados. O reconhecimento ant?geno-anticorpo se mostrou dependente das por??es glic?dicas, j? que quando tratadas com N-glycosidase F (PNGase F), o reconhecimento das prote?nas pelo soro desapareceu. A express?o heter?loga, utilizando c?lulas de mam?feros, assim como a identifica??o de mol?culas compartilhadas e/ou espec?ficas, podem representar uma promissora fonte de ant?genos para o diagn?stico da meningite eosinof?lica, requerendo aprimorados testes moleculares para seu diagn?stico.

Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-10-09T14:30:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_CARLA_ARISTONARA_MULLER_COMPLETO.pdf: 527881 bytes, checksum: 65cb8a9c315b5bbc1f675738fa4f71d0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-09T14:30:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_CARLA_ARISTONARA_MULLER_COMPLETO.pdf: 527881 bytes, checksum: 65cb8a9c315b5bbc1f675738fa4f71d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-15 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / The Phylum Nematoda is extremely diverse and occurs in several ecosystems, thus occupying a key role in the soil trophic webs. The knowledge of nematode species and their patterns of distribution in soils habitats may contribute to our understanding of soil ecology and functioning. The aims of this work was to describe the nematofauna occurring in the Center of Research and Environmental Conservation - PR?-MATA-RS and classifies the nematodes according to their feeding habits thus provide additional information about the Pr? Mata soil diversity. Identification was performed through light microscopy and following taxonomic keys evidencing the diagnostic characters of each group. In total, 1.500 nematodes were found into 200 cm? of soil analyzed. The Chromadorea class was represented by 63% of the individuals, whereas the class Enoplea class by only 12%. Four orders, eight families and 13 genera were recovered. As for feeding trophic groups, were represented plant parasites by 35%, bacterial feeders by 30%, omnivores by 7% and predators by 5%. After extracting nematodes from soil, DNA extraction for amplification of the V4 and V9 regions of the 18S gene of ribosomal DNA was performed. The amplified product was sequenced, obtaining 281,400 sequences passed. Based on the DNA sequences, seven orders, 15 families, and 16 nematode genera were recovered. / O filo Nematoda ? bastante diverso e ocorre em v?rios ecossistemas, ocupando uma posi??o central na cadeia tr?fica de solos. O conhecimento das esp?cies e distribui??o destas pode contribuir em estudos sobre a ecologia e funcionamento do solo, incluindo a din?mica de popula??o e controle biol?gico n?o s? dos pr?prios nemat?deos, mas tamb?m do ecossistema ali presente. Este trabalho teve como objetivo descrever a nematofauna ocorrente na ?rea do Centro de Pesquisas e Conserva??o da Natureza PR?-MATA-RS, e classific?-la taxonomicamente e de acordo com seu grupo tr?fico. A identifica??o foi realizada atrav?s de microscopia ?ptica baseada em chaves taxon?micas evidenciando os caracteres diagn?sticos de cada grupo. Mil e quinhentos nemat?deos foram encontrados em 200 cm? de solo. 63% pertencentes ? classe Chromadoria e 12% ? classe Enoplea, classificados em quatro ordens, oito fam?lias e 13 g?neros. Quanto aos h?bitos alimentares dos nemat?deos foram classificados como 35% parasitos de plantas, 28% bacter?voros, 7% on?voros e 5% como predadores. Ap?s isolamento dos nemat?deos, foi realizada extra??o de DNA para a amplifica??o das regi?es V4 e V9 do gene 18S do DNA (rDNA). O produto amplificado foi sequenciado, obtendo-se 281.400 sequ?ncias. Dentre o filo Nematoda, as fam?lias classificadas foram: Cephalobidae, Chromadoridae, Criconematidae, Plectidae, Ironidae, Prismatolaimidae, Rhabdolaimidae e Tripylidae.

Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-08-18T13:35:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_DANIEL_VILASBOAS_SLOMP_COMPLETO.pdf: 736191 bytes, checksum: d0d07d849cfee2553ff0702d7d9ea72a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-18T13:35:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_DANIEL_VILASBOAS_SLOMP_COMPLETO.pdf: 736191 bytes, checksum: d0d07d849cfee2553ff0702d7d9ea72a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Over the last decades, it has become clear that behavioral lateralization is not restricted to humans. The most evident manifestation of laterality in humans is the prevalence of handedness, the dominant use of the right hand, which is related to the development of the left cerebral hemisphere. Nonhuman primates express varying degrees of laterality, but exhibit a population-level handedness less intense than humans. There is a strong debate about the origin and evolution of primate handedness. This debate focuses on two main hypothesis. The Postural Origins Theory (POT) states that arboreal primates exhibit a left hand preference, whereas terrestrial primates exhibit a right hand preference. The Task Complexity Theory (TCT) states that the complexity of the task modulates hand preference in primates. While low-level tasks do not require hand specialization, high-level tasks elicit hand preference. We studied the handedness of members of a wild population of northern muriquis during a simple unimanual and bimanual low-level task ? the simple reach of food items ? in their three-dimensional arboreal habitat. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether northern muriquis exhibit a left hand preference, as predicted by the POT for arboreal primates, or a lack of hand preference, as predicted by the TCT for low-level tasks. The muriquis showed a population-level left hand bias when performing the low complexity task. There were no sex differences in handedness. The muriquis exhibited stronger handedness when engaged in bimanual than in unimanual feeding activity. We suggest that the release of the hands from the postural demands when individuals are hanging from their tails and feet favors the expression of laterality in muriquis. Therefore, postural stability in the arboreal environment seems to modulate the degree of handedness in northern muriquis. We compare these results with the pattern observed in other nonhuman primates and discuss them in light of the factors associated with handedness in humans. We suggest that studies in both arboreal and terrestrial environments are necessary to assess the implications of these environmental differences for the origin of handedness in the first hominids. / Ao longo das ?ltimas d?cadas, tornou-se claro que a lateralidade comportamental n?o estava restrita aos seres humanos. Em humanos, a manifesta??o mais evidente de lateralidade ? a prefer?ncia manual desviada para a direita, a qual est? relacionada ao desenvolvimento do hemisf?rio cerebral esquerdo. Os primatas n?o-humanos expressam variados graus de lateralidade, mas apresentam uma prefer?ncia manual populacional em menor intensidade do que a humana. A discuss?o sobre a origem e a evolu??o da lateralidade em primatas ? extensa, mas convergiu em torno de duas teorias principais. A Teoria da Origem Postural (TOP) postula que os primatas arbor?colas exibem uma prefer?ncia pelo uso da m?o esquerda, enquanto que os primatas de h?bito terrestre apresentam uma prefer?ncia pela m?o direita. A Teoria da Complexidade da Tarefa (TCT) postula que os primatas n?o apresentariam prefer?ncia manual ao realizarem tarefas de baixa complexidade. Por?m, a prefer?ncia manual se manifestaria durante a execu??o de tarefas de alta complexidade. Estudamos a lateralidade dos indiv?duos de uma popula??o selvagem de muriqui-do-norte executando tarefa unimanual ou bimanual de baixa complexidade ? alcance simples do alimento - em seu habitat arb?reo tridimensional. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar se os muriquis apresentam prefer?ncia manual desviada para a esquerda, conforme previsto pela TOP para primatas arbor?colas ou a aus?ncia de prefer?ncia manual, conforme previsto pela TCT em tarefas de baixa complexidade. Os muriquis-do-norte apresentaram uma prefer?ncia manual populacional desviada para a esquerda na atividade de alcance simples do alimento. N?o houve diferen?as sexuais na lateralidade. Os muriquis exibiram lateralidade mais forte quando engajados em atividade alimentar bimanual do que em atividade unimanual. Sugerimos que a libera??o das m?os das demandas posturais em eventos de alimenta??o nos quais o indiv?duo fica suspenso pela cauda e p?s pode favorecer a express?o da lateralidade nos muriquis. Portanto, a estabilidade postural no ambiente arb?reo parece modelar a lateralidade nos muriquis-do-norte. Estes resultados s?o discutidos em compara??o com outros primatas n?o-humanos e em rela??o aos fatores associados ? lateralidade em seres humanos. Sugerimos a necessidade de estudos adicionais nos ambientes arb?reo e terrestre para avaliar as implica??es dessas diferen?as ambientais para a origem da lateralidade nos primeiros homin?deos.

Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-08-23T14:10:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_KARINE_GALISTEO_DIEMER_LOPES_COMPLETO.pdf: 1571493 bytes, checksum: 811faf594fd59b23eacd2d48acfde1ad (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-23T14:10:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_KARINE_GALISTEO_DIEMER_LOPES_COMPLETO.pdf: 1571493 bytes, checksum: 811faf594fd59b23eacd2d48acfde1ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-02 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Titi monkeys (Callicebus) are well-known for their secondary and anthropogenic forest environments. However, there is scanty information on the ecology and behavior of most species. This study reports the results of the first study on the ecology and behavior of the Prince Bernhard?s titi monkey (Callicebus bernhardi). A group composed of four individuals (an adult male, an adult female, a young male, and a young female) inhabiting a forest fragment of 2.3 ha in Rolim de Moura, Rond?nia, Brazil, was followed for thirteen 7-day sampling periods (total=90 days and 1,010 hours of observation) from March to September 2015. The study covered both the rainy (March-May and September) and the dry (June-August) season. The behavior was recorded by the instantaneous scan sampling method, resulting in 20,023 records. Food availability was estimated based on an overall floristic survey together with data from phenologic and invertebrate surveys conducted every two weeks immediately before each behavioral sampling period. Resting was the most frequent behavior (45.2%), followed by moving (28.5%), feeding (17.4%), and social behaviors (7.5%). The diet was predominantly frugivorous (78% of feeding records), supplemented with flowers (6%), leaves (5.9%), invertebrates (4.5%) and seeds (1%). The activity budget and diet composition varied during the study. The behavior of titi monkeys during resting was consistent with a behavioral thermoregulation strategy. Sitting was the primary resting posture (62%), but the titis increased the use of heat dissipating postures with increasing air temperature. Additionally, air temperature influenced microhabitat selection, affecting the animals? height in the canopy and their exposure to sunshine. We conclude that C. bernhardi inhabiting a small forest fragment shows an activity budget and diet similar to other titi monkey species and uses behavioral thermoregulation strategies to avoid body overheating similar to those recorded for other primates experiencing high ambient temperature. / Os zogue-zogues (Callicebus) s?o conhecidos por sua associa??o com ambientes florestais secund?rios e antropizados. Apesar da grande diversidade do g?nero, pouco se sabe sobre a ecologia e o comportamento da maioria das esp?cies. Essa pesquisa relata os resultados do primeiro estudo sobre a ecologia e o comportamento do zogue-zogue-do-Pr?ncipe-Bernhard (Callicebus bernhardi). Um grupo de quatro indiv?duos (um macho adulto, uma f?mea adulta, um macho jovem e uma f?mea jovem) habitante de um fragmento florestal de 2,3 ha em Rolim de Moura, Rond?nia, foi acompanhado durante 13 per?odos amostrais de sete dias (total=90 dias) entre mar?o e setembro de 2015. Os per?odos de mar?o a maio e setembro corresponderam ? ?poca chuvosa e o de junho a agosto, ? ?poca seca. O comportamento foi registrado pelo m?todo de varredura instant?nea. A disponibilidade de alimentos foi estimada a partir de levantamentos flor?sticos, fenol?gicos e de invertebrados realizados a cada duas semanas logo antes da coleta de dados comportamentais. Um total de 20.023 registros foi obtido em 1.010 h de observa??o. O descanso foi o comportamento mais frequente (45,2%), seguido pela locomo??o (28,5%), alimenta??o (17,4%) e comportamentos sociais (7,5%). A dieta do grupo foi predominante frug?vora (78% dos registros de alimenta??o), complementada com flores (6%), folhas (5,9%), invertebrados (4,5%) e sementes (1%). O padr?o de atividades e a composi??o da dieta variaram ao longo do estudo. O comportamento dos zogue-zogues durante o descanso foi condizente com uma estrat?gia comportamental de termorregula??o. Os animais descansaram principalmente sentados (62%), mas aumentaram o uso de posturas de descanso dissipadoras de calor com o aumento da temperatura ambiente. Al?m disso, a temperatura ambiente influenciou o microhabitat de descanso, afetando a altura na copa e a exposi??o dos animais ao sol. Conclu?mos que C. bernhardi habitante de um pequeno fragmento florestal apresenta padr?o de atividades e dieta semelhantes a outras esp?cies do g?nero e usa estrat?gias comportamentais de termorregula??o para evitar o superaquecimento corporal semelhantes ?s observadas em outros primatas sob altas temperaturas ambiente.

Submitted by PPG Zoologia (zoologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2017-11-06T16:56:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rhaysa_Trindade_mestrado.pdf: 2742098 bytes, checksum: 19939cbcdcc6b11f6b5b3f38d6a23609 (MD5) / Rejected by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br), reason: Devolvido devido ? falta da folha de rosto (p?gina com as principais informa??es) no arquivo PDF, passando direto da capa para o sum?rio. on 2017-11-17T11:11:23Z (GMT) / Submitted by PPG Zoologia (zoologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2017-11-22T10:45:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RhaysaTrindade_mestrado.pdf: 1690881 bytes, checksum: b3cc134ae387722f8b629ef36bd49b9a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-12-01T10:55:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RhaysaTrindade_mestrado.pdf: 1690881 bytes, checksum: b3cc134ae387722f8b629ef36bd49b9a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-01T11:03:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RhaysaTrindade_mestrado.pdf: 1690881 bytes, checksum: b3cc134ae387722f8b629ef36bd49b9a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-01 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Contact zones between Alouatta caraya and A. guariba clamitans with mixed groups has been recently documented and hybridization was inferred by the presence of individuals with mixed morphological patterns. Here we sequenced thousands of ultraconserved elements in noninvasive fecal samples within a hybrid zone and from adjacent populations from both species and characterize 3302 polymorphic sites. We found several F1 hybrids in a narrow contact zones, derived from both combinations of parents, but also found evidence of hybrids in the A. g. clamitans zone that likely originated from serial backcrosses of hybrid males with purebred A. g. clamitans females. There is no evidence of any maternal (mtDNA) introgression, and only two female F1 hybrids were found, therefore female F1 hybrids seem inviable or infertile. On the other hand, we found bidirectional introgression of the Y-chromosomes at least tens of kilometers away from both sides of the contact zone, in otherwise apparently purebred individuals, indicating a not recent introgression mediated by males. / Zonas de contato, com presen?a de bandos mistos, entre Alouatta caraya e Alouatta guariba clamitans, tem sido recentemente documentada e a hibrida??o foi inferida pela presen?a de indiv?duos com padr?es morfol?gicos mistos. Neste estudo n?s sequenciamos milhares de regi?es ultra conservadas em amostras n?o-invasivas de fezes dentro de uma zona hibrida e de popula??es adjacentes das duas esp?cies e caracterizamos 3302 s?tios polim?rficos. N?s encontramos h?bridos F1 limitados a zona de contato, derivados das duas combina??es de parentesco, mas tamb?m encontramos evid?ncia de h?bridos na zona de A. g. clamitans originados de retrocruzamentos por v?rias gera??es de h?bridos com indiv?duos provavelmente puros de A. g. clamitans. N?o existe evid?ncia de nenhum introgress?o maternal (mtDNA), e somente duas f?meas hibridas F1, ent?o f?meas hibridas F1 parecem ser invi?veis ou inf?rteis. Por outro lado, encontramos introgress?o bidirecional do cromossomo Y a pelo menos dezenas de quil?metros al?m da zona de contato em ambos os lados, em indiv?duos sem outro sinal de introgress?o, sinalizando uma introgress?o antiga mediada pelos machos.

Submitted by PPG Zoologia (zoologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-03-23T11:43:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o_N?bia_Galvez.pdf: 5495418 bytes, checksum: 922705429c6578b50f11ec700c76b295 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Tatiana Lopes (tatiana.lopes@pucrs.br) on 2018-04-05T13:38:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o_N?bia_Galvez.pdf: 5495418 bytes, checksum: 922705429c6578b50f11ec700c76b295 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-05T13:43:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o_N?bia_Galvez.pdf: 5495418 bytes, checksum: 922705429c6578b50f11ec700c76b295 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-27 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Temnospondyls are early amphibians, with a broad morphological and ecological diversity that inhabited the planet between the Carboniferous and Cretaceous. They represent a grade of fossil species, which are very important for evolution of the continental fauna and, possibly, have a strict relationship with current amphibians (Lissamphibia). In Brazil, the group is well represented in Permo?Triassic sediments, with nine species described so far. In Rio Grande do Sul, two species were recorded in Permian sediments from Rio do Rasto Formation, where the material MCP-4275PV was collected. This specimen is represented by a hemimandible preserved in two portions, roughly 50 cm long, indicating that it was a large animal. Preparation of the specimen, with sediment removal, evidenced important characteristics for the diagnose of the specimen in a less inclusive taxonomic level. The morphological analyses suggests that the specimen belong to Capitosauria group and the phylogenetic analysis (TNT, PAUP; 76 terminals, 271 characters) showed that MCP-4275PV is consistently placed within Capitosauria, a group so far exclusively Triassic in distribution. Therefore, the new specimen is the oldest capitosaur and its record points out to a South American origin to the group. Such results bring evidences that according with other studies about possible dispersion routs through Pangaea, from Gondwana to Laurasia and about the radiation and speciation of the group relative to the Permo?Triassic boundary. / Temnosp?ndilos s?o anf?bios primitivos, com uma grande diversidade morfol?gica e ecol?gica, que habitaram o planeta entre o Carbon?fero e Cret?ceo. Representam um grado de esp?cies f?sseis de grande import?ncia na evolu??o das biotas continentais e muito possivelmente tem uma rela??o estreita com os grupos de anf?bios atuais. No Brasil, o grupo faz parte da importante paleofauna tetr?poda e est? bem representado em sedimentos Permo?Tri?ssicos, contando com nove esp?cies descritas at? o momento. No Rio Grande do Sul, quatro esp?cies s?o registradas em sedimentos permianos da Forma??o Rio do Rasto, onde o material apresentado aqui (MCP-4275PV) foi coletado. O esp?cime ? representado por uma hemimand?bula preservada em duas por??es e possui aproximadamente 50 cm de comprimento, o que indica pertencer a um animal de grande porte. A prepara??o do material, com remo??o de sedimentos, evidenciou caracter?sticas importantes para o diagn?stico do esp?cime em n?vel taxon?mico mais exclusivo. A an?lise morfol?gica mostrou que o esp?cime apresenta caracter?sticas t?picas de Capitosauria e a an?lise filogen?tica (TNT, PAUP; 76 terminais, 271 caracteres) revelou que MCP-4275PV consistentemente surge dentro de Capitosauria, um grupo com distribui??o at? ent?o exclusivamente tri?ssica. MCP-4275PV representa atualmente o capitossaurio mais antigo, posicionando a origem do grupo no Permiano (Guadalupiano) da Am?rica do Sul. Tais resultados trazem evid?ncias que est?o de acordo com outros estudos sobre poss?veis rotas de dispers?o atrav?s do supercontinente Panga, a partir do Gondwana para a Laur?sia e sobre a radia??o e especia??o do grupo em rela??o ao limite Permo-Tri?ssico.

Submitted by PPG Zoologia (zoologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-03-23T11:52:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Filogenia e Taxonomia de Rhoadsiinae_Rafael_Lugo_Homologa??o.pdf: 7274621 bytes, checksum: f11a71c774a89d99057951217d2d2321 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Tatiana Lopes (tatiana.lopes@pucrs.br) on 2018-04-05T14:07:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Filogenia e Taxonomia de Rhoadsiinae_Rafael_Lugo_Homologa??o.pdf: 7274621 bytes, checksum: f11a71c774a89d99057951217d2d2321 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-05T14:14:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Filogenia e Taxonomia de Rhoadsiinae_Rafael_Lugo_Homologa??o.pdf: 7274621 bytes, checksum: f11a71c774a89d99057951217d2d2321 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-14 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Rhoadsiinae is one of the 15 subfamilies that compose the family Characidae, proposed in 1911 by Fowler. Its distribution is exclusively trans-Andean and is found in Ecuador, Panama, Colombia, Peru, Costa Rica, and Nicaragua. A combined matrix of morphological and molecular data was analyzed in a scheme of total evidence. Fiftyfour morphological characters were collected, 36 of which were obtained from the literature and 18 were new, for 15 terminal taxa. Amplifications were performed for the genes 16S, COI, Cytb, Myh6 and RAG2, which were also analyzed separately, using probabilistic Bayesian analysis, performed on the CIPRES website. The parsimony analysis was performed in the TNT software, through an exact search (Implicit enumeration) and a heuristic procedure of a thousand Random Addition Sequence (RAS) interactions followed by Tree Bissection Reconnection (TBR) tree rearrangements. The analyzes recovered a single maximally parsimonious tree with 2604 steps, consistency index 0.60 and retention index 0.45. The results corroborate the monophyly of Rhoadsiinae. The subfamily is composed of seven species divided in four genera, six of which are described in previous works and a new genus and species is described in this paper, provisionally named New T?xon "Panam?". In addition, it is demonstrated that the clade of Rhoadsia is the sister to all other genera of the subfamily; Carlana eigenmanni and New T?xon "Panam?" are sister group to each other. The phylogenetic relationships between the species are represented as follows: ((Rhoadsia altipinna + Rhoadsia minor) + ((Carlana eigenmanni + New T?xon "Panama") + (Parastremma sadina (Parastremma pulchrum + Parastremma album)))). / Rhoadsiinae ? uma das quinze subfam?lias que comp?e a fam?lia Characidae, proposta em 1911 por Fowler, sua distribui??o ? exclusivamente transandina, encontrada no Equador, Panam?, Col?mbia, Peru, Costa Rica e Nicar?gua. Foi utilizada uma matriz combinada de dados morfol?gicos e moleculares, em um esquema de evid?ncia total, para a an?lise filogen?tica. Foram levantados 54 caracteres morfol?gicos, do quais 36 foram retirados da literatura pr?-existente e 18 s?o novos, para 15 t?xons terminais. Foram realizadas amplifica??es para os genes 16S, COI, Cytb, Myh6 e RAG2, que foram tamb?m analisados separadamente, utilizando an?lise probabil?stica Bayesiana, realizada no portal CIPRES. A an?lise de parcim?nia foi realizada no software TNT, atrav?s de busca exata (Implicit enumeration) e um procedimento heur?stico de mil intera??es de Random Addition Sequence (RAS) seguidas de rearranjos de ramos Tree Bissection Reconnection (TBR). As an?lises resgataram uma ?nica ?rvore maximamente parcimoniosa com 2604 passos, ?ndice de consist?ncia 0.60 e ?ndice de reten??o 0.45. Os resultados corroboram o monofiletismo de Rhoadsiinae. A subfam?lia ? composta por sete esp?cies dividas em quatro g?neros, sendo seis delas descritas em trabalhos anteriores e um novo g?nero e esp?cie descrito neste trabalho, denominado provisoriamente como Novo T?xon ?Panam??. Adicionalmente, o clado de Rhoadsia ? o grupo irm?o de todos os demais g?neros da subfam?lia; Carlana eigenmanni e Novo T?xon ?Panam?? s?o grupos irm?os. As rela??es filogen?ticas entre as esp?cies s?o representadas a seguir: ((Rhoadsia altipinna + Rhoadsia minor) + ((Carlana eigenmanni + Novo T?xon ?Panam??) + (Parastremma sadina (Parastremma pulchrum + Parastremma album)))).

Submitted by PPG Zoologia (zoologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-04-20T12:08:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o corre??o final - Christian.pdf: 2735367 bytes, checksum: 73fdc67c9898d886fdbd0e0cce1dfad3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2018-05-08T16:47:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o corre??o final - Christian.pdf: 2735367 bytes, checksum: 73fdc67c9898d886fdbd0e0cce1dfad3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-08T16:53:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o corre??o final - Christian.pdf: 2735367 bytes, checksum: 73fdc67c9898d886fdbd0e0cce1dfad3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-22 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Mahanarva fimbriolata, M. spectabilis, M. liturata and M. posticata (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) s?o conhecidas como pragas de planta??es de cana-de-a??car e pastagem em todo Brasil. Por alimentarem-se diretamente da seiva das plantas, esses cercop?deos causam fitotoxicidade e devido a isso diminuem a produ??o. A modelagem da distribui??o de esp?cies permite analisar a poss?vel occurencia das quatro esp?cies na Am?rica do Sul e Central. Para criar modelos de distribui??o de esp?cies foram utilizados em R, os algoritmos Bioclim, Domain, diferentes modelos lineares generalizados e Maxent. Nesses modelos foram utilizadas vari?veis bioclim?ticas atuais e futuras, al?m da eleva??o e outras vari?veis agr?colas. As vari?veis clim?ticas futuras s?o para os anos 2050 e 2070 com diferentes repentant concentration pathways. As esp?cies apresentam habitats adequados em diferentes pa?ses da Am?rica do Sul e Central, onde as planta??es de cana-de-a??car s?o abundantes. Os resultados das an?lises clim?ticas futuras n?o apresentaram diferen?as em rela??o ?s an?lises clim?ticas atuais. No geral, o algoritmo Maxent mostrou os maiores valores de AUC e o Bioclim os menores. As vari?veis que mais contribu?ram para os modelos s?o: eleva??o, isothermality e diferentes vari?veis de precipita??o. As mudan?as clim?ticas e ciclos de vida de insetos adicionais n?o t?m impacto em habitats adequados dos insetos. Em geral, o Maxent ? o melhor algoritmo para realizar modelos de distribui??o de esp?cies com um n?mero baixo de pontos de ocorr?ncia e an?lises de mudan?as clim?ticas. / Mahanarva fimbriolata, M. spectabilis, M. liturata and M. posticata (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) are known pests for sugarcane and pasture plantations throughout Brazil. By direct sap feeding on the plants they cause phytotoxicity and due to this they decrease the production of plantations. With species distribution modeling it is possible to analyze the possible occurence of the four species in South and Central America. To create species distribution models the algorithms Bioclim, Domain, different generalized linear models and Maxent were used in R. For those models current and future bioclimatic variables as well as elevation and other agricultural variables were used. The future climatic variables are for the years 2050 and 2070 with different repentant concentration pathways. The species show suitable habitats in different countries in South and Central America where sugarcane plantations are abundant. The results of the future climate analyzes do not show differences compared to the current climate analyzes. Overall the Maxent algorithm showed the highest AUC scores and Bioclim the lowest. The variables which contributed the most to the models are elevation, isothermality and different precipitation variables. Climate change and therefore additional insect lifecycles do not have an impact on the insect?s suitable habitats. Overall Maxent is the best algorithm to perform species distribution models with a low number of occurrence points and for climate change analyzes.

Submitted by PPG Zoologia (zoologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-04-23T19:41:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o ?lvaro HOMOLOGADA.pdf: 3241508 bytes, checksum: ec4b0f4eac178db3d89017afd2f268aa (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2018-05-09T20:00:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o ?lvaro HOMOLOGADA.pdf: 3241508 bytes, checksum: ec4b0f4eac178db3d89017afd2f268aa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-09T20:03:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o ?lvaro HOMOLOGADA.pdf: 3241508 bytes, checksum: ec4b0f4eac178db3d89017afd2f268aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-25 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / The genus Psammobatis G?nther includes eight species: P. bergi Marini, P. extenta (Garman), P. lentiginosa McEachran, P. maculatus Hildebrand, P. normani McEachran, P. parvacauda McEachran, P. rudis G?nther ? type-species, and P. rutrum Jordan. Psammobatis bergi, P. extenta, P. lentiginosa, and P. rutrum are found in the Atlantic coast of Brazil from Rio de Janeiro to Rio Grande do Sul states. Studies on dental morphology may contribute not only to the biological knowledge of the species involved, but also to their taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships. The purpose of this study is to characterize the dental morphology of Psammobatis extenta, P. lentiginosa and P. rutrum and aims to verify whether there is sexual and/or ontogenetic heterodonty. The specimens were captured in depths between 40m and 145m in the coasts of Rio Grande do Sul and Rio de Janeiro states, and deposited at Funda??o Universidade do Rio Grande and Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Twenty-seven dental arches were examined. The jaws were detached from the body, and three regions (two lateral and one symphyseal) from each individual were photographed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Tooth were measured and compared between adult males and adult females of the three species, and also among immatures of P. extenta. Adult females of the three species showed pavement-like dentition, with flat, smooth, monocuspidate teeth (crusher type); the crown had a diamond shape, with the symphyseal teeth slightly larger than the others. The teeth of adult males of the three species, although also monocuspidate and diamond-shaped crown, have a longer, sharp cusp (grabber type) than females. Additionally, teeth observed on males were point inward in the symphysis region and sideward (with shorter but still pronounced cusp) in the distal region. The longest cusps in adult males of P. extenta are smooth and showed a circular shape, based on its external format; while males of P. rutrum and P. lentiginosa have an elliptical shape. P. lentiginosa presented a slight groove in the middle of the cusp. In Psammobatis extenta, the only species with immature specimens available, no sexual dimorphism related to dentition was observed. Similar to adult females, they have pavement-like dentition with the crusher type teeth; but without variation of size between the symphysis teeth and the others. / O g?nero Psammobatis G?nther inclui oito esp?cies: P. bergi Marini, P. extenta (Garman), P. lentiginosa McEachran, P. maculatus Hildebrand, P. normani McEachran, P. parvacauda McEachran, P. rudis G?nther ? esp?cie tipo, e P. rutrum Jordan. Psammobatis bergi, P. extenta, P. lentiginosa e P. rutrum s?o encontradas na costa do Brasil entre os estados do Rio de Janeiro e Rio Grande do Sul. Estudos sobre a morfologia dent?ria podem contribuir n?o apenas para o conhecimento da biologia das esp?cies envolvidas, mas tamb?m s?o aplic?veis ? taxonomia e a estudos de rela??es filogen?ticas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a morfologia dent?ria de Psammobatis extenta, P. lentiginosa e P. rutrum a fim de verificar ocorr?ncias de heterodontia gin?ndrica e/ou ontogen?tica. Os esp?cimes foram capturados entre 40 m e 145 m de profundidade nas costas dos estados do Rio Grande do Sul e do Rio de Janeiro e est?o depositadas na Funda??o Universidade do Rio Grande e na Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro. Foram analisadas 27 arcadas dent?rias. Ap?s serem destacadas do corpo, tr?s regi?es (duas laterais e a sinfisiana) de cada placa dent?ria foram fotografadas com microsc?pio eletr?nico de varredura (SEM). Os dentes foram medidos e comparados em exemplares machos e f?meas adultos das tr?s esp?cies, e tamb?m em imaturos de P. extenta. As f?meas adultas das tr?s esp?cies possuem denti??o pavimentosa, com dentes achatados, unicuspidados (tipo triturador); a coroa possui forma losangular, com os dentes sinfisianos ligeiramente maiores que os demais. Os dentes dos machos adultos das tr?s esp?cies, embora tamb?m unicuspidados e com coroa losangular, possuem a c?spide mais longa e afilada (tipo agarrador) do que a dos dentes das f?meas. Al?m disso, os dentes dos machos est?o voltados para o interior da boca na regi?o de s?nfise e lateralmente (com c?spide mais curta, mas ainda pronunciada) nas regi?es laterais de cada placa dent?gera. A c?spide alongada observada em machos adultos de Psammobatis extenta ? lisa e possui forma circular, inferido a partir de seu formato externo; enquanto nos machos de P. rutrum e P. lentiginosa possui forma el?ptica. A c?spide de P. lentiginosa apresenta um sulco longitudinal. Em Psammobatis extenta, ?nica esp?cie da qual foram examinados exemplares imaturos, n?o foi constatada heterodontia gin?ndrica nesta fase de desenvolvimento. Da mesma forma que nas f?meas adultas, exemplares imaturos possuem denti??o pavimentosa, com os dentes tipo triturador; mas sem varia??o de tamanho entre os dentes sinfisianos e os demais.

Submitted by PPG Zoologia (zoologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-05-29T13:52:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Santos - Fid?lis.pdf: 21234236 bytes, checksum: 6b55c8c14033601ff328f8d7bed152b9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2018-05-29T14:16:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Santos - Fid?lis.pdf: 21234236 bytes, checksum: 6b55c8c14033601ff328f8d7bed152b9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-29T14:21:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Santos - Fid?lis.pdf: 21234236 bytes, checksum: 6b55c8c14033601ff328f8d7bed152b9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-22 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / A fam?lia Anomalepididae atualmente ? constitu?da por 18 esp?cies de cobras, conhecidas como ?cobras-cegas?, fossoriais e de distribui??o geogr?fica restrita ? regi?o Neotropical. Praticamente, n?o h? informa??es a respeito da hist?ria de vida dos Anomalepididae, pois s?o animais de dif?cil coleta e a manuten??o em cativeiro para estudos com biologia ? bastante dif?cil. As informa??es dispon?veis a respeito de cobras Anomalepididae est?o concentradas em estudos anat?micos, principalmente osteologia do cr?nio, taxonomia e filogenia a n?vel de fam?lias dentro de Serpentes. Mas, desde a descri??o de Anomalepididae por Taylor em 1939, n?o houve uma revis?o taxon?mica abrangente dentro da fam?lia ou alguma infer?ncia filogen?tica com novos arranjos taxon?micos. Em rela??o ? taxonomia do grupo, a literatura ? restrita ? descri??o de novas esp?cies e revis?es taxon?micas de dois g?neros (Anomalepis e Liotyphlops). O objetivo prim?rio deste estudo foi a revis?o taxon?mica da fam?lia Anomalepididae e, para isto, foi utilizado toda a amostragem poss?vel de esp?cies e esp?cimes na aquisi??o de dados morfol?gicos, al?m do emprego da t?cnica High-Resolution X-ray Computed Tomography (HRXCT). O objetivo secund?rio foi inferir uma hip?tese filogen?tica para as esp?cies dentro de Anomalepididae com base nos caracteres anat?micos obtidos do exame de esp?cimes. Este trabalho resultou em um novo arranjo taxon?mico para Anomalepididae, com 19 esp?cies v?lidas, descri??o de duas novas esp?cies de Liotyphlops para o Brasil, sendo uma para o estado de Mato Grosso e outra para o estado de Santa Catarina e a recondu??o de Liotyphlops beui para a sinon?mia de Liotyphlops ternetzii. Al?m disto, a an?lise de parcim?nia com base em caracteres do cr?nio e da morfologia externa recuperou Anomalepididae como um t?xon monofil?tico dentro de Scolecophidia. / The family Anomalepididae currently consists of 18 species known as "blind snakes", fossorial in habit and with geographical distribution restricted to the Neotropical region. Practically, there is no information about the life history of the Anomalepididae, because they are difficult to collect and the maintenance in captivity for biology studies is quite difficult. The information available regarding Anomalepididae snakes is concentrated on anatomical studies, mainly osteology of the skull, taxonomy, and phylogeny at the level of families within Serpentes. But since the description of Anomalepididae by Taylor in 1939, there has been no comprehensive taxonomic review within the family or some phylogenetic inference with new taxonomic arrangements. In relation to the taxonomy of the group, the literature is restricted to the description of new species and taxonomic revisions of two genera (Anomalepis and Liotyphlops). The primary objective of this study was the taxonomic revision of the Anomalepididae and, for this, all possible sampling of species and specimens were used in the acquisition of morphological data, besides the use of the High-resolution X-Ray Computed Tomography (HRXCT) technique. The secondary objective was to infer a phylogenetic hypothesis for the species within Anomalepididae based on the anatomical characters obtained from the specimen examination. This work resulted in a new taxonomic arrangment for Anomalepididae, with 19 valid species, description of two new species of Liotyphlops from Brazil, being one for the state of Mato Grosso and the other for the state of Santa Catarina, and the re-conduction of Liotyphlops beui to the synonymy of Liotyphlops ternetzii. In addition, the parsimony analysis based on characters from the skull and external morphology recovered Anomalepididae as a monophyletic taxon within Scolecophidia.