Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T22:10:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tsuyoshi.pdf: 2918778 bytes, checksum: 0582f83031f201cf5c9075263e1fe8c4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-14 / Manufacturing electronic mobile communication products requires high quality control, achieved through measurements and tunings of each unit produced. The goal of this publication is the evaluation of statistical process control (SPC) to monitor the quality of products and the process capability index Cpk. In other words, this study compares the sensitivity of control charts to detect variations in process mean and standard deviation. In this sense, Shewhart control charts and cumulative sum (CUSUM) control charts were comparatively analyzed to select the best SPC in order to guarantee more accurate measurements and devices tuned with lower deviations. Shewhart, in this case, uses the mean and the standard deviation of samples measured during a defined period of time. CUSUM control charts, based on cumulative sums, are statistical tools successfully used to evaluate processes in different industries. The Shewhart control chart was optimized to monitor the capability index Cpk. According to results obtained under the conditions of this experience, CUSUM control chart has higher sensibility when the process has small shifts. It was not observed efficacy of optimized Shewhart control chart to monitor Cpk. / A manufatura de produtos eletrônicos de comunicação móvel demanda um controle de qualidade apurado que é atingido através de medições e de sintonias de cada unidade produzida. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o uso de controle estatístico de processo (CEP) para monitorar a qualidade dos produtos e o índice Cpk de capacidade do processo. Em outras palavras, este estudo compara a sensibilidade do gráfico de controle para detectar variações na média e no desvio padrão do processo. Nesse sentido, foi usada a medição de um parâmetro crítico do dispositivo produzido, a potência irradiada. Neste estudo, gráficos de controle de Shewhart e de soma cumulativa (CUSUM) foram analisados comparativamente para encontrar o melhor CEP para garantir medições mais exatas e dispositivos sintonizados com menores desvios. Shewhart, neste caso, usa a média e o desvio padrão de amostras observadas num período de tempo definido. Os gráficos de controle CUSUM, baseado em somas cumulativas, são ferramentas estatísticas usadas com sucesso para avaliar processos de diferentes indústrias. O gráfico de Shewhart foi otimizado para monitorar o índice de capacidade Cpk. De acordo com os resultados obtidos nas condições do experimento, o gráfico de controle CUSUM mostrou maior sensibilidade para pequenos desvios no processo. Não foi obsevada a eficácia do gráfico de Shewhart otimizado para monitorar o índice de capacidade Cpk.

U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recalls of medical devices are at historically high levels despite efforts by manufacturers to meet stringent agency requirements to ensure quality and patient safety. A factor in the release of potentially dangerous devices might be the interpretations of nonnormal test data by statistically unsophisticated engineers. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that testing by lot provides a better indicator of true process behavior than process capability indices (PCIs) calculated from the mixed lots that often occur in a typical production situation. The foundations of this research were in the prior work of Bertalanffy, Kane, Shewhart, and Taylor. The research questions examined whether lot traceability allows the decomposition of the combination distribution to allow more accurate calculations of PCIs used to monitor medical device production. The study was semiexperimental, using simulated data. While the simulated data were random, the study was a quasiexperimental design because of the control of the simulated data through parameter selection. The results of this study indicate that decomposition does not increase the accuracy of the PCI. The conclusion is that a systems approach using the PCI, additional statistical tools, and expert knowledge could yield more accurate results than could decomposition alone. More accurate results could ensure the production of safer medical devices by correctly identifying noncapable processes (i.e., processes that may not produce required results), while also preventing needless waste of resources and delays in potentially life-savings technology, reaching patients in cases where processes evaluate as noncapable when they are actually capable.

No description available.

Inom industriell tillverkning har alla maskiner en teoretisk duglighet. Den skiljer sig däremot från den faktiska när den sätts i en process, där påverkas dugligheten av samtliga resurser i processen. Electrolux Laundry Systems har problem i sin plåtberedning som beror på att dugligheten bland plåtberedningens maskiner är okänd. Projektet handlar om att beräkna dugligheten i Electrolux Laundry Systems plåtberedningsmaskiner samt ge förslag på hur dugligheten kan förbättras och övervakas. De studerade maskinerna består av tre stansar och fem bockningsmaskiner. Dugligheten mäts i duglighetsindexet Cpk. Mätdatan plottas även i diagram måttvis. Resultatet från studien visar att samtliga plåtberedningmaskiners duglighet beräknades till under 1,0. Ett godkänt värde bör ligga mellan 1,33 och 1,66. Det betyder att plåtberedningsprocessen inte är duglig.

The aim of this study was to research which Lean principles that could be incorporated in a small company. Lean is a more and more common expression that has become popular among companies that strive to find new ways of improvement and creating ways to compete on the market.  Lean as whole can be viewed as methods to increase the effectiveness of ones working processes through handling waste and increasing customer value. The company that was chosen for this study was Lundqvist Trävaru AB, a small family company located in the city of Piteå in northern parts of Sweden. Their main product is to create wall blocks that can be assembled into garages, cottages and storage units. The study was constructed in physical visits to the company while conducting participatory interviews and observations. A theory study was also conducted to find information important to carry on studying and analyzing the subject. The collected data was compiled into value stream maps and spaghetti diagrams covering the work in the factory of the company, then a MUDA-analysis was made to locate different types of waste and suggestions of improvements to eliminate this waste. To quantify the study a capacity process index (Cp) and specific capacity index (Cpk) was calculated and compared to the numbers in theory. The results showed that there are good possibilities to implements Lean principles into the company. The Cp and Cpk -index that was calculated gave an unclear result, this probably as a result of it being a difficult process to demonstrate this type of calculation. The conclusion of the study is that it has given a result and that there are possibilities to conduct further studies on the subject. / Studien har syftat på att undersöka vilka Leanprinciper som skulle kunna inkorporeras i ett mindre företag. Lean är ett uttryck som blir allt mer vanligt bland företag som strävar efter att finna nya sätt att förbättra sig och bli mer konkurrenskraftiga på marknaden. Lean som helhet kan ses som metoder till att effektivisera arbetsprocesserna i en verksamhet genom att minska spill och öka kundvärdet. Företaget som undersöks i studien är Lundkvist Trävaru AB, ett mindre företag lokaliserat i Piteå, i norra Sverige. Deras huvudprodukt är att bygga väggblock som sedan kan monteras ihop till bland annat garage, fritidshus och förråd. Studien genomfördes med besök på företaget för deltagande observationer och intervjuer samt genomfördes en teoristudie för att hitta den information som ansågs väsentlig för att studera och analysera ämnet. Data sammanställdes därefter i form av värdeflödeskartor och spagettidiagram över processen i företagets fabrik. En MUDA-analys genomfördes över den större delen av verksamheten för att lokalisera vart det kan uppkomma spill och vilka förbättringar som skulle kunna genomföras för att motverka detta spill. Ett kapacitetprocessindex (Cp) och ett specifikt kapacitetsprocessindex (Cpk) togs fram för att jämföras mot de siffror som finns i teorin. Resultatet visade att det finns goda möjligheter att genomföra förbättringar i företaget med Leanprinciper och MUDA-analysen gav förslag om olika förbättringsmöjligheter.  De framtagna Cp- och Cpk - indexen gav ett otydligt resultat vilket troligen berodde på att det var en svår process att använda till just den typen av beräkning. Slutsatsen av studien visar att den har genererat i ett resultat och att det finns goda möjligheter till vidare studier.

Les myopathies inflammatoires (MI) représentent un groupe hétérogène de maladies caractérisépar une faiblesse musculaire chronique et symétrique associée à une augmentation du taux sérique decréatine phosphokinase (CPK). Les MI sont actuellement subdivisées en 5 entitées : les dermatomyosites,les myopathies nécrosantes auto-immunes, la myosite à inclusion, la polymyosite et les myosites dechevauchement. A ce jour, le diagnostic des MI repose sur l’association de signes cliniques, decaractéristiques anatomopathologiques sur la biopsie musculaire et la présence d’auto-anticorps (aAc). Eneffet, la découverte d’aAc spécifiques et/ou associés aux myosites (MSA/MAA) a considérablementamélioré le diagnostic et le pronostic de la maladie. Cependant, un nombre non négligeable de patientsatteints de MI sont séronégatifs pour les MSA/MAA connus. Par ailleurs, la biopsie musculaire nécessaireau diagnostic est parfois guidée par imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM), bien qu’il n’ait pas étéprouvé que les données d’imagerie soient corrélées aux signes histologiques. Enfin, le traitement des MIrepose sur l’utilisation d’immunosuppresseurs systémiques, une approche non spécifique de laphysiopathologie de la maladie. Les modèles animaux de MI les plus utilisés sont induits et nonspontanés : ils reposent principalement sur l’immunisation d’animaux contre des protéines telles que lamyosine, la protéine C ou l’histidyl-tRNA synthétase.Les souris NOD (non obese diabetic) sont le modèle classique d’étude du diabète de type 1.Lorsque ces souris sont invalidées pour la voie de costimulation lymphocytaire ICOS/ICOSL, les souris nedéveloppent plus de diabète mais présentent alors une atteinte musculaire. Dans ce travail, nous avonsétudié le phénotype et caractérisé l’atteinte musculaire des souris NOD Icos-/- et NOD Icosl-/-. Nous avonsainsi établi le 1er modèle murin spontané de MI, dont la physiopathologie est médiée par leslymphocytes T CD4+ et la sécrétion d’IFN-γ. Par ailleurs, ces souris présentent un déficit en lymphocytes Trégulateurs. Nous avons également identifié 4 auto-antigènes (aAg) candidats cibles d’aAc chez ces souris.La recherche des aAc correspondants aux aAg orthologues dans le sérum des patients atteints de MI apermis d’identifier, pour l’un d’entre eux, une minorité d’individus séropositifs grâce au développementd’un nouveau test ALBIA (addressable laser bead immunoassay). Il pourrait donc s’agir d’un nouveaubiomarqueur. Dans la perspective de nouvelles évaluations thérapeutiques, nous avons établi desdonnées préliminaires montrant que l’interleukine 2 à faibles doses permet de retarder l’apparition de lamaladie. Enfin, nous avons mis à profit ce modèle et démontré la corrélation entre les données généréespar IRM et par analyse histologique de l’inflammation, confortant le rôle de cette technique d’imagerie àla fois pour le diagnostic et le suivi des MI. / Inflammatory Myopathies (IM) are a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized bychronic and symmetrical muscle weakness associated to increased creatine phosphokinase (CPK)levels, according to entity concerned. Currently, IM are divided into 5 main entities:dematomyositis, immune-mediated necrotizing myopathies, inclusion body myositis, polymyositisand overlap myositis. Nowadays, IM diagnosis is based on clinical signs associated to pathologicfeatures on muscle biopsy and presence of auto-antibodies (aAb). Indeed, the discovery of myositisspecific and/or associated auto-antibodies (MSA/MAA) had considerably improve disease diagnosisand prognosis. However, substantial proportion of IM patients do not display any knownMSA/MAA. Furthermore, diagnosis requires muscle biopsy. This biopsy is sometimes guided bymagnetic resonance imaging (MRI), even though correlation between MRI findings and pathologicalfeatures is not established. Lastly, therapeutics used in IM treatment are systemicimmunosuppressive agents, i.e. not specific to IM pathophysiology. Animal models of IM are mainlybased on active immunization against different proteins as myosin, C protein orhistidyl-tRNA synthetase, while spontaneous models are required to identify pathophysiologicalmechanisms that new therapeutics should target.NOD (non obese diabetic) mice are the main model of type 1 diabetes. When invalidatedfor ICOS/ICOSL costimulation pathway, these mice do not develop diabetes but present musculardisorders. In this work, we study Icos-/- and Icosl-/- NOD mice phenotype and characterize theremuscle lesion. Thus, we have established this model as the first paradigm of IM. Pathophysiologicalstudy in these mice demonstrated that disease is CD4+ T cell dependent and associated to IFN-γproduction. Furthermore, we shown a quantitative defect in regulatory T cells. We have alsoidentified 4 candidate autoantigens (aAg) in Icos-/- and Icosl-/- NOD mice. Searching forcorresponding aAb against ortholog proteins in patients with IM, we identified for one of them, alow percentage of seropositive individuals using a new ALBIA (addressable laser beadimmunoassay). It could be identified as a new biomarker. In order to evaluate new therapies, weestablished preliminary data showing that low dose interleukin 2 therapy allow to delay diseaseonset. Lastly, we took advantage of this new model to demonstrate the correlation betweenMRI findings and histological inflammation features, confirming the valuable role of MRI for thediagnosis and monitoring of IM.

Customers are placing ever increasing demands on automotive part manufacturers for high quality parts at low cost. Increasingly, the demand is for zero defects or defect rates in the less than one part per billion. This creates a significant challenge for manufacturers as to how to achieve these low defect levels economically while producing large volumes of parts. Importantly, the presence of infrequent process and measurement (gauge) events can adversely affect product quality. This thesis uses a statistical mixture model that allows one to assume a main production process that occurs most of the time, and secondary rogue events that occur infrequently. Often the rogue events correspond to necessary operator activity, like equipment repairs and tooling replacement. The mixture model predicts that some gauge observations will be influenced by combinations of these rogue events. Certain production applications, like those involving feedback or high-reliability gauging, are heavily influenced by rogue events and combinations of rogue events. A special runtime software profiler was created to collect information about rogue events, and statistical techniques (rogue event analysis) were used to estimate the waste generated by these rogue events. The value of these techniques was successfully demonstrated in three different industrial automotive part production applications. Two of these systems involve an automated feedback application with Computer Numerically Controlled (CNC) machining centers and Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) gauges. The third application involves a high-reliability inspection system that used optical, camera-based, machine-vision technology. The original system accepted reject parts at a rate of 98.7 part per million (ppm), despite multiple levels of redundancy. The final system showed no outgoing defects on a 1 million part factory data sample, and a 100 million part simulated data sample. It is expected that the final system reliability will meet the 0.001 ppm specification, which represents a huge improvement. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Régulation post-traductionnelle des canaux potassiques par les CPKs (Protéines Kinases Dépendantes du Calcium) chez Arabidopsis thaliana : un rôle dans la réponse adaptative aux stress environnementaux ? Les canaux potassiques de la famille Shaker sont des voies majeures du transport de K+ à travers la membrane plasmique. Ces canaux sont impliqués dans l'absorption du potassium depuis le sol et dans sa redistribution dans les parties aériennes de la plante. Ils sont également impliqués dans les mouvements stomatiques et sont pour cela finement régulés. Ils peuvent subir des modifications post-traductionnelles telle que la phosphorylation par des protéines kinases. L'objectif principal de ce travail de thèse s'inscrit dans ce contexte et a pour but d'évaluer l'implication des CPKs dans la régulation post-traductionnelle des canaux Shaker. Les mécanismes d'action de deux CPKs (CPK13 et CPK6) sur la sous-unité entrante KAT2 sont plus spécifiquement étudiés. La première partie du travail de thèse avait pour but de mettre en place le matériel nécessaire pour l'étude en réalisant les clonages, la production des protéines recombinantes et leur caractérisation et testant les premiers effets des CPKs sur l'activité des canaux en expression hétérologue. La seconde partie concerne l'étude du rôle de CPK13 dans la régulation stomatique via la sous-unité KAT2. Nous montrons que la sur-expression de CPK13 dans les lignées transgéniques induit, à court terme, un défaut dans l'ouverture stomatique et également, à long terme, un défaut dans la croissance de la plante. L'existence d'une interaction physique à la membrane plasmique entre CPK13 et KAT2 est montrée à l'aide de la technique de FRET-FLIM. et la phosphorylation de la sous-unité KAT2 par la protéine recombinante CPK13 est montrée in vitro à l'aide de puces à peptides. Enfin, il est montré par voltage-clamp en ovocyte de xénope que CPK13 inhibe l'activité de KAT2 de plus de 60%. Dans la dernière partie, nous présentons un ensemble de résultats qui suggèrent un rôle de CPK6 dans la tolérance au stress salin via son action sur KAT2. Il est en effet connu qu'en cas de stress salin, l'activité des canaux responsables de l'influx de potassium est stimulée, ce qui contribue au maintien d'un faible ratio Na+/K+ dans les cellules. Or, nous montrons un effet activateur de la CPK6 sur l'activité de KAT2, à l'aide de la technique de voltage-clamp. Nous montrons que l'expression du gène CPK6 est très augmentée en réponse à un stress salin et que ceci est concomitant avec le déclenchement d'une vague calcique en réponse à ce même stress. L'utilisation de lignées GUS a permis de vérifier que les patrons d'expression des gènes CPK6 et KAT2 sont identiques chez Arabidopsis thaliana. Enfin, nous montrons une interaction physique entre le canal KAT2 et la protéine CPK6 (FRET-FLIM) et la phosphorylation de KAT2 par CPK6 (puces à peptides). / Post-translational regulation of potassium channels by CPKs (Calcium-dependent Protein Kinases) in Arabidopsis thaliana: a role in adaptive response to environmental stresses?Potassium Shaker channels are major pathways for K+ across plant cell plasma membrane. These channels are implicated in K+ absorption from soil and in its redistribution throughout the plant. They are more particularly implicated in stomatal movement and therefore are finely regulated. They can especially undergo post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation by protein kinases. The aim of this work is to determine the implication of CPKs (Ca2+-dependent Protein Kinases) in Shaker channel post-translational regulation. CPK13 and CPK6 molecular mechanisms of action on Shaker sub-unit KAT2 activity are specifically studied here. First part of this work consisted in cloning, producing and characterizing recombinant proteins and broad screening of CPK effects on Shaker channel activity, using heterologous expression. Second part focuses on the role of CPK13 in stomatal regulation through its effect on KAT2 activity. Over-expression of CPK13 in plant is shown to induce a defect of stomatal aperture and plant growth. KAT2 and CPK13 interaction at the plasma membrane is evidenced by using FRET-FLIM technique. KAT2 phosphorylation by CPK13 is checked on peptide arrays. Finally, a 60% decrease of KAT2 activity by CPK13 is shown using voltage-clamp on xenopus oocyte. Third and last part of this work suggests a role of CPK6 in salt stress resistance through KAT2 channel regulation. Inward potassium channels are indeed known to be activated upon salt stress to contribute keeping a low Na+/K+ ratio. Now, voltage-clamp technique demonstrates that KAT2 activity is increased by CPK6 and salt stress is shown to both increase CPK6 expression and elicit a calcium wave. Using GUS lines evidences KAT2 and CPK6 co-expression in Arabidopsis thaliana (in phloem and guard cells). Physical interaction between these two partners is shown by FRET-FLIM, and KAT2 phosphorylation by CPK13 gets strong support from peptide array assays.

With the rise of automation in traditional manufacturing processes, more companies are beginning to integrate computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) cells on their production floors. Through CIM cell integration, companies have the ability to reduce process time and increase production. One of the problems created with CIM cell automation is caused by the dependency the sequential steps have on one another. Dependency created by the previous step increases the probability that a process error could occur due to previous variation. One way to eliminate this dependency is through the use of an in-process measuring device such as a Renishaw spindle probe used in conjunction with a computer numerical control (CNC) milling machine. Western Kentucky University (WKU) utilizes a CIM cell in the Senator Mitch McConnell Advanced Manufacturing and Robotics laboratory. The laboratory is located in the Architectural and Manufacturing Sciences department and gives students the opportunity to learn how automated systems can be integrated. The CIM cell consists of three Mitsubishi six-axis robots, a Haas Mini-mill, a Haas GT-10 lathe, an AXYZ, Inc. CNC router table, 120 watt laser engraver, an Automated Storage and Retrieval System (ASRS), material handling conveyor, and vision station. The CIM cell functions throughout the curriculum as a means for applied learning and research. The researcher used this CIM cell in order to determine if an in-process measuring device, such as the Renishaw spindle probe, had the ability to affect process capability. The researcher conducted the study to see if an in-process measuring device can be integrated into the CIM cell located in the Senator Mitch McConnell Advanced Manufacturing and Robotics laboratory to eliminate compounding variation. The researcher discovered that through the use of a Renishaw 40-2 spindle probe used in conjunction with a CNC Haas Mini Mill, process capability has the potential to be improved in a CIM cell by accounting for compounding variation present in the process.

This thesis analyzes the company Hyundai Dymos English due to the awareness of management of the production status. During the work are identified important production information to be transferred within the company. In this work is designed and implemented a system for efficient transfer of information within the company using Web portals and applications for mobile phones.