Dementia is a progressive syndrome with declines in cognitive and functional abilities. As the world’s population becomes increasingly older, prevalence rates are expected to increase exponentially to over 80 million affected by the year 2040. Individuals with dementia and their caregivers experience various difficulties associated with progression that increases stress for both parties. Caregiving can be burdensome and caregivers may employ a number of strategies to manage problems as they arise. Renewed interest has been focused on the care environment as one way to modify dementia progression as caregivers can be an influential person in the care recipient’s life. Two hundred sixty-six dyads consisting of persons with dementia and their caregivers were examined to investigate whether caregiving coping strategies influenced the care recipient’s time to severe dementia, institutionalization, and death. Using the Ways of Coping Checklist (WCCL-R), latent profile analysis was used to examine whether caregivers could be categorized based on their use of coping strategies. Results indicated that caregivers could be profiled based on their use of coping strategies on the WCCL-R, as follows: problem-focused, acceptance-based, emotionfocused, and low coping classes. While there was good assignment for the latent classes, caregiver characteristics were not predictive of these groups per multinomial logistic regression. Cox regression was used to analyze survival times to the clinical outcomes of severe dementia, institutionalization, and mortality. While the latent profiles did not predict survival time to the three outcomes, the emotion-focused class (n =12) showed a trend in predicting hazard of death (HR = .522, p = .066, 95% CI = .261-1.045). Longer duration of dementia was associated with higher hazard of severe dementia (HR = 1.181, p = .003, 95% CI = 1.057-1.319), while older age of dementia onset was associated with higher hazard of death (HR = 1.085, p Although caregiver coping profiles did not predict survival times for clinical outcomes, the successful classification of caregivers based on utilization of coping strategies may provide a useful way to study both caregiver and care recipient outcomes.

As students mature the types and frequency of stressors increase with age. Notably, middle school can be a stressful transition period that includes new peer relationships and hormonal changes, along with an increased probability of experiencing bullying and suicide ideation. Stress has been shown to have negative effects in psychological and physiological functioning among adolescents (Brietzke et al., 2012; De Young, Kenardy, & Cobham, 2011; Green et al., 2010). Effective coping skills can help to buffer these issues, giving adolescents a repertoire of tools to use. Along with that, proper emotional regulation has been shown decrease the negative effects of stress on adolescents (Berking & Whitley, 2014; Braet et al., 2014; Moriya & Takashi, 2013). These skills may be particularly important amongst adolescents living in rural areas, as they face unique and often more difficult challenges compared their urban counterparts (Imig, Bokemeier, Keefe, Struthers, & Imig, 1997; Sherman, 2006). However, research exploring rural populations is limited and does not focus on the mostly rural populated areas of the southern United States (Strong, Del Grosso, Burwick, Jethwani, & Ponza, 2005). To address the gaps in research, the purpose of the current study was to investigate if coping response styles predicted perceived stress scores in middle school students living in rural areas. Additionally, the purpose was to explore if emotional regulation moderated the relationship between coping and perceived stress. Multiple regression analysis was used to explore the predictability of coping on perceived stress scores (i.e., Perceived Stress Scale). Moreover, hierarchal regression analysis was used to explore moderation of emotional regulation on coping and perceived stress. Data were collected from a northeastern school in a rural area in Mississippi from a sample of 149 middle school students. The results indicated that coping is a statistically significant predictor of perceived stress scores, indicating that the better a student was at coping, the less likely he or she was to report perceived stress. Lastly, results revealed that a student’s emotional regulation does not strengthen or weaken their coping responses effect on perceived stress. Understanding how theses variables work together will provide educators with knowledge that is vital to development of prevention and intervention strategies.

Introduktion/Bakgrund: Bröstcancer är den vanligaste cancerformen bland kvinnor och behandlas oftast med mastektomi. Situationen innebär en livsomställning med kampen för att överleva och att sedan behöva anpassa sig till sin nya kropp. För att hantera stressfulla situationer används copingstrategier. Sjuksköterskan ska ha kunskap om copingstrategier och ge patienter stöd i att hantera fysiska och psykiska konsekvenser av cancer och cancerbehandling. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa copingstrategier hos kvinnor med bröstcancer efter en mastektomi. Metod: Litteraturstudien gjordes utifrån Roséns (2017) modell för en systematisk översikt. Systematiska sökningar gjordes i Cinahl, PsycInfo och PubMed. En induktiv ansats tillämpades och författarna identifierade tillsammans copingstrategier som delades in för att bilda teman och underteman.  Resultat: Resultatet baserades på sju kvalitativa artiklar och mynnade ut i två teman; Acceptans och Undvikande. Dessa delades sedan in i nio underteman. Slutsats: För att hantera mastektomin använde sig kvinnorna av acceptans eller undvikande. Genom acceptans kunde de acceptera sin situation och få hjälp i att hantera jobbiga stunder men också minska upplevelsen av besvär. Undvikande strategier gav dem möjlighet att fly undan tanken på sin situation och upprätthålla en bild av ”normalitet”.

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The purpose of the current study was to understand the lived experiences and perspectives of high-functioning survivors of moderate or severe childhood maltreatment (CM) as related to the role of athletic participation in the development of their resilience. We emailed and screened Division I student-athletes from universities across the U. S. who did not meet criteria for a traumatic stress disorder. Using a constructivist grounded theory approach and constant comparison methodology, we obtained and analyzed interview data from 13 participants. The pathways through which participation in childhood athletics supported their coping include receiving social support from coaches and teammates, being present and engaged in their athletic participation, feeling relatively safe in their athletic environment, and spending time away from the main perpetrators of the CM. After applying concepts from existing literature to our data, we developed hypotheses to explain the processes by which participation in youth sport fosters resilience. For example, sport participation may provide opportunities for corrective emotional experiences that help young athletes heal. In addition, based on self-determination theory, maltreated elite athletes may benefit from sport participation because it meets their three basic needs (i.e., autonomy, mastery, and relatedness). We conclude this study with suggested implications for researchers and clinicians, as well as recommendations related to the training and education of coaches in terms of CM.

An explanatory model of stress and coping among dual-career partners examined the influence of role overload on individual coping strategies and relational coping resources as mediators, using marital quality as the measured outcome. Individual coping strategies included problem-focused and emotion-focused coping. Relational coping resources included maintenance behaviors, cooperative negotiation, and coercive negotiation. Data from a sample of 226 married, dual-career partners were subjected to a path analysis using a series of multiple regressions. Findings generally supported the proposed model. Results suggest that both individual coping strategies and relational coping resources mediated the stressor effects of role overload on marital quality / Ph. D.

A qualitative inquiry was launched to explore occupational stress among Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNAs). Four research questions were posed: 1) What are the roles and responsibilities of the CRNAs as they see them? 2) What are the CRNAs perceived stressors encountered on the job? 3) What are their coping strategies related to the perceived stressors? 4) What is the relationship between CRNA job stress and interpersonal work connections? Twenty CRNAs, with varying anesthetic backgrounds, and 15 of their co-workers from North Carolina and Tennessee participated in the study. Semi-structured interviews, clinical observations, and artifact data (i.e., photographs) were employed to answer the research questions. The perceived occupational-related stressors that were recognized by the CRNAs pertain specifically to patient care, anesthesia work in general, interpersonal job relationships, inadequate surgical preparation, the operating room environment, and physical stressors. Staying focused upon the task at hand (i.e., patient care), the use of humor, verbalization and internalization of concerns, along with adopting personal hobbies were identified by the anesthetists as coping mechanisms to combat work-related stress. The participants take their professional duties to their patients and devotion to their fellow colleagues seriously - so much so that they rarely take vacation time or sick leave. After data analysis, six major themes surfaced: the role of being an attentive, reliable co-worker alleviates the antagonism found within OR relationships; maintaining open lines of communication is an effective way to address concerns and prevent staff conflict; among the CRNAs, occupational-related stressors create concern for patient safety; interpersonal work relations cause more stress than any of the other perceived job stressors; engaging in personal hobbies assists the CRNA in coping with work-related stress; and the nurse anesthetists' work lives are not as stressful as their personal lives. The answers to the research questions and the themes underscore the necessity that the shortage of Registered Nurses and anesthetists needs to be addressed in order to more effectively tackle the participants perceived stressors. In addition, employers can adopt concrete measures in assisting CRNAs with handling occupational stress, such as offering mandatory in-servicing and adequate time to attend in-servicing. / Ph. D.