COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the novel coronavirus. It presents as an acute respiratory illness, however, it also affects multiple other organ systems. One such unique manifestation is systemic coagulopathy involving arterial and venous systems. We present a 29-year-old woman with Hodgkin's lymphoma, who was diagnosed with COVID-19 infection prior to initiating chemotherapy. Two months after resolution of symptoms and testing negative for COVID-19, she presented with multiple acute thromboembolic complications of the infection, including bilateral jugular venous thrombosis, right atrial clot and arterial emboli in the brain resulting in cerebrovascular injury. These were thought to be delayed manifestations of the systemic coagulopathy secondary to infection. Also, some of these thromboembolic phenomena occurred while the patient was on anticoagulation, which emphasises the extensive hyperinflammatory state caused by the virus. This case highlights the importance of thromboprophylaxis especially in high-risk patients with this infection.

Just nine months after the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 a global pandemic, the Food and Drug Administration granted emergency use authorization (EUA) for the Pfizer-BioNtech and Moderna vaccines in December 2020, followed by EUA for the Johnson & Johnson vaccine in February 2021. Although achieving herd immunity through vaccinations is the greatest hope for ending the pandemic, the COVID-19 vaccination effort has been plagued by misinformation and mistrust. Given the urgency to vaccinate the population, public health officials must construct messages that encourage individuals to obtain the COVID-19 vaccine. The current study examines the impact of linguistic assignment of agency on an individual’s desire to get vaccinated. Guided by the EPPM, participants (N= 296) were randomly assigned to receive either a virus agentic message or a human agentic message. The researchers discovered that the virus agentic message resulted in a greater intention to obtain the vaccine. Further, participants who received the virus agentic message reported a stronger sense of perceived self-efficacy and perceived susceptibility. Additionally, participants who perceived the societal reaction to the pandemic to be appropriate, as well as those who knew at least one person who had died from the virus, were more likely to express an intention to get vaccinated.

Objective. To characterize the impact of COVID-19 transitions on first professional year (P1) students’ domain-specific and overall well-being. Methods. All P1 students (N=74) enrolled at one college of pharmacy self-reported their career, community, financial, physical, social, and overall well-being on a weekly basis from January 6 through April 27, 2020. Parametric statistical tests and effect sizes were used to compare well-being scores pre-transition and post-transition and to compare well-being scores to a previous cohort of P1 students. Results. Mean well-being scores decreased when comparing pre-transition vs post-transition scores, with effect sizes ranging from dav=.16 for financial well-being to dav=.84 for social well-being. The average percent of students that reported struggling increased by 86.1% (16.8% vs 31.2%) post-tran-sition, and the average percent of students that reported suffering post-transition was 351% higher (1.3% vs 6%) than pre-transition. Conclusion. Pharmacy students’ domain specific and overall well-being significantly decreased with COVID-19-related transitions. The percentage of students reporting struggling or suffering significantly increased post-transition.

Introducción: Evaluar la calidad de vida de adultos mayores que pertenecen a los Centros del Adulto Mayor (CAM) de la Seguridad Social durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Material y métodos: Se recolectó información mediante llamadas telefónicas a adultos mayores de 60 años de los CAM. La calidad de vida fue evaluada con el cuestionario EQ-5D-3L, que considera las dimensiones de movilidad, cuidado personal, actividades cotidianas, dolor / malestar y ansiedad/depresión y una escala analógica de 0 a 100. Se midió la presencia de depresión, ansiedad, comorbilidades y el estado funcional. Se realizó un análisis bivariado con pruebas no paramétricas para evaluar la asociación entre covariables y la escala analógica de calidad de vida. Además, se realizó un análisis de regresión simple usando modelos lineales generalizados de la familia de Poisson para evaluar variables asociadas a la presencia de problemas en las dimensiones de calidad de vida. Resultados: Participaron 99 adultos mayores, en su mayoría mujeres (84,9%) la edad promedio fue 73,1 años, 83,3% tenían un nivel educativo superior y 86,7% vivían acompañados. Los adultos mayores con obesidad, enfermedades pulmonares, imposibilidad de manejar su propio dinero, fatiga y problemas de audición reportaron un puntaje menor al promedio (<78,9) en la escala de calidad de vida. Las enfermedades osteoarticulares y la sensación de fatiga incrementan la probabilidad de sufrir problemas de movilidad, de realizar actividades cotidianas y de dolor/malestar. Conclusiones: La calidad de vida de los adultos mayores es influida por multiples factores que se deben abordar para mejorar su bienestar físico y mental.

Introducción: La pandemia de la COVID-19 ha generado un incremento de la información sobre esta enfermedad, por lo que es fundamental garantizar la credibilidad y confiabilidad de las páginas web que brindan esta información. Objetivo: Evaluar la confiabilidad de la información sanitaria en español sobre la COVID-19 en el motor de búsqueda Google considerando los criterios de la herramienta HONcode. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional de corte transversal. Las páginas web de Google se analizaron en diciembre del 2020 desde Lima-Perú, utilizando 4 términos de búsqueda. Se evaluó la confiabilidad de la información sanitaria de las páginas web mediante la herramienta HONcode (versión 3.1.3). Se clasificaron según la fuente de información y su procedencia. El análisis estadístico se realizó para un nivel de significancia de p<0,05. Resultados: Se evaluaron 200 páginas web en español, el 16,5% poseían certificado HONcode, la mayoría fue de la OMS (33,3%), la principal fuente de información fue “académica-profesional” (30,0%). Además, el 33,0% de las páginas web eran peruanas, siendo mayormente de tipo gubernamental (42,4%), pero ninguna tenía certificado HONcode. Conclusiones: Solo una de cada seis páginas web proporcionaba información sanitaria confiable sobre la COVID-19. Además, se distingue la presencia de las páginas web de la OMS en proveer información sanitaria sobre la COVID-19 en Google. Si bien este estudio destaca las páginas web de organismos internacionales, se requiere fortalecer la comunicación desde las páginas web gubernamentales peruanas.

The aim of this study is to quantify and investigate the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on non-financial South African firms listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. The study implemented the Merton (1974) model on the 59 largest non-financial firms and calculated the probability of default for each firm before the pandemic and during the pandemic as at each firm's financial year-end. The default probabilities are calculated predominantly from the value and volatility of firm equity. The results emphasize that the Covid-19 pandemic, on average, had a dramatic impact on the probability of default of publicly traded South African firms. The observed increase in default probability was found to be statistically significant at the 5% significance level.

A literature review was performed to examine the existing research on COVID-19 lockdown as it relates to ADHD child/adolescent individuals, media use, and impact on their educational performance and learning. It was surmised that with the COVID-19 epidemic prompting a transition to remote learning, a less structured and isolated learning environment, combined with increased screen time, would impair ADHD individuals’ performance and learning. A literature search for articles published between 2020 and 2021 from Pubmed, Google Scholar, PsychInfo, was performed. Search phrases and keywords included “covid, ADHD, child, impact, remote learning, media, screen”. Studies primarily utilized parental reports, with very few from the perspective of the ADHD individuals’ themselves. It was found that with the COVID-19 quarantine and transition to online learning, ADHD individuals’ experienced decreased ability to keep focused or adhere to daily routine, as well as increased inattention-related problems, such as careless mistakes or lack of completion in homework, which in turn translated into overall subjective reports of “more difficulty with remote learning.” Increased screen time, television, social media and gaming were noted amongst ADHD individuals. The suggested impact of increased screen time and media use was that ADHD children with problematic digital media use suffer from more severe core symptoms of ADHD, negative emotions, executive function deficits, damage on family environment, pressure from life events, and a lower motivation to learn. With these findings, it would be expected that the number of new ADHD cases, prescriptions for and usage of stimulants for treatment would rise amidst the COVID epidemic. However, data has not been studied or well documented thus far. Further research could extend to studying the impact of remote learning on neurotypical children and the risk for misdiagnosis of ADHD in children and adolescents or over-prescribing medications to youths with and without ADHD.

Intimate Partner Violence and COVID-19 Erin G. Siegel, BA, Rachel K. Carpenter, MS, & Jill D. Stinson, PhD Department of Psychology, College of Arts & Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN Intimate partner violence includes physical, sexual, or psychological harm by a current or former partner or spouse. In the US, a decline in reported rates over the past two decades may have been reversed by the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly during the initial lockdown in March 2020. A majority of Americans were isolated at home, potentially increasing the occurrence of IPV assaults. Few studies have evaluated changes in IPV rates throughout the pandemic. This study aims to estimate and compare the rates of intimate partner assaults during the COVID-19 pandemic to previous years, while also examining the influence of geographic location (e.g., rurality versus urban areas), age of the victim, and nature of the assault type. The hypotheses are as follows: 1) an increase in cases of IPV during the first quartile of the pandemic, followed by a decline in the later recent quartiles (i.e., end of 2020); 2) an increase in IPV during the COVID-19 pandemic being more pronounced in counties with greater rurality; 3) an increase in IPV in persons over 18 during the first quartile of the pandemic compared to those under 18 age (who are less likely to live with a partner); and 4) predominant assault type rates (e.g., forcible rape versus murder) may have changed during the pandemic. Data for this project were obtained from the Tennessee Incident-Based Reporting System (TIBRS) for secondary data analysis. From 2016 to 2020 there were 371,196 reported IPV assaults. Variables of interest include all 95 Tennessee counties, age of victim (e.g., over or under 18), and the type of assault (forcible rape, forcible fondling, forcible sodomy, sexual assault with an object, simple assault, aggravated assault, homicide, intimidation, and stalking). Data describing county rurality were obtained from the online County Health Rankings and Roadmaps. County-level rates of IPV are separated by quartile during the pandemic months (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4). Descriptive analyses will determine the yearly rates of IPV assaults from 2016-2020, with a specific examination of rates during the pandemic quartiles, age distribution, variability among types of assaults, and which counties demonstrate the highest reports. Percent change analyses will evaluate the previous years and determine if there was a significant change in IPV rates throughout the pandemic. Subsequent analyses will compare rates of IPV in rural and urban counties. This project aims to examine how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected rates of IPV, which may inform current prevention and intervention efforts. Additionally, data from urban and rural communities will potentially highlight treatment disparities, providing valuable information pertaining to resource allocation.

Available data suggest a significant rise in family-based offenses during the COVID-19 pandemic quarantine and lockdown period. Although attempts to contain the spread of the virus are critical to protect overall health, these efforts inadvertently exposed children to an increased risk of family abuse by isolating them in their homes and decreasing their access to supportive resources in school and childcare programming. Further, during this time frame, families faced additional stressors (e.g., loss of financial and social support), which may have increased risk for familial violence. Despite limited opportunities for detection and reporting during the COVID-19 pandemic, some studies have shown an increase in child sexual abuse during the implementation of stay-at-home guidelines compared to pre-pandemic rates. However, other studies have proposed a decrease of child abuse cases (including sexual abuse) as a result of limited in-person contact and patient assessment. Much of the research on this topic during the COVID-19 pandemic have been focused in other countries and different areas of the United States. For this reason, it is important to address and acknowledge reported child sexual abuse cases in Tennessee. This study seeks to evaluate rates of sexual crimes against children in Tennessee prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic to better understand its impact on our state. Our hypotheses include: (a) there will be a significant decrease in child sexual abuse reporting from 2019 and 2020 across all regions and (b) there will be fewer child sexual abuse reports in the east region than any other region. The current study investigates crime rates between 2019 and 2020 for five types of sexual crimes against children in a sample of children in four different regions of Tennessee (Regions 1-4). Data were extracted from Tennessee Bureau of Investigation’s (TBI) online incident-based reporting system (N = 2350). All reports were for those under the age of 18. Variables of interest include: 95 Tennessee counties broken down into regions (Regions 1-4), type of sexual crime (forcible rape, forcible fondling, forcible sodomy, sexual assault, incest), and year in which the incident occurred (2019 or 2020). Pearson Chi-square analyses will be used to determine the changes in crime reporting by year in the five different crime types. Results from this study will not only better reflect how COVID-19 and quarantine have affected crime reporting rates, but also reflect how limited access to mandated reporters may have an influence on the number of crimes reported. Implications of these findings and future directions for research will be discussed.

Cuando hay cambios directivos en la organización se desconocen las expectativas que tienen los agentes educativos, y cómo pueden ser atendidos con herramientas estratégicas pertinentes, complicándose en contexto de confinamiento social por pandemia. Por ello, el presente estudio buscó comprender la situación contextual de los agentes educativos de una promotora educativa con sede en la región Piura, mediante el conocimiento de la situación contextual y las expectativas de los mismos, explicitándose la experiencia de lo ejecutado como herramienta estratégica de gestión directiva escolar durante el COVID-19. Se asumió el paradigma investigativo socio crítico, de enfoque cualitativo, con tipo de investigación descriptivo-propositivo bajo el diseño de observación participante. Para el recojo de datos su usó la entrevista estructurada de respuesta abierta y el fichaje digital, además de las matrices comparativas para procesar los datos. Se concluyó de la situación contextual de temor e incertidumbre y las expectativas de actitud resiliente, disposición de adaptación y positividad, explicitándose la gestión directiva centrada en la persona.