Current requirement of nonvolatile memory (NVM) are high density cell, low-power wastage, high speed operation, and good reliability for the scaling down device. In a conventional nonvolatile memory, once the tunnel oxide develops a leaky path under repeated write/erase operation, all the stored charge will be lost. Therefore, the tunnel oxide thickness is incapable to scale down in terms of charge retention and endurance characteristics. Therefore conventional floating gate (FG) nonvolatile memories (NVMs) present critical issues on device scalability beyond the sub-50nm node. The nonvolatile nanocrystal memories are one of promising candidates to substitute for the conventional floating gate (FG) memories, because the nanocrystal memories storage charge by separated node. So it is not major influence of charge lost from partial oxide layer. The thickness of tunnel oxide can be reduce also can maintain good retention, therefore it is key to lowering operating voltages and increasing operating speeds. Also reduce device to increasing the density of device. The advantages of metal nano-dot compared with other material counterparts include stronger coupling with the conduction channel, a wide range of available work functions, and higher density of states around the Fermi level. Because these advantages. It is possibility of metal nanocrystals nonvolatile memory fabricated in industry in practice. In this thesis, an ease and low temperature fabrication technique of Co-Si-N nanocrystals was demonstrated for the application of nonvolatile memory. The nonvolatile memory structure of Co-Si-N nanocrystals embedded in the SiOx layer was fabricated by sputtering a co-mix target (CoSi2) in an Ar/N2 environment at room temperature. It can be considered that the nitrogen plays a critical role during sputter process for the formation of nanocrystal. In addition, the high density (~1012 cm-2) nanocrystal can be simple and uniform to be fabricated in our study. We also proposed a formation of Co-Si-N nanocrystals by sputtering a co-mix target (CoSi2) in the Ar/NH3 environment at room temperature. It was also found that high density Ni-Si-N nanocrystals embedded in the silicon nitride (SiNx) and larger memory effect. A rapid thermal annealing (RTA) with process temperature at 700¢XC¡B800¢XC and short duration (60sec) was used to form nanocrystals. The charge storage layer of nanorystals embedded in SiNx shows larger memory window and better reliability over nanocrystals embedded in SiOx, due to different distributions of electronic field .

Abstract We investigated the relationship between prevalence and severity of clinical signs of Demodex cafferi infection in freeranging African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) and other factors such as age, sex, pregnancy status, and concomitant infections with bovine tuberculosis (BTB), Rift Valley fever (RVF), and brucellosis (BA). Approximately half of 203 buffalo examined in this study had clinical signs of demodicosis (cutaneous nodules); younger age classes had the highest prevalence and severity of lesions (x2521.4, df56, P50.0015). Nodules were generally limited to the head and neck region, but in severe cases were present over the entire animal. We found no significant association between clinical severity of the Demodex infection and gender, pregnancy status, or infection with BTB, RVF, or BA.

Co-terapi, vilket skulle kunna definieras som en särskild arbetsform där två terapeuter samarbetar i terapirummet, är ett förvånansvärt outforskat koncept, särskilt med tanke på hur ofta co-terapi används i kliniska sammanhang. Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka vilka åsikter och upplevelser legitimerade psykoterapeuter och familjer har kring co-terapi. Tonvikten har legat vid co-terapiteamets samverkan och samspel i och utanför terapirummet. Huvudfrågeställningarna har bl.a. varit vilken inställning terapeuter och familjer har till co-terapi, vad som kännetecknar ett välfungerande samarbete mellan två terapeuter och vad som är viktigt att tänka på när en terapeut skall välja ut en kollega att samarbeta med. Utifrån en kvalitativ metod har semistrukturerade intervjuer genomförts med fyra legitimerade familjeterapeuter och fyra familjer som deltagit i familjeterapeutisk behandling vid de barnpsykiatriska klinikerna i Östersund och Umeå. Resultatet gör gällande att co-terapi är en omtyckt arbetsform som förmodligen ger en högre vårdkvalitet; familjerna känner en stor trygghet i mötet med två terapeuter, och terapeuterna beskriver en förbättrad arbetsmiljö.   Co-terapi framstår också som något kvalitativt sett mer än bara samarbete mellan två terapeuter.

This master thesis includes a literature study and experimental work to understandthe conditions where a binder phase layer, Co-capping, could be produced orinhibited, for three different cermet grades in order to suggest changes in thesintering processes and two production units. The effect of C activity and sinteringatmosphere, e.g. flow rate, pressure were investigated. The results show that the Co-capping occurs on the cooling stage, when the binder phase, Co, solidifies. Co-capping could be inhibited by using a high C activity and high pressure (50 bar). Itwas further found that Co-capping could be evaporated using low pressure, i.e. vacuum, which has not been discussed in earlier studies on Co-capping. Evaporation was also found to have a relation with the solidification temperature of the grades,since grades with higher solidification temperature get Co-capping at a highertemperature, which consequently will be exposed to higher temperatures.

It has been almost 150 years since Darwin’s “The Origin of Species” was published, yet the mechanisms that lead to the creation of new species are still a topic of fervent research in Evolutionary Biology. In the last several decades, there has been considerable interest in how genetic drift and adaptive processes internal to populations may lead to population divergence. It has been recognized that intersexual co-evolution may drive the rapid evolution of reproductive traits, leading to reproductive isolation between populations in allopatry. To explore the nature of this process, I conducted a series of interpopulation interaction experiments using a set of laboratory-evolved Drosophila melanogaster populations. These “B” (for baseline) populations share a common ancestor and had evolved in identical habitats in allopatry for 650-700 generations prior to my experiments. When different populations were combined in competitive fitness assays, I found that foreign males usually suffer depressed fitness when competing with males who share a common evolutionary history with the focal females. I selected a subset of B populations to investigate potential sources of variation that could explain this result. I examined; 1) characters involved in post-copulatory interactions between mates and 2) traits involved in mating behaviour. I found that sperm precedence patterns varied significantly depending on female population of origin and suggestive evidence that males between populations vary in ability to compete in sperm offence. Males also varied in mating behaviour between populations, however we found no evidence that divergence of these traits was correlated to that of traits involved in post-copulatory interactions, suggesting that understanding how intersexual co-evolution drives population divergence requires considering independent components of the reproductive phenotype and their contributions to overall fitness differences. / Thesis (Master, Biology) -- Queen's University, 2008-08-13 12:29:52.602

A number of international research studies have explored the benefits and challenges for post-secondary students who have experienced an international co-operative education assignment (e.g., Bentley & Broons, 1998; Coll & Chapman, 2000; Coll, Pinyonatthagarn & Pramoolsook, 2003; Ward & Laslett, 2004; Wong & Coll, 2001). A small number of studies in this field have suggested that a well organized program includes pre-departure planning, focused orientation programs, and opportunities for reflection (Bentley & Broons, 1998; Ward & Laslett, 2004). Mentoring relationships have also been shown to support the success of workplace opportunities (Collins, 1993; Thuynsma, 1997; Van Gyn & Ricks, 1998). However, the results of the research that highlight the development of various traits during the international experience do not distinguish between pre-placement and post-placement student characteristics that contributed to the students’ success in the international experiences. Therefore more research is required. The purpose of this study was to understand and report on specific factors that contribute to successful international co-operative education experiences from the perspective of college students and the program co-ordinator. The students and co-ordinator were all associated with a work integrated learning opportunity in an international business college program that requires students to complete an international co-operative experience. Three fundamental questions I set out to answer were: (a) What role does the pre-placement program play in students’ success in the international co-operative experience? (b) What characteristics of students and workplace supervisors as perceived by the students contribute to successful international co-operative education experiences? (c) What role, if any, does mentoring by a workplace supervisor play in students’ successful international co-operative education experience? The study findings emphasized the importance of understanding the characteristics that support a successful experience and discuss the implementation of goals for program design and delivery. The findings within the first theme focused on What Helped Students Succeed in the International Placement, the second theme highlighted What Impeded Students’ Success in the International Placement and the final theme outlined Goals Achieved. Most of the categories within the themes were anticipated in the research questions but what was surprising was there was little data on mentoring. / Thesis (Master, Education) -- Queen's University, 2012-01-25 17:23:11.267

The direction of this research is directed by the question ‘How well is co-management working?’ within the context of the arrangements between government agencies and an Indigenous organization. The Girringun Aboriginal Corporation represents the interests of nine Traditional Owner groups and has been involved in working through regional natural resources and protected areas partnerships with government over many years. These partnerships include an Indigenous ranger unit, Australia’s first Traditional Use of Marine Resources Agreement, and the plans for an Indigenous Protected Area, which will be the first over a mainstream multi-tenure area, as well as the first to incorporate both land and sea country. Girringun country is located in Northern Queensland Australia, at the coastal interface of the Wet Tropics and Great Barrier Reef eco regions, which are World Heritage Areas represented by their respective authorities. Other tenures include public freehold lands, State forests and reserves, and National parks.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.