This project is concerned with the set of primes modulo which some monic, irreducible polynomial over the integers has a root, called the Prime Set of the polynomial. We completely characterise these sets for degree 2 polynomials, and develop sufficient machinery from algebraic number theory to show that if the Galois group of a monic, irreducible polynomial over the integers is abelian, then its Prime Set can be written as the union of primes in some congruence classes modulo some integer.

In the present study, nursing and allied health employee's perceptions of job control and the relationship to performance evaluation were explored. Supervisor perceptions of their subordinate's level of job control was assessed with subordinate perceptions of job control, to determine the effects of perceptual congruence on reactions to performance evaluation. In addition, supervisor attributions to subordinate performance was assessed to test the relationship with subordinate responses to performance evaluation. One hundred and forty-four participants including forty-five matched supervisor-subordinate pairs in a large Queensland health care organisation were surveyed. The measures included perceptions of job control, supervisor attributions to subordinate performance and the effects of subordinate reactions to performance evaluation. The results indicated that there were no differences in the perceptions the supervisor held of their employee's job control and the perceptions the subordinate held in relation to their own levels of job control. In addition, it was found that job control significantly contributed to positive reactions to performance evaluation and when there was a close match between supervisor and subordinate perceptions of level of control, there was a resulting positive reaction to performance evaluation. Furthermore, supervisor internal attributions to subordinate performance predicted positive reactions to performance evaluation, when the employee was evaluated as having performed successfully.

Software projects are not developed in isolation. Open source software projects encourage a networked collaboration and interdependence across projects and developers. Recent research has shifted to studying software ecosystems, communities of projects that depend on each other and are developed together. However, identifying technical dependencies at the ecosystem level can be challenging. In this dissertation, we propose a new method, known as reference coupling, for detecting technical dependencies between projects. The method establishes dependencies through user-specified cross-references between projects. We use our method to identify ecosystems in GitHub hosted projects, and we identify several characteristics of the identified ecosystems. Our findings show that most ecosystems are centered around one project and are interconnected with other ecosystems. The predominant type of ecosystems are those that develop tools to support software development. We also found that the project owners’ social behavior aligns well with the technical dependencies within the ecosystem, but project contributors’ social behavior does not align with these dependencies. We conclude with a discussion on future research that is enabled by our reference coupling method. / Graduate / harrison.franc@gmail.com

Submitted by Franciele Moreira (francielemoreyra@gmail.com) on 2018-10-04T12:33:28Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Raul Rodrigues dos Santos - 2018.pdf: 1879658 bytes, checksum: 96c8a59837af9f467513e7904dbac69e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-10-05T14:11:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Raul Rodrigues dos Santos - 2018.pdf: 1879658 bytes, checksum: 96c8a59837af9f467513e7904dbac69e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-05T14:11:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Raul Rodrigues dos Santos - 2018.pdf: 1879658 bytes, checksum: 96c8a59837af9f467513e7904dbac69e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-27 / This dissertation will present a proposal of Arithmetic teaching, starting from the initial years of Education to Higher Education. The reader will find in this work the following contents: Topics of the History of Mathematics, Arithmetic Progressions, Divisibility, Congruence and Summaries. In the sections, we will have examples solved and proposed activities to be solved by the reader. We have two objectives in this research, the first one is to present a proposal that interrelates mathematical contents of Arithmetic, knowing some historical curiosities and demonstrating Theorems, Propositions, Corollaries, solving examples and questions of the Brazilian Games of Mathematics of the Public Schools (OBMEP). And the second is to propose two Theorems and two Corollas of divisibility and congruence. The theorems, definitions, corollaries, demonstrations and etc. of this bibliographical research were, to a large extent, based on established authors as [12], [14], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [22] e [23]. / Esta dissertação apresentará uma proposta de ensino de Aritmética, partindo dos anos iniciais da Educação Básica até o Ensino Superior. O leitor encontrará neste trabalho os seguintes conteúdos: Tópicos da História da Matemática, Progressões Aritméticas, Divisibilidade, Congruência e Somatórios. Nas seções, teremos exemplos resolvidos e atividades propostas a serem solucionados pelo leitor. Temos dois objetivos nesta pesquisa, o primeiro é apresentar uma proposta que inter-relaciona conteúdos matemáticos da Aritmética, conhecendo algumas curiosidades históricas e demonstrando Teoremas, Proposições, Corolários, resolvendo exemplos e questões das Olimpíadas Brasileiras de Matemática das Escolas Públicas (OBMEP). E o segundo é, propor dois Teoremas e dois Corolários de divisibilidade e congruência. Os teoremas, definições, corolários, demonstrações e etc., desta pesquisa bibliográfica, foram, em grande parte, baseados em autores consagrados como [12], [14], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [22] e [23].

A teoria das transforma»ções de superfícies de curvatura constante começou, no fim do século XIX, com o trabalho [3] de A.V. Bäcklund e, em seguida, recebeu importantes contribuições por parte de diversos geômetras, entre eles, L. Bianchi e C. Guichard (veja, por exemplo, [5, 6, 7, 17]). Nessa dissertação apresentamos alguns dos mais importantes resultados desse tópico da geometria diferencial que estão relacionados às superfícies de curvatura média (ou gaussiana não nula) constante. Tais superfícies estão associadas a soluções de equações diferenciais parciais de segunda ordem e não lineares. A interpretação analítica da teoria das transformações de superfícies de curvatura constante nos capacita obter soluções dessas equações diferenciais parciais a partir de uma outra dada, mediante integração de um sistema de equações diferenciais, chamado transformação de Bäcklund. Então, os teoremas de permutabilidade fornecem uma \"fórmula de superposição\" para a construção algébrica de novas soluções / The theory on transformations of surfaces with constant curvature begins, in the late nineteen century, with the article [3] of A.V. Bäcklund and, after, received important contributions from various geometricians, among others, L. Bianchi and C. Guichard (see, for example, [5, 6, 7, 17]). In this dissertation we outline some of the most important results on the theory of surfaces of constant mean (or gaussian) curvature. Such surfaces are associated to the solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations of second order. The analytic interpretation of the theory on transformations of constant curvature surfaces provides a method of obtaining, from a given solution of these partial differential equations, a new solution of the same equation, by integrating a system of differential equations, called Bäcklund transformation. Then, the permutability theorems give a \"superposition formula\" to construct, algebraically, new solutions

Esta dissertação apresenta, aos alunos e professores do ensino Médio, uma noção elementar da criptografia, através de alguns tipos de cifras, a trinca americana e do método de criptografia RSA. Para que isso fosse possível houve a introdução de conceitos básicos entre eles, conjuntos, funções, divisibilidade, números primos, congruência, teorema de Fermat e teorema de Euler, que garantem o funcionamento de algumas dessas cifras, da trinca americana e do sistema RSA. Com relação à trinca americana, que é um sistema que permite comunicar uma troca de chave, iremos propor uma composição de cifras, para que haja uma troca de mensagens e seja um exemplo motivador que introduza o sistema de RSA. Além disso, esses conceitos básicos podem ser úteis ao serem levados à sala de aula como motivação para o aprendizado dos alunos, seja para calcular com mais agilidade e simplicidade determinados exercícios, seja para resolver uma situação problema ou mesmo para descobrir uma nova maneira de visualizar conteúdos já vistos em sala de aula. / This dissertation presentes, to students and high school teachers, an elementary notion of cryptography through some types of cyphers, the asymmetric key algorithm and the RSA encryption method. To make this possible, we introduce basic concepts among them, set theory, functions, divisibility, primes, congruence, Fermat\'s theorem and Euler\'s theorem, which guarantee the functioning of some of these encryptions. Relating to the asymmetric key algorithm, which is a system that allows you to communicate a key exchange, we will propose a set of cyphers, so that it is possible a secure message exchange, which is also a motivating example to introduce the RSA system. In addition, these basic concepts can be useful when being taken to the classroom as the motivation for the learning of students, whether to calculate with more agility and simplicity certain exercises, whether to resolve a situation-problem or even to discover a new way to discuss subjects usually seen in the classroom.

abstract: Despite the population of transgender individuals in the United States doubling from 2011 to 2016, this population is one of the most understudied in psychological science. Of the available research, the associations between gender congruence, defined as an individual’s body matching their gender identity, and well-being have been examined, particularly demonstrating positive associations between gender congruence and overall life satisfaction. However, there remains a dearth of research on the possible associations between gender congruence and relational well-being - particularly sexual satisfaction - and possible moderating effects of the internal negative feelings regarding one’s identity (internalized transphobia). To address these gaps in the literature, this study gathered data from 165 binary transgender men. While there was not an effect of gender congruence on sexual satisfaction, internalized transphobia was found to moderate this association such that individuals who reported high internalized transphobia and high gender congruence reported the highest sexual satisfaction. Results of this study highlight the existing literature on the negative associations between internalized transphobia and well-being for transgender individuals. Implications for counselors are discussed, including advocacy efforts and implementation of techniques to facilitate growth and resilience to help transgender clients navigate the negative effects of internalized transphobia. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Counseling 2020

In this study I examine the joint effect of explanations and monetary incentives on employees' effort allocation decisions in a multi-action setting. A rich literature in economics indicates that monetary incentives substantially influence employees' decisions. This literature demonstrates that the size of the incentive for a given performance measure should consider the measure's sensitivity, congruence and precision. Research in psychology demonstrates the decision influencing effects of explanations (a non-monetary factor) on employees' decisions through perceptions of fairness. I expect that effort allocation decisions are influenced both by explanations and monetary incentives: I hypothesize that providing reasonable and complete explanations substantively alter agents' action choices relative to a setting with monetary incentives alone. Using student subjects in experiments, I find that monetary incentives matter. Moreover, for sizeable monetary incentives, providing a detailed explanation modifies behavior favorably relative to when an unclear explanation is provided. However, for all of the considered monetary incentives, merely requesting a desired course of action is also enough to modify behavior favorably. This study contributes to the accounting literature by providing evidence of a decision influencing benefit associated with the use of explanations such as causal maps employed by firms adopting the balanced scorecard. This study also contributes to the organizational justice literature by providing evidence regarding the interaction effect of multiple antecedents of justice.

Globally, the market for green products and services is worth billions of dollars and is growing year on year at an increasing rate. The following study investigated the congruence between brand image and brand identity within the green marketing space, focusing specifically on Pick ‘n Pay’s Green Line of environmentally friendly household cleaning products.Through interviewing Pick ‘n Pay’s brand manager for their Green Line and one hundred shoppers at Pick ‘n Pay’s on Nicol store in Bryanston, Johannesburg, South Africa, the brand identity and brand image were both respectively characterised. Data was also gathered from the shoppers to allow the brand loyalty and brand equity generated to be determined.This research identified that for Pick ‘n Pay’s Green Line to generate positive brand loyalty and brand equity:<ul><li> A strong alignment between brand image and brand identity must be achieved;</li><li> There must be a strong believability of the green claims made; and</li><li> The credibility (trustworthiness) of the green claims must be sound.</il></ul>A model designed specifically to illustrate and summarise the findings of the research is later presented with the aim of providing brand managers who oversee products with green credentials a quick and simple guide to ensure all is being done to ensure that brand loyalty and brand equity for their products may be maximized. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

Background:Brand gender is the set of human personality traits associated with masculinity and femininity applicable and relevant to brands. Brand gender perceptions can be affected through a range of different marketing techniques, to attract specific customers, and positively influence their consumer-brand relationships and their brand equity. Similar to past marketing techniques used by tobacco companies who targeted women with cigarettes using slogans such as “Torches of Freedom” and the message that smoking makes you slim, marketers are now trying to change consumer perceptions of snus, a tobacco product originating from Sweden, where a drastic increase in usage among women can be seen.  Problem: Previous literature on the topic of brand gender has mainly focused on products and product categories that are highly connected to consumers’ self-presentation. Current literature also expresses the need for future research to be done using specific brands and product categories. Researchers have also expressed the need for examination of brand gender in contexts of highly feminine cultures.  Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine if LYFT’s marketing portrays a clear brand gender positioning and to see how consumers perceive gendered branding. The aim is to expand existing knowledge on brand love, brand gender congruence and brand-gender positioning, using a product category that is less connected to consumers’ self-presentation. To fulfil the purpose of this research, a content analysis of LYFT’s Instagram was conducted, followed by an analysis of regular users of snus to identify their perceptions and relationships with LYFT. Method: This study has followed a mixed-method approach, where a quantitative content analysis of LYFT’s Instagram has been executed, followed by eight qualitative semi-structured interviews of regular users of snus in the age range of 22-28 years in Sweden who are highly familiar with LYFT. The interviews were analysed following interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA).  Results: The interview participants perceived LYFT’s typical customer, their communication, as well as their product attributes and benefits to be feminine, which was consistent with the results of the content analysis. Congruent with previous research, this study found that the typical user of the brand had the most significant effect on brand gender perceptions and that a strong brand gender positioning can enhance brand love. However, the study also found that female individuals were less likely to consume masculine products or product categories than what previous studies have claimed. This study is useful for marketing practitioners wanting to enhance their customer-brand relationships through clear brand gendering and shows the importance of utilizing marketing techniques such as social media to affect consumer perceptions of brand gender.