<p>In this thesis, several national methods used for investigating and/or assessing potentially contaminated sites have been analysed from a sustainable development perspective. To add a practical perspective to the analysis, a case study of the Swedish method’s initial site investigation was performed. The aim was to see how the national methods take the sustainable development aspects into consideration and based on the results see which method that would be most suitable when working towards sustainable development. The results showed that the methods do take the aspects of sustainable development into consideration. Based on how the aspects were taken into consideration, the methods used in the United Kingdom (England and Wales) and Norway are considered to be the most suitable when working towards sustainable development. The case study showed that differences between the theoretical and practical work can be found, and that the economic aspect in particular is given more priority in praxis.</p>

This thesis dealt with the techniques that could be used for the pre-assessment of contaminated sites. The goals of the thesis were based on a simple fact that every contaminated site possesses certain potential to degrade natural resources, specifically groundwater and land resources. The thesis focused on using mathematical and statistical techniques to predict the maximum length of contaminated plumes or Lmax, which it considered as a key parameter that could be used for the site assessment. As the first thesis work, data from KORA sites were compiled and analysed. From the analyses, it was found that the Lmax for BTEX plumes are in average under 150 m long. Further, for this work, Analytical Models that can be used to estimate Lmax were reviewed and, examples comparing model and fifield Lmax were presented. The second work for the thesis focused on a development and analysis of a new 3D-analytical model for a fifinite planar and fully penetrating source. An implicit expression for predicting Lmax was obtained. The analysis of the developed model suggested that the longest Lmax will result if the source takes an approximately square shape. The last part of the thesis improved the 3D-analytical model obtained in the second work by presenting an expression for a fifinite planar source that only partially penetrates the aquifer. For this work, a very simple numerical technique was developed that not only simplififies numerical analysis of the scenarios considered in this thesis but it also bears potentials to be used for very complex subsurface reaction transport scenarios. This thesis has been successful in narrowing research-gaps on problems related to contaminated sites management. / Diese Doktorarbeit befasste sich mit Methoden, welche für eine Vorabbewertung von kontaminierten Standorten genutzt werden können. Die Ziele der Arbeit basierten auf dem einfachen Fakt, dass jeder kontaminierte Standort ein bestimmtes Potential besitzt, natürliche Ressourcen, speziell Grundwasser- und Bodenressourcen, in ihrer Qualität negativ zu beeinträchtigen. Die Arbeit war auf die Nutzung mathematischer und statistischer Techniken zur Abschätzung der maximalen Schadstofffahnenlänge, auch Lmax, fokussiert, welche als entscheidender Parameter für die Standortbewertung genutzt werden kann. Der erste Teil der Doktorarbeit beinhaltete die Zusammenstellung und Analyse von Daten einer Vielzahl von KORA-Standorten. Anhand dieser Untersuchungen konnte festgestellt werden, dass Lmax von BTEX-Fahnen im Mittel unterhalb von 150 m liegt. Des Weiteren wurden für diese Arbeit analytische Modelle, welche für die Abschätzung von Lmax genutzt werden können, kritisch bewertet und vergleichende Beispiele zwischen mit Modellierung bestimmter und im Feld ermittelter Lmax präsentiert. Der zweite Teil der Doktorarbeit zielte auf die Entwicklung und Analyse eines neuen dreidimensionalen, analytischen Models für eine finite, planare und über die komplette Mächtigkeit vorherrschende Quelle ab. Es konnte ein impliziter mathematischer Ausdruck zur Vorhersage von Lmax gewonnen werden. Die Analyse des Models wies darauf hin, dass maximale Lmax erreicht werden, wenn die Quelle eine annähernd quadratische Form aufweist. Der letzte Teil der Doktorarbeit diente der Weiterentwicklung des dreidimensionalen, analytischen Modells aus dem zweiten Teil durch die Entwicklung eines Ausdrucks für eine finite, planare Quelle, welche jedoch nur teilweise die Mächtigkeit des Grundwasserleiters kontaminiert. Für diese Arbeit wurde ein sehr einfacher numerischer Ansatz entwickelt, welcher die numerische Analyse der in dieser Arbeit berücksichtigten Szenarien nicht einfach nur erleichtert, sondern auch das Potential beinhaltet diesen auf komplexe, reaktive Transportszenarien im Untergrund anzuwenden. Abschließend kann gesagt werden, dass diese Arbeit erfolgreich zur Verringerung von Forschungslücken in der Problematik des Managements kontaminierter Standorte beigetragen hat.

11 Fachbeiträge dokumentieren die Ergebnisse der aktuellen Projekt- und Forschungsarbeit des Landesamtes in den Themenbereichen Grundwasser, Altlasten und Boden.

Submitted by Carolina Reame Santos (c.reamesantos@gmail.com) on 2018-06-14T13:21:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SANTOS, Carolina Reame.pdf: 4661171 bytes, checksum: 4e296455dae27f827e28306db59116d2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Aparecida Puerta null (dripuerta@rc.unesp.br) on 2018-06-14T17:46:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_cr_me_rcla.pdf: 4661171 bytes, checksum: 4e296455dae27f827e28306db59116d2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-14T17:46:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_cr_me_rcla.pdf: 4661171 bytes, checksum: 4e296455dae27f827e28306db59116d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-18 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Diversas mudanças nos modelos sociais e econômicos desenvolvidos nas cidades podem, muitas vezes, criar ambientes insustentáveis do ponto de vista ambiental. É o caso do surgimento de brownfields, áreas que possuíam uma função anterior, e que por motivos geralmente econômicos, são abandonadas, podendo herdar passivos ambientais. Porém, estes espaços podem ser descontaminados, reutilizados e adquirir nova função. Depois de realizar diversos projetos de remediação de áreas contaminadas, um consórcio da União Europeia criou o Tailored Improvement of Brownfield Regeneration in Europe (TIMBRE) projeto que tem o objetivo de remediar áreas contaminadas levando em consideração aspectos do meio físico e socioeconômico, se adaptando à realidade dos locais e às necessidades dos envolvidos. Nesse sentido, a presente dissertação teve o objetivo de aplicar o método TIMBRE de forma simplificada na Região dos Lagos de Santa Gertrudes (RLSG), considerando as investigações ambientais já realizadas na área e instrumentos de planejamento urbano e territorial, visando a elaboração de uma proposta de gerenciamento ambiental. Após o levantamento bibliográfico inicial, que possibilitou o conhecimento da situação legal sobre áreas contaminadas no país, especialmente no Estado de São Paulo, foi possível caracterizar a área de estudo em aspectos físicos e socioambientais. Após a interpolação dos dados obtidos nessa etapa para o método TIMBRE, foi possível elaborar três categorias de análise nos resultados, sendo um banco de dados bibliográfico, a questão do planejamento urbano e territorial no município de Santa Gertrudes e a caracterização da contaminação existente na RLSG. Os resultados possibilitaram a elaboração de uma proposta de gerenciamento ambiental que, ao utilizar os instrumentos de planejamento, enfatizou a adaptabilidade do método à realidade brasileira, contribuindo para uma gestão integrada da área ao unir diversos setores da sociedade. / Various changes in the social and economic models developed in cities can often create environmentally unsustainable environments. It is the case of the emergence of brownfields, areas that had a previous function, and for economic reasons, are abandoned, being able to inherit environmental liabilities. However, these sites can be decontaminated, reused and acquire new functions. After undertaking several remediation projects for contaminated sites, the European Union created a consortium named Tailored Improvement of Brownfield Regeneration in Europe (TIMBRE) project which aims to remedy contaminated areas taking into account aspects of the physical and socioeconomic environment, adapting to the reality of the sites and the needs of those involved. In this sense, this dissertation aimed to apply the TIMBRE method in a simplified way in the Santa Gertrudes Lake Region (RLSG), considering the environmental investigations already carried out in the area and instruments of urban and territorial planning, aiming at the elaboration of an environmental management proposal. After the initial bibliographic survey, which enabled the knowledge of the legal situation on contaminated areas in Brazil, especially in the State of São Paulo, it was possible to characterize the study area in physical and socio-environmental aspects. After the interpolation of the data obtained in the previous step for the TIMBRE method, it was possible to elaborate three categories of analysis in the results, being a bibliographic database, the question of the urban and territorial planning in the municipality of Santa Gertrudes and the characterization of the existing contamination in the RLSG. The results allowed the elaboration of an environmental management proposal that, when using the planning instruments, emphasized the adaptability of the method to the Brazilian reality, contributing to an integrated management of the area by uniting diverse sectors of society. / CNPq: 144255/2015-4.

Postos revendedores de combustíveis configuram-se como empreendimentos efetiva ou potencialmente poluidores e capazes de gerar impactos ambientais. Este estudo objetivou avaliar os procedimentos empregados no gerenciamento de áreas contaminadas por hidrocarbonetos em postos revendedores e a efetividade das práticas adotadas. A análise baseou-se nos documentos apensados aos Processos de Licenciamento Ambiental de três empreendimentos deste ramo de atividade. Os empreendimentos foram selecionados do Banco de Dados da FEPAM. Os três casos haviam concluído o processo de remediação e se encontravam na etapa de monitoramento para reabilitação. Verificou-se, em todos os casos analisados, que durante a investigação ambiental não foi realizada a delimitação horizontal e vertical das plumas de contaminação, com o estabelecimento do gradiente de concentração das substâncias químicas de interesse, tampouco foram realizadas análises do solo para verificar a demanda de oxidante pela matéria orgânica naturalmente presente. Nos Casos de Estudo 1 e 2, a contaminação ficou restrita à área do empreendimento e o sistema de remedição empregado foi operacionalizado até atingir os valores das referências normativas. No Caso de Estudo 3, ao contrário, a contaminação se estendeu para além dos limites do empreendimento, inclusive com a presença de produto em fase livre. Neste Caso, foi realizada a Análise de Risco à Saúde Humana, para verificar se as concentrações das substâncias químicas de interesse apresentavam riscos à saúde humana. Nos três casos estudados foi empregado o sistema de remediação ativa por oxidação química in situ com o reagente Fenton como oxidante. Salvo algumas oportunidades de melhoria identificadas, os sistemas de remediação empregados atingiram as metas de reabilitação pretendidas, mas deve-se ressalvar que em todos os casos as ações visando à identificação e eliminação do passivo ambiental não foram imediatas, estendendo-se ao longo do tempo, o que faz a ação do órgão ambiental assumir relevância no estabelecimento de prazos e metas. / Fuel stations are configured as enterprises effectively or potentially polluters and able to generate environmental impacts. This study aimed to evaluate the procedures employed in the management of areas contaminated with hydrocarbons in fuel stations and the effectiveness of the practices adopted. The analysis was based on documents attached to the Environmental Licensing Processes of three enterprises of this field of activity. The enterprises were selected from the database of FEPAM. The three cases had completed the remediation process and were in the monitoring stage for rehabilitation. In all the analyzed cases, it was found that during the environmental investigation the horizontal and vertical contamination plumes was not carried out, with the establishment of the concentration gradient of the chemicals of interest, and also the soil analysis to verify the oxidant demand for the organic matter naturally present was not performance. In Study Cases 1 and 2, contamination was restricted to the area of the enterprise and the remediation system operated to the normative reference values. In Case Study 3, on the other hand, a contamination extended beyond the limits of the enterprise, including the presence of product in free phase. In this case, a Human Health Risk Assessment was performed to verify if concentrations of the chemicals of interest presented risk to human health. In the three cases studied, it was employed the active remediation system for in situ chemical oxidation with Fenton reagent as oxidant. Except for some identified improvement opportunities, the remediation systems employed reached the intended rehabilitation goals, but it should be noted that the actions aiming at identifying and eliminating the environmental liabilities were not immediate, extending over time. This makes the action of the environmental agency to assume relevant importance in establishing deadlines and goals.

Postos revendedores de combustíveis configuram-se como empreendimentos efetiva ou potencialmente poluidores e capazes de gerar impactos ambientais. Este estudo objetivou avaliar os procedimentos empregados no gerenciamento de áreas contaminadas por hidrocarbonetos em postos revendedores e a efetividade das práticas adotadas. A análise baseou-se nos documentos apensados aos Processos de Licenciamento Ambiental de três empreendimentos deste ramo de atividade. Os empreendimentos foram selecionados do Banco de Dados da FEPAM. Os três casos haviam concluído o processo de remediação e se encontravam na etapa de monitoramento para reabilitação. Verificou-se, em todos os casos analisados, que durante a investigação ambiental não foi realizada a delimitação horizontal e vertical das plumas de contaminação, com o estabelecimento do gradiente de concentração das substâncias químicas de interesse, tampouco foram realizadas análises do solo para verificar a demanda de oxidante pela matéria orgânica naturalmente presente. Nos Casos de Estudo 1 e 2, a contaminação ficou restrita à área do empreendimento e o sistema de remedição empregado foi operacionalizado até atingir os valores das referências normativas. No Caso de Estudo 3, ao contrário, a contaminação se estendeu para além dos limites do empreendimento, inclusive com a presença de produto em fase livre. Neste Caso, foi realizada a Análise de Risco à Saúde Humana, para verificar se as concentrações das substâncias químicas de interesse apresentavam riscos à saúde humana. Nos três casos estudados foi empregado o sistema de remediação ativa por oxidação química in situ com o reagente Fenton como oxidante. Salvo algumas oportunidades de melhoria identificadas, os sistemas de remediação empregados atingiram as metas de reabilitação pretendidas, mas deve-se ressalvar que em todos os casos as ações visando à identificação e eliminação do passivo ambiental não foram imediatas, estendendo-se ao longo do tempo, o que faz a ação do órgão ambiental assumir relevância no estabelecimento de prazos e metas. / Fuel stations are configured as enterprises effectively or potentially polluters and able to generate environmental impacts. This study aimed to evaluate the procedures employed in the management of areas contaminated with hydrocarbons in fuel stations and the effectiveness of the practices adopted. The analysis was based on documents attached to the Environmental Licensing Processes of three enterprises of this field of activity. The enterprises were selected from the database of FEPAM. The three cases had completed the remediation process and were in the monitoring stage for rehabilitation. In all the analyzed cases, it was found that during the environmental investigation the horizontal and vertical contamination plumes was not carried out, with the establishment of the concentration gradient of the chemicals of interest, and also the soil analysis to verify the oxidant demand for the organic matter naturally present was not performance. In Study Cases 1 and 2, contamination was restricted to the area of the enterprise and the remediation system operated to the normative reference values. In Case Study 3, on the other hand, a contamination extended beyond the limits of the enterprise, including the presence of product in free phase. In this case, a Human Health Risk Assessment was performed to verify if concentrations of the chemicals of interest presented risk to human health. In the three cases studied, it was employed the active remediation system for in situ chemical oxidation with Fenton reagent as oxidant. Except for some identified improvement opportunities, the remediation systems employed reached the intended rehabilitation goals, but it should be noted that the actions aiming at identifying and eliminating the environmental liabilities were not immediate, extending over time. This makes the action of the environmental agency to assume relevant importance in establishing deadlines and goals.

O processo de desenvolvimento industrial que incorporou o conhecimento técnico-científico gerou, sem dúvidas, vários avanços à humanidade; no entanto também acabou por produzir toda uma série de riscos, dentre eles os ambientais, que hoje, afetam diretamente, o próprio homem. A contaminação do solo e das águas subterrâneas vem ampliar a gama destes riscos, em particular nos grandes centros urbanos, onde a indústria se fez presente. A desconcentração industrial expõe mais claramente esta problemática ambiental, na medida em que, frente à demanda existente, muitos terrenos ocupados anteriormente pela atividade fabril, passam a receber novos usos. O propósito deste trabalho será discutir a relação existente entre o desenvolvimento da sociedade industrial e a construção da sociedade contemporânea, também conhecida como sociedade do risco; e a partir daí demonstrar a existência de uma territorialidade do risco em São Paulo proveniente da contaminação do solo e das águas subterrâneas. Será discutido ainda, as políticas públicas ambientais, em particular àquelas voltadas para a gestão das áreas contaminadas em São Paulo. / The process of industrial development, which incorporated the technical-scientific knowledge, generated undoubtedly several advances to the humankind; however, it also ended up producing a series of risks, the environmental ones among them, which affect directly the own man. The soil and groundwater contamination contribute to enlarge the range of these risks, particularly in the great urban centers, where the industry was present. The industrial desconcentration reveals more clearly this environmental issue, as many plots previously occupied by industrial activity begin to receive new uses. The purpose of this work is to show the relationship between the industrial society development and the construction of the contemporary society, also known as risk society, and from this point, to demonstrate the existence of a territoriality of the risk in São Paulo, originating in the soil and groundwater contamination. The environmental public policies will be also discussed, in particular those ones aiming at contaminated sites management in São Paulo.

In this thesis, several national methods used for investigating and/or assessing potentially contaminated sites have been analysed from a sustainable development perspective. To add a practical perspective to the analysis, a case study of the Swedish method’s initial site investigation was performed. The aim was to see how the national methods take the sustainable development aspects into consideration and based on the results see which method that would be most suitable when working towards sustainable development. The results showed that the methods do take the aspects of sustainable development into consideration. Based on how the aspects were taken into consideration, the methods used in the United Kingdom (England and Wales) and Norway are considered to be the most suitable when working towards sustainable development. The case study showed that differences between the theoretical and practical work can be found, and that the economic aspect in particular is given more priority in praxis.

No description available.

Neun Fachbeiträge dokumentieren die Ergebnisse der aktuellen Projekt- und Forschungsarbeit des Landesamtes im Bereich Grundwasser und Altlasten. Themen sind u. a. diffuse Schwermetallbelastungen in 10 Grundwasserkörpern, die nach Wasserrahmenrichtlinie im schlechten chemischen Zustand ausgewiesen wurden, die Umsetzung der EG-Wasserrahmenrichtlinie in von Punktquellen beeinflussten Grundwasserkörpern und die bisherigen Ergebnisse des internationalen Projektes SHARP. Weitere Beiträge befassen sich mit dem Bearbeitungsstand und dem Handlungsbedarf der im Sächsischen Altlastenkataster (SALKA) erfassten Flächen, dem Gefährdungspotenzial von Gärtnereien und den altlastenbezogenen Bewertungs- und Analyseempfehlungen für kurzkettige Alkylphenole.