An important part for projects, organizations etc. is to have a good system of how to manage information so that it´s constantly updated, accurate and available for all affected operators. Current degree project is performed on behalf of the IT-company Eurostep AB who has developed a software named Share-A-space for information management and they are now interested to see if there are any demands for Share-A-space in the field of urban development. During the degree project, a model was built using Share-A-space and the model is called CIM (City Information Model). The objective with the degree project was to investigate how information is managed today at the Administration of Urban Development, Stadsbyggnadsförvaltningen, at Eskilstuna municipality and if CIM would facilitate their work. A deeper investigation was made to locate where processes can be more efficient and how functions that CIM contains would be helpful. The degree project contains a literature study, a case study and a result where the literature study contains an environment monitoring, today’s visions of a future coherent digital work approach within municipalities and procedures for urban development. The case study contains information how Eskilstuna municipality is managing information, it also contains a description of how the model was built. The result contain information of how the model operates and the responds from interviews performed after a presentation of the model at the municipality. This degree project concludes that CIM in some ways definitely could be a valid alternative in the municipal work. The municipality didn’t see any benefits by having access to all technical information regarding all specific objects in the city. Processes would on the other hand, become more efficient and CIM would be a helpful tool in planning processes and contribute to make the municipal work more transparent. There were functions in CIM, especially the function to “travel in time”, that was considered extra useful for the employees at the municipality when planning the city but also for private residence to receive a greater understanding of future plans. To implement CIM would, on the other hand, be a resource demanding process which the municipality can´t perform at the moment without receiving financial support.

L'industrie pétrolière et gazière subie d’importantes pertes économiques en raison de problèmes liés à la corrosion. Parmi ces problèmes, la corrosion induite par les micro-organismes (biocorrosion) fait toujours l’objet de recherche, le mécanisme le plus souvent évoqué et documenté étant lié aux bactéries sulfato-réductrices (BSR). Cependant certaines études ont montré que la biocorrosion pouvait se produire même en absence de BSR dans l'environnement corrosif ; le principal objectif de la thèse était donc de fournir un nouvel éclairage sur la corrosion anaérobie de l'acier au carbone en proposant des mécanismes différents de ceux impliquant les BSR. En premier lieu, l’influence d'une souche électro-active, G. sulfurreducens, sur la protection/corrosion de l'acier C1145 a été étudiée. Lorsque des espèces phosphate sont présentes dans le milieu, la bactérie favorise la formation d’une couche de Fer/Phosphate qui ensuite protège le matériau. En présence d’ammonium, les vitesses de corrosion sont plus élevées mais les bactéries réduisent la dissolution du métal. En deuxième partie, des échantillons de terrain issus des opérations de nettoyage des pipelines des systèmes d’injection ont été analysés d’un point de vue microbiologique et électrochimique. L’analyse moléculaire et l’identification de la communauté bactérienne montre la présence d'espèces sulfurogènes autre que les BSR. Ces bactéries peuvent stimuler la corrosion des métaux par la production d'acides organiques, de CO2 et de différentes espèces soufrées telles que H2S. De surcroît, il a été prouvé que le consortium contenu dans les échantillons de terrain accélérait la corrosion de l'acier au carbone, principalement par la production d'espèces sulfures. / The oil and gas industry is impacted by important economic losses due to corrosion problem. As part of this problem, microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) is still a subject of research. The most often evoked and well acknowledge MIC mechanism is linked to sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB). However, some studies have shown that MIC can occur even when SRB is not present in the corroding environment; in this framework, the main objective of the thesis is to provide new insights on corrosion of carbon steel caused by other mechanisms different to those described with SRB. First, the influence of an electroactive strain, G. sulfurreducens (an iron reducing bacteria, IRB) on the corrosion/protection of steel C1145 was studied. When phosphate species are present in the medium, bacteria promote the formation of an iron phosphate layer (vivianite) that afterwards protects the material. In presence of NH4+, corrosion rates are higher but bacteria decrease the dissolution of the material. In the second part, field samples from pigging operations performed in water injection pipelines were analysed from microbiological and electrochemical corrosion points of view. Molecular analysis and identification of the biofilm community show the presence of sulfidogenic species besides SRB. These bacteria can stimulate metal corrosion through production of organic acids, CO2 and different sulphur species such as H2S. Moreover, it was proved that the consortium contained in field samples accelerated corrosion of carbon steel mainly by production of sulphide species.

Submitted by Clebson Anjos (clebson.leandro54@gmail.com) on 2016-03-30T20:12:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1692597 bytes, checksum: c7296072cd4d63789c4d9e387aacfb5c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-30T20:12:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1692597 bytes, checksum: c7296072cd4d63789c4d9e387aacfb5c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The use of plant products for the treatment, prevention and cure of diseases , is one of the oldest forms of medical practice of humanity , and although great advances observed in modern medicine are natural products still contribute considerably in care health . Among the therapeutic actions of medicinal plants, antimicrobial activity is one of the most important front of the existing rate of mortality and antimicrobial resistance. Although plants possess many therapeutic uses that are traditionally known, the human being unaware of the fact that they can be toxic both for humans and for animals. Croton tricolor ex Klotsch Baill, popularly known as silvery quince is native caatinga of Northeast Brazil. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the biological effects of essential oil from leaves of Croton tricolor Klotsch ex Baill (Ct-OE). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25925 was 6.7 mg/ml, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25619 3.35 mg/ml Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 8539 was 1.68 mg/mL and E. coli ATCC 25922 was 3.35 mg/mL. For E. coli strains of clinical origin MIC ranged from 1.67 to 3.35 mg/ml. In cytotoxicity against human erythrocytes, the essential oil exhibited a low level of hemolysis in blood A + and B +, but caused in type O + erythrocytes. The Ct -OE showed a slight increase in oxidation in erythrocytes, but a value much lower than phenylhydrazine (Ph). However, the Ct-OE could protect erythrocytes from oxidation by Ph more efficiently than vitamin C. The Ct -OE did not cause structural chromosomal damage and/or number of erythrocytes in mice in vivo. / O uso de produtos de origem vegetal para o tratamento, cura e prevenção de doenças, é uma das mais antigas formas da prática medicinal da humanidade e, embora grandes avanços sejam observados na medicina moderna, os produtos naturais continuam contribuindo de maneira considerável nos cuidados com a saúde. Entre as ações terapêuticas das plantas medicinais, a atividade antimicrobiana é uma das mais relevantes frente à taxa de mortalidade existente e à resistência antimicrobiana. Apesar das plantas possuírem muitos usos terapêuticos que são conhecidos tradicionalmente, o ser humano desconhece o fato de que elas podem apresentar toxicidade tanto para o homem quanto para os animais. Croton tricolor Klotsch ex Baill, conhecido popularmente como marmeleiro prateado, é nativo da caatinga do Nordeste do Brasil. Sendo assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar os efeitos biológicos do óleo essencial das folhas de Croton tricolor Klotsch ex Baill (Ct-OE). A concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) para a cepa Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25925 foi de 6,7 mg/mL, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25619 3,35 mg/mL, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 8539 foi de 1,68 mg/mL e Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 foi de 3,35 mg/mL. Para as linhagens de E. coli de origem clínica a CIM variou de 1,67 a 3,35 mg/mL. Na avaliação da citotoxicidade frente a eritrócitos humanos, o óleo essencial apresentou um baixo nível de hemólise no sangue A+ e B+, mas não causou em eritrócitos tipo O+. O Ct-OE apresentou um leve aumento da oxidação em eritrócitos, mas a um valor muito inferior a fenilhidrazina (Ph). Entretanto, o Ct-OE conseguiu proteger os eritrócitos da oxidação pela Ph de forma mais eficiente que a vitamina C. O Ct-OE não promoveu dano cromossômico estrutural e/ou numérico em eritrócitos de camundongos in vivo.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:24:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCA15MA176.pdf: 1054714 bytes, checksum: 2d3299e450871e4e4ade3ebea0deb419 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Staphylococcus aureus is the major causative agent of bovine mastitis, the main disease affecting dairy cattle. The use of antibiotics is highly relevant for the control of mastitis cases in the properties, and the beta-lactam antibiotics (especially penicillin) and tetracycline are commonly used in animal and human health. Therefore, study of resistance is very important. For this test were selected 90 S. aureus isolated from subclinical mastitis to the characterization of ampicillin, penicillin and tetracycline through the disk diffusion test. Phenotypic characterization of the three antibiotics was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration using the E-Test® and production of beta-lactamase by cefinase discs. Five resistance genes, blaZ, tet(K), tet(L), tet(M), tet(O) were investigated in all samples. PCR products were sequenced to confirm the results. The resistance was observed in 71%, 77% and 72% of the samples to ampicillin, penicillin and tetracycline, respectively. The MIC90 of the three antibiotics were 2 μg/mL (ampicillin), 1 μg/mL (penicillin), 64 μg/mL (tetracycline). Eighty six percent of beta-lactamase producing samples were identified. Of the 90 samples investigated, 97% amplified blaZ, 84% tet(K), 9% tet(L) and 2% tet(O) 1% tet(M). Four samples showed together tet(L) and tet(K), one sample showed tet(K), tet(M) and tet(O) and 80 samples showed blaZ together with at least one tet gene. The results suggest high resistance rate for the three antimicrobials in the S. aureus samples and high values of MIC50 and MIC90. The blaZ and tet(K) genes investigated were widespread in the herds studied. More studies about phenotypic and molecular character of antimicrobial resistance in S. aureus should be done to provide appropriated control and therapeutic measures / Staphylococcus aureus é o principal agente causador de mastite bovina, principal doença que acomete bovinos leiteiros. O uso de antimicrobianos é de grande relevância para o controle dos casos de mastite nas propriedades, e os antimicrobianos betalactâmicos (principalmente penicilina) e tetraciclina são comumente usados em saúde animal e humana. Dessa forma, o estudo da resistência a esses princípios ativos é de grande importância. Neste trabalho, para caracterizar a resistência à ampicilina, penicilina e tetraciclina foram selecionadas através do teste de disco-difusão 90 amostras de S. aureus isoladas de mastite subclínica resistentes à penicilina ou/e ampicilina ou/e tetraciclina. A caracterização fenotípica aos três antimicrobianos foi determinada pela concentração inibitória mínima - método de E-TEST® - e produção de betalactamase através de discos de cefinase. Foram pesquisadas em todas as amostras cinco genes de resistência, blaZ, tet(K), tet(L), tet(M) e tet(O). Os produtos de PCR foram sequenciados para confirmação dos resultados. Foi observada a resistência em 71 %, 77 % e 72 % das amostras à ampicilina, penicilina e tetraciclina, respectivamente. A MIC90 dos três antimicrobianos foram 2 μg/mL (ampicilina), 1 μg/mL (penicilina), 64 μg/mL (tetraciclina). Foram identificadas 86 % de amostras produtoras de betalactamase. Do total, 97 % amplificaram blaZ, 84 % tet(K), 9 % tet(L), 2 % tet(M), 1 % tet(O). Quatro amostras apresentaram conjuntamente tet(K) e tet(L), uma amostra apresentou tet(K), tet(M) e tet(O) e 80 amostras apresentaram blaZ juntamente com pelo menos um dos genes tet estudados. Os resultados da CIM apontam para um alto índice de resistência dos isolados de S. aureus para os três antimicrobianos e altos valores de CIM50 e CIM90. Os genes blaZ e tet(K) encontram-se amplamente disseminados nos rebanhos estudados. Mais estudos sobre o caráter fenotípico e molecular da resistência aos antimicrobianos em S. aureus devem ser realizados para estabelecer medidas de controle e terapêuticas adequadas

The paper deals with the development of a remote management solution for embedded audio devices. The creation of a development environment for the embedded ARM target is discussed as well as several available solutions for remote system management. The creation of a service for stream and system management using SNMP is discussed as well as several changes to the SNMP standard to improve performance using multicast. The implementation of a proof-of-concept cross-platform user interface for the client side is described as well.

Dentre as espécies conhecidas do gênero Arcobacter, as espécies A. butzleri, A. cryaerophilus e A. skirrowii são consideradas potecialmente zoonóticas, podendo ser transmitidas por alimentos de origem animal. O presente estudo teve como objetivos isolar e caracterizar fenotipica e genotipicamente cepas de Arcobacter spp. provenientes de carcaças de suínos e amostras de ambiente de abatedouro localizado no Estado de São Paulo. As cepas isoladas foram submetidas a reação em cadeia pela polimerase para a identificação e detecção de um grupo de genes de virulência. A concentração inibitória mínima frente a nove antimicrobianos usados para o controle da infecção pelo agente foi determinada e as cepas foram analisadas através do PFGE e pelo AFLP. Dentre as 30 carcaças avaliadas, 25 foram positivas para o agente e 70 cepas foram selecionadas e identificadas como Arcobacter spp. As espécies isoladas foram A. butzleri (n=61), A. cryaerophilus (n=7) e A. skirrowii (n=2). A frequência dos possíveis genes de virulência encontrada variou de 71,4% a 100% para os genes tlyA, pldA, cj1349, ciaB, cadF e mviN. Não foram detectados os genes hecA, hecB e irgA. O perfil de virulência ciaB/ cj1349/ mviN/ cadF/ pldA/ tlyA foi o mais frequente e detectado em 66% das cepas. Todas as cepas foram sensíveis à gentamicina e tetraciclina e 77,1% foram multirresistentes, dentre estas o perfil mais frequente foi de resistência a azitromicina/ florfenicol/ ácido nalidíxico/ telitromicina/ clindamicina Houve grande diversidade genotípica entre as cepas através do PFGE e do AFLP, e ambas a técnicas apresentaram o mesmo poder discriminatório na análise das cepas isoladas. / Among the known species of the genus Arcobacter, the species A. butzleri, A. cryaerophilus and A. skirrowii are considered potentially zoonotic and can be transmitted by food of animal origin. This study aimed to isolate and characterize phenotypically and genotypically strains of Arcobacter spp from swine carcasses and slaughterhouse environment samples located in the State of São Paulo. The isolated strains were subjected to polymerase chain reaction for identification and detection of a group of putative virulence genes. The minimum inhibitory concentration was determined against nine antimicrobials indicated for the control of infection by the agent and the strains were analyzed by PFGE and by AFLP. Among the 30 carcasses evaluated, 25 were positive for the agent and 70 strains were selected and identified as Arcobacter spp. The isolated species were A. butzleri (n = 61), A. cryaerophilus (n = 7) and A. skirrowii (n = 2). The frequency of virulence genes found ranged from 71.4 % to 100 % for genes tlyA , pldA , cj1349 , ciaB , cadF and mviN . The genes hecA, hecB and irgA were not detected. The virulence profile ciaB/ cj1349/ mviN/ cadF/ pldA/ tlyA was the most frequent and detected in 66 % of the strains. All strains were susceptible to gentamicin and tetracycline and 77.1% were multirresistant, among these the most common profile of resistance was azithromycin/ florfenicol/ nalidixic acid/ telithromycin/ clindamycin There were large genotypic diversity among strains by PFGE and AFLP and both techniques showed the same discriminatory power in the analysis of the isolated strains.

The diploma thesis is devided into four main parts. The first part describes international organizations participating in rail transport, their focus, structure, current issues and goals. The second part analyses new document used in international rail transport - the commnon consignment note CIM/SMGS. In the third and fourth part is explained by way of example of route Mlada Boleslav - Kaluga, how international transport is under way, when this note is used in it.

Der Einsatz von Digital Mock-Up-Techniken (DMU-Techniken) ermöglicht es, die Produktentwicklung effizienter und effektiver zu gestalten. Das Ergebnis der Promotion stellt ein Quality Function Deployment-gestütztes methodisches Verfahren dar, mit dessen Hilfe DMU-Techniken in die Produktentwicklungsprozesse der Automobilindustrie eingeführt werden können. Das methodische Verfahren wurde innerhalb eines großen deutsch-amerikanischen Automobilunternehmens entwickelt. Vorteile des Einführungsverfahrens sind die geringeren Aufwendungen bei der Implementierung von DMU-Techniken. Weitere Vorteile des Einführungsverfahrens sind die strukturierte Dokumentation des Einführungsprozesses, die stringente Verwendung der Kundenanforderungen, die Konzentration des Expertenwissens auf einige wenige Visualisierungstechniken (House of Quality).

Le concept de structure clinique se réfère immédiatement à la classification d’une maladie mentale comme névrose, psychose ou perversion, mais aussi au sous-type nosographique la concernant. Actuellement, les développements de ce concept constituent la principale théorie psychopathologique de l’analyse lacanienne. Toutefois, il y a une disparité de jugement sur sa valeur : (1) quelques auteurs soutiennent une continuité naturelle entre cette théorie et la doctrine de Freud et Lacan ; (2) quelques autres proposent une réorganisation de la nosographie psychanalytique incluant des nouvelles pathologies ; (3) quelques autres, finalement, défendent la disparition complète de ces références théoriques dans la clinique.Cette disparité relève d’une lacune dans le savoir : les fondements des structures cliniques, ainsi que ses enjeux, n’ont pas été encore systématisés. L’objetctif général de ce travail fut de les restituer, afin de déterminer la légitimité de cette théorie en tant qu’interprétation de la pensée de Freud et Lacan, ainsi que sa pertinence dans les débats psychopathologiques actuels.Pour éclairer les filiations symboliques qui soutiennent le concept de structure clinique, une méthode généalogique a été employée. Les résultats démontrent que Freud a utilisé une notion de structure héritée de la science du XIX e siècle pour élaborer ses conceptions psychanalytiques. La référence minéralogique, fournie par son ancien professeur G. Tschermak, a notamment imprégné l’usage freudien de la structure en psychopathologie. Bien que les catégories de névrose, psychose et perversion n’arrivent pas chez lui à se constituer comme un triptyque, il y a dans ses textes une tendance à les considérer dans leurs rapports mutuels, en tant que perturbations de la vie sexuelle. Cette tendance a été récupérée par Lacan à partir de 1953, et déclinée sur son concept de structure – entendue alors comme un ensemble covariant de signifiants – et sur les registres du réel, du symbolique et de l’imaginaire. Les avancées de sa production intellectuelle, telles que l’invention de l’objet petit a et l’introduction des nœuds et des tresses en psychanalyse, auront apporté jusqu’à la fin de ses jours un approfondissement du triptyque freudien.La systématisation de la théorie des structures cliniques a proprement commencée en 1981, quand les membres du Champ freudien ont soudé cet ensemble d’éléments psychopathologiques avec le terme, homonyme et préexistant, de structure clinique. L’enjeu majeur de cette soudure a été de supporter la relation dialectique entre la théorie et la pratique analytique. À présent, le programme de recherche des structures cliniques porte sur les psychoses ordinaires et sur la spécificité de l’autisme. La psychopathologie lacanienne ainsi constitué est interrogée depuis nombreux angles : la proposition d’une structure psychosomatique, la promotion des pathologies borderline, la liquidation post-moderne de la structure perverse, la contrainte des nosographies opérationnalisées (CIM, DSM et PDM). Les conclusions de cette recherche qualifient la théorie des structures cliniques comme une interprétation légitime de la pensée de Freud et de Lacan. Elle est d’autant plus pertinente dans le contexte actuel qu’elle est d’une grande utilité pour l’établissement du diagnostic structural, pour la direction de la cure et pour la transmission du cas clinique. En tant que cartographie du malaise subjectif, la structure clinique signale la référence éthique du psychopathologique, et constitue une résistance et une subversion face à la défaillance contemporaine dans l’appréhension du réel clinique. / The concept of Clinical Structure concerns the classification of a mental disease as neurosis, psychosis or perversion, and its corresponding nosographic sub-type as well. Nowadays, the developments of this concept constitute the main psycho-pathological theory brought about by lacanian psychoanalysis. However, there is a disparity of judgment regarding its value: (1) some authors assert the natural continuity between that theory and the doctrine of Freud and Lacan; (2) some others propose a reorganization of psychoanalytic nosography which includes new pathologies; (3) some others finally advocate a complete disappearance of these theoretical references from clinical studies. This disparity takes on a lack of knowledge: the clinical structures’ foundations, and its stakes, have not yet been systematized. The main objective of this work was to restore them, in order to determine the legitimacy of this theory as an interpretation of Freud’s and Lacan’s thinking, and its appropriateness in contemporary psycho-pathological debates.For clarifying the symbolic filiations that support the concept, a genealogical method has been employed. The results demonstrate that Freud has used a notion of structure inherited from 19th century science to elaborate his psychoanalytical conceptions. The mineralogical reference, provided by his ancient Professor G. Tschermak, has notably permeated the freudien use of the structure in psychopathology. Although he did not constitute the categories of neurosis, psychosis and perversion as a triptych, there is in his textes a tendancy to consider them on their mutual connections, as disturbances of sexual life. This tendancy has been recovered by Lacan since 1953, and declined on his concept of structure (then understood as a co-variant set of signifiers) and on the registers of real, symbolic and imaginary. The advances of his intellectual production, like the invention of the Object petit a and the introduction of knots and braids in psychoanalysis, have brought until the end of his days a deepening of the freudien triptych.Systematization of the theory of clinical structures has properly started in 1981, when the members of the Freudien Field have welded this set of psycho-pathological items to the term, namesake and pre-existing, of clinical structure. The major stake of this welding has been to support the dialectical relationship between the psychoanalytic theory and the practice.Nowadays, the in-depth study of clinical structures is focused on the ordinary psychosis and the specificity of autism. The Lacanian psychopathology thus constituted is questioned from many angles: the proposition of a psychosomatic structure, the promotion of borderline pathology, the Postmodern liquidation of the perverse structure, the constraint of operationalized nosographies (ICD, DSM and PDM).In conclusion, this research confirms the theory of clinical structures as a legitimate interpretation of Freud’s and Lacan’s thinking. It is even more relevant in contemporary context that it has an important utility in order to the establishment of structural diagnose, to the direction of the cure and to the transmission of cases. As a cartography of subjective discomfort, the clinical structure points to the ethical reference of the psycho-pathological, and constitutes a resistance and a subversion facing the contemporary failure in the apprehension of clinical real.

The municipalities' vision of using City Information Modeling (CIM) and Digital Twins (DT) inurban planning, requires prerequisites in place. A prerequisite is BIM, which together with GIS can create CIM.BIM implementation for a municipality involves major challenges and one such challenge is the lack of BIMmodels for existing buildings and infrastructure. However, this study is limited to planned development inconnection with land allocation. BIM implementation for the land allocation process within a medium-sizedSwedish municipality involves many involved actors and thus the need for a mobilization of the involved actorsfrom an ANT-inspired perspective. The purpose of this study is therefore to analyze how an actor network canbe mobilized to implement BIM in the land allocation process. A case study method has been chosen in thisthesis, considering that a well-defined case is identified, and the approach enables a variety of data collectionmethods that have been inspired by the autoethnographic approach because the researcher belongs to the focalactor in the process.