Carta al editor / Revisión por pares

Anxiety associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and home confinement has been associated with adverse health behaviors, such as unhealthy eating, smoking, and drinking. However, most studies have been limited by regional sampling, which precludes the examination of behavioral consequences associated with the pandemic at a global level. Further, few studies operationalized pandemic-related stressors to enable the investigation of the impact of different types of stressors on health outcomes. This study examined the association between perceived risk of COVID-19 infection and economic burden of COVID-19 with health-promoting and health-damaging behaviors using data from the PsyCorona Study: an international, longitudinal online study of psychological and behavioral correlates of COVID-19. Analyses utilized data from 7,402 participants from 86 countries across three waves of assessment between May 16 and June 13, 2020. Participants completed self-report measures of COVID-19 infection risk, COVID-19-related economic burden, physical exercise, diet quality, cigarette smoking, sleep quality, and binge drinking. Multilevel structural equation modeling analyses showed that across three time points, perceived economic burden was associated with reduced diet quality and sleep quality, as well as increased smoking. Diet quality and sleep quality were lowest among respondents who perceived high COVID-19 infection risk combined with high economic burden. Neither binge drinking nor exercise were associated with perceived COVID-19 infection risk, economic burden, or their interaction. Findings point to the value of developing interventions to address COVID-related stressors, which have an impact on health behaviors that, in turn, may influence vulnerability to COVID-19 and other health outcomes. / New York University Abu Dhabi

Introduction The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic including stay at home restrictions, school closures, economic decline, and societal distress has affected pediatric mental health in ways studies have yet to discover. There are more children presenting with mental health issues compared to pre-pandemic times. Multiple factors have shown to contribute to the lack of quality care for children experiencing mental health crises in this ongoing pandemic. Purpose Statement The COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected the frequency of mental health related presentations to the pediatric emergency department, subsequently resulting in increased delay in transition to inpatient psychiatric treatment Literature Review The data base used was Sherrod Library. Key words were pediatric, mental health, pediatric emergency, behavioral health, COVID-19, and pandemic. The studies found hold strong in their sample sizes and methods, although certain age groups were excluded from the research. Findings Following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in March of 2020, there was an evident rise in pediatric emergency department visits for mental health related issues. As a result of increased patient presentations, limited resources, and staffing shortages - patients in need of psychiatric care have been less likely to receive it, and more likely to experience boarding. Conclusions Pediatric mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed a need for new interventions and resources to achieve better patient outcomes. The issues discussed in this paper are prevalent in pediatric hospitals across the country. The repercussions of COVID-19 on pediatric patients are not fully understood or researched at this time.

Hydroxychloroquine, initially used as an antimalarial, is used as an immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory agent for the management of autoimmune and rheumatic diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus. Lately, there has been interest in its potential efficacy against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, with several speculated mechanisms. The purpose of this review is to elaborate on the mechanisms surrounding hydroxychloroquine. The review is an in-depth analysis of the antimalarial, immunomodulatory, and antiviral mechanisms of hydroxychloroquine, with detailed and novel pictorial explanations. The mechanisms of hydroxychloroquine are related to potential cardiotoxic manifestations and demonstrate potential adverse effects when used for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Finally, current literature associated with hydroxychloroquine and COVID-19 has been analyzed to interrelate the mechanisms, adverse effects, and use of hydroxychloroquine in the current pandemic. Currently, there is insufficient evidence about the efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19.KEY MESSAGES HCQ, initially an antimalarial agent, is used as an immunomodulatory agent for managing several autoimmune diseases, for which its efficacy is linked to inhibiting lysosomal antigen processing, MHC-II antigen presentation, and TLR functions. HCQ is generally well-tolerated although severe life-threatening adverse effects including cardiomyopathy and conduction defects have been reported. HCQ use in COVID-19 should be discouraged outside clinical trials under strict medical supervision.

COVID-19-pandemic: the crisis was not only a challenge for the forms of preaching but also its content. What could and should be said? How can people be comforted and strengthened without preaching weak and banal ‘good news’? And again and again the question: How can we speak of God amid a worldwide crisis? For Societas Homiletica it became clear quite soon that the Budapest Conference would have to be postponed (and – God willing – we will meet in Budapest from August 12 to 17, 2022!). But our International Secretary, Prof. Dr. Theo Pleizier, came up with the idea of organizing an Online Conference on “Preaching in Time of Crisis.” The International Board of Societas Homiletica supported this idea, and on August 10–12, 2020, the first Online Conference in the history of Societas Homiletica ‘took place.’ We are glad and honored to present five outstanding papers delivered at the Online Conference in this Special Volume of our International Journal of Homiletics, two from Europe and three from North America (Canada and the USA). Clara Nystrand from Lund (Sweden) compares sermons delivered in Sweden in the time of the Spanish flu 1918 with sermons delivered in the first phase of the Corona pandemic. André Verweij, pastor and researcher in the Netherlands, analyzes five Easter sermons delivered in the Netherlands during the first wave of the Covid-19-pandemic and discovers a lamenting mode in preaching, which steers away from interpreting the pandemic’s possible ‘meaning’ or ‘message.’ Joseph H. Clarke and David Csinos from the Atlantic School of Theology in Halifax, Canada, show how fruitful dialogue between psychotherapy and homiletics can be. David M. Stark, teaching and doing homiletical research at the University of the South in Sewanee (USA), speaks about a dual pandemic of COVID-19 and systemic racism. In the final article, Edgar “Trey” Clark III from Fuller Theology Seminary in Pasadena (USA), examines protests in support of “Black Lives Matter” and sees these protests as a form of Spirit-inspired proclamation – connecting lament and celebration, particularity and universality, word and deed. Obviously, the COVID-19-pandemic changed not only the forms and media of preaching, but also its contents – and will have an impact also in the time ‘after’ the pandemic.:Editorial .............................................................................................................................................................. iii Preaching in Times of Pestilence – 1918 and 2020 Clara Nystrand ................................................................................................................................................. 1 Preaching in a Lamenting Mode: Easter Lockdown Sermons in the Netherlands André Verweij ............................................................................................................................................... 13 Steer into the Storm: Dynamic Psychotherapy for Preaching in Anxious Times Joseph H. Clarke and David M. Csinos ................................................................................................. 23 Eucharistic Preaching as Early Response to a Dual Pandemic David M. Stark ................................................................................................................................................ 33 Protest as Preaching: The Pneumatic Proclamation of Black Lives Matter Edgar “Trey” Clark III ................................................................................................................................. 43

This text offers an analysis of the power apparatuses (dispositifs) employed in the management of the early 21st century Covid-19 pandemic. The paper is divided into two sections. The first part is oriented both towards a charac- terization of the mode of government that preceded the onset of the viral disease and towards an exposition of the power apparatuses it instrumentalized. This mode of go- vernment is referred to in the text as «capitalistic gover- mentality», a practice combining regimes of knowledge, economically encoded materialities, subjective formations and power apparatuses in order to maintain the valorization of private capital. The second part exposes the ways in which the apparatuses of capitalistic governmentality are modified and articulated in the context of the pandemic, through a phenomen given the provisional name of «viropolitics».

Este artículo centra su análisis en el proyecto «Sin filtro», impulsado por el Teatro Británico en Lima, como respuesta a la crisis del sector de las artes escénicas en el Perú, en el marco de la emergencia nacional por la COVID-19 que se inició el 16 de marzo de 2020 y que se ha mantenido durante el desarrollo de la presente investigación. El artículo toma como objeto de análisis las cuatro obras que se escribieron y produjeron como parte de la primera etapa del proyecto. De esta manera, se busca reflexionar, describir y analizar los factores de un nuevo proceso creativo, a propósito del mencionado proyecto, y se intenta indagar hasta qué punto es posible la creación escénica a través de un soporte virtual, como respuesta a un contexto que ha obligado a cerrar la totalidad de los teatros en el mundo y ha dejado al sector casi totalmente en el desempleo.

Objetivo: Presentar las características del suicidio adolescente, durante el periodo de confinamiento por pandemia en el año 2020 en el Ecuador, para con su conocimiento atender las necesidades de salud mental en este grupo etario. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal retrospectivo, con la información de la base de datos de muertes violentas del Ministerio de Gobierno, desde el 17 de marzo al 13 de septiembre que duró el estado de excepción. El análisis se llevó a cabo por provincia, sexo, edad, método de suicidio y frecuencia en días de ocurrido el evento. Se estimó la tasa de mortalidad de suicidio (por 100 000 habitantes) para cada provincia. Todos estos resultados se compararon con estadísticas del 2019 durante el mismo periodo de tiempo. Resultados: Durante el confinamiento por estado de excepción en el año 2020 en el Ecuador, se registraron 97 suicidios en adolescentes de entre 10 a 19 años de edad. Se estimó el número más alto en varones de 15 a 19 años, siendo la edad más frecuente a los 19. El día con más frecuencia de levantamiento de cadáveres fueron los lunes, y el modo preferido de suicidio fue la ahorcadura con 81 casos reportados, seguido con diferencia de la intoxicación y envenenamiento. Conclusiones: Las características del suicidio adolescente durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en Ecuador indican que merece una atención especial en nuestro medio, al tratarse de un problema de salud pública.

The Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) was recently developed to assess dysfunctional anxiety related to COVID-19. Although different studies reported that the CAS is psychometrically sound, it is unclear whether it is invariant across countries. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the measurement invariance of the CAS in twelve Latin American countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay). A total of 5196 people participated, with a mean age of 34.06 (SD = 26.54). Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the measurement invariance of the CAS across countries and gender. Additionally, the graded response model (GRM) was used to provide a global representation of the representativeness of the scale with respect to the COVID-19 dysfunctional anxiety construct. The unidimensional structure of the five-item CAS was not confirmed in all countries. Therefore, it was suggested that a four-item model of the CAS (CAS-4) provides a better fit across the twelve countries and reliable scores. Multigroup CFA showed that the CAS-4 exhibits scalar invariance across all twelve countries and all genders. In addition, the CAS-4 items are more informative at average and high levels of COVID-19 dysfunctional anxiety than at lower levels. According to the results, the CAS-4 is an instrument with strong cross-cultural validity and is suitable for cross-cultural comparisons of COVID-19 dysfunctional anxiety symptoms in the general population of the twelve Latin American countries evaluated.

Under 2019 drabbade covid 19 hela världen och även skolan har drabbats av pandemin liksom andra verksamheter i Sverige. Universitet, Folkhögskolor och gymnasieskolor har omvandlat klassrumsundervisning till distans/fjärrundervisning. Syftet med studien är att öka kunskap om engelsklärares erfarenheter av att undervisa nyanlända elever under covid 19 pandemin. För att belysa engelsklärares upplevelser av distansundervisning har jag valt att använda kvalitativ metod för insamling av material i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Sex lärare inom grundskola 7–9, som jobbar med att undervisa i engelska för nyanlända elever på olika skolor, intervjuades. Lärarna måste både stödja eleverna i engelska och samtidigt ge dem tillräckliga digitala kunskaper. Studien visade att lärarna upplevde att problemet inte var bristande digital kompetens utan problemet var pedagogiken under distansundervisningen. Resultaten visar att lärarna upplevde en stor brist i elevernas kunskaper gällande både engelska och digital kunskap. De två problemen existerar parallellt och tillsammans är det en utmaning för lärarna att stödja elevers utveckling och kunskapsinhämtning. Vidare forskning behövs för att ge en tydlig bild av pandemins påverkan på undervisningen.