Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:27:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:56:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / A degradação da qualidade do ar na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP) bem como seus efeitos à saúde humana vem sendo estudados há algumas décadas. No entanto, pouco se sabe a respeito dos efeitos causados aos ambientes aquáticos e sua biota. A deposição atmosférica úmida é considerada como importante rota de remoção dos poluentes presentes na atmosfera terrestre. Desse modo, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a toxicidade de amostras de águas de chuva de dois locais, utilizando diferentes organismos-teste. As amostras foram coletadas no Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, município de São Paulo, e também no distrito de Taiaçupeba, pertencente ao município de Mogi das Cruzes, SP. As coletas foram realizadas manualmente, com recipientes com capacidade para 20L. Em seguida, as amostras foram levadas ao laboratório para medição de pH e condutividade, onde também foram fracionadas para os ensaios ecotoxicológicos e análise cromatográfica dos íons majoritários. Para as amostras coletadas no IPEN, foram realizados ensaios de toxicidade aguda com o microcrustáceo Daphnia similis e com a bactéria marinha luminescente Vibrio fischeri, além dos ensaios de toxicidade crônica com o microcrustáceo Ceriodaphnia dubia e com a alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. As amostras coletadas em Taiaçupeba foram testadas com os mesmos organismos-teste, com exceção da alga P. subcapitata. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho indicam que as amostras de águas de chuva dos dois locais foram capazes de provocar efeito tóxico aos organismos-teste expostos. Além disso, foi possível observar que as amostras coletadas IPEN durante o verão-08/09 apresentaram toxicidade mais elevada para D. similis, V. fischeri e C. dubia. Em relação às análises químicas, as maiores concentrações dos constituintes da amostras do IPEN foram nitrato, sulfato e amônio, indicando contaminação por fontes antropogênicas. Ao contrário, as análises químicas das amostras de Taiaçupeba indicaram menor concentração de poluentes em relação às amostras do IPEN. De maneira geral, os resultados das análises químicas convergiram com os resultados dos ensaios ecotoxicológicos para os dois locais. / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:28:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:01:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / No presente estudo, a capacidade da zeólita sintetizada a partir de cinzas de carvão na remoção do corante remazol vermelho RB de solução aquosa foi investigada por meio de processo descontínuo. O equilíbrio foi alcançado após 360 min de tempo de contato. A velocidade de adsorção seguiu o modelo cinético de pseudo-segunda-ordem. Os dados de equilíbrio obtidos se ajustaram à isoterma de adsorção de Langmuir apresentando capacidade de adsorção máxima de 1,20 mg g-1. A eficiência de adsorção estava entre 75 a 91 % no tempo de equilíbrio. Visando obter as melhores condições de remoção do corante, verificou-se a influência dos seguintes parâmetros: concentração inicial do corante, pH da solução aquosa, dose do adsorvente e temperatura. Os parâmetros termodinâmicos foram avaliados indicando que o processo de adsorção do remazol vermelho sobre a zeólita é de natureza espontânea. Experimentos adicionando-se NaCl e Na2SO4 foram realizados com o objetivo de simular as reais condições dos efluentes de banhos de tingimento e avaliar a influência destes compostos quimicos no fenômeno de adsorção. Os dados de equilíbrio de adsorção do remazol vermelho sobre a zeólita foram alcançados em um tempo menor na presença de concentrações crescentes dos sais em solução e houve um aumento na capacidade de adsorção. A eficiência do estudo como tratamento foi avaliada quanto à toxicidade aguda utilizando o microcrustáceo Daphnia similis. / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Submitted by Geyciane Santos (geyciane_thamires@hotmail.com) on 2015-12-01T21:20:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação -Elias Santos da Costa.pdf: 1612801 bytes, checksum: cb0a5dea8daa153701a703d4e677d1c3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-12-02T17:36:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação -Elias Santos da Costa.pdf: 1612801 bytes, checksum: cb0a5dea8daa153701a703d4e677d1c3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-12-02T17:41:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação -Elias Santos da Costa.pdf: 1612801 bytes, checksum: cb0a5dea8daa153701a703d4e677d1c3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-02T17:41:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação -Elias Santos da Costa.pdf: 1612801 bytes, checksum: cb0a5dea8daa153701a703d4e677d1c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-16 / CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Many species of crustaceans are used for human consumption around the world. Investigations the ecology, behavior and cultive that may influence the meat characteristics are important to optimize the exploitation of this fishery resource. The aim of the study was to determine the yield and nutritional potential of meat Macrobrachium amazonicum prawn and crab Dilocarcinus pagei. Prawns and crabs were caught in the municipalities of Parintins and Itacoatiara, in the State of Amazonas, respectively. The prawn meat characteristics were examined in five treatments according to the cooking time, "in natura", 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes while the crab was used three treatments according to the cooking time 10, 15 and 20 minutes. All animals were prepared in brine at 10% with biometric variables being registered for determining the meat yield. Cooked meat samples of both species were utilized to determine the chemical composition and meat portions analyzed by a sensory panel of 40 untrained tasters. Performance data, chemical composition and sensory analysis were compared between treatments by one-way ANOVA being complemented by Tukey test. The prawns had a mean weight of 2.06 ± 0.37g and total length of 65.60 ± 4.08 mm, respectively, while the crabs had an average weight of 36.63 ± 10.70g and width of 42.19 ± 4.43mm. Prawn "in nature" had higher income securities compared to cooking times but when only compared the cooking times there was no difference, so has the crabs compared the yield of meat due to the cooking time. In prawn, the cooking times of 5, 15 and 20 minutes showed higher concentration of lipids and ash and crabs cooking time 20 minutes had higher concentration of lipids and calorie besides presenting lower moisture content. Crabs, there was no difference in protein and ashes with the cooking time 20 minutes showing higher concentration of lipids and calorie besides presenting lower moisture content. Both the prawn and crabs meat were well accepted by the average consumer in all sensory attributes analyzed. In prawn, the cooking time did not have influenced the appearance parameters, color, odor and overall acceptability, while in flavor and texture parameters, cooked prawn for 15 and 20 minutes showed greater acceptance than other cooking times. In crabs, the cooking time did not affect appearance, color, odor, flavor, texture and overall acceptance. Prawns cooked for 15 and 20 minutes and crabs for 20 min shawed the lower moisture ratio, this characteristic may promote the increase in storage time as well as providing a product with high nutritional quality. / Muitas espécies de crustáceos são usadas para alimentação humana em todo o mundo. As investigações sobre a ecologia, comportamento e cultivo que possam influenciar nas características da carne são importantes para otimizar a exploração deste recurso pesqueiro. O objetivo do estudo foi determinar o rendimento e potencial nutritivo da carne do camarão Macrobrachium amazonicum e do caranguejo Dilocarcinus pagei. Camarões e caranguejos foram capturados nos Municípios de Parintins e Itacoatiara, no estado do Amazonas, respectivamente. As características da carne de camarão foram analisadas em cinco tratamentos de acordo com o tempo de cozimento: “in natura”, 5, 10, 15 e 20 minutos enquanto para o caranguejo foi utilizado três tratamentos de acordo com o tempo de cozimento: 10, 15 e 20 minutos. Todos os animais foram preparados em salmoura a 10% com variáveis biométricas sendo registradas para a determinação do rendimento de carne. Amostras de carne cozidas, de ambas as espécies, foram utilizadas para determinar a composição centesimal e porções de carne analisadas sensorialmente por um painel de 40 provadores não treinados. Os dados de rendimento, composição centesimal e análise sensorial foram comparados entre os tratamentos por ANOVA de uma via sendo complementados pelo teste de Tukey. Os camarões apresentaram peso médio de 2,06 ± 0,37g e comprimento total de 65,60 ± 4,08 milímetros, respectivamente enquanto que os caranguejos apresentaram peso médio de 36,63 ± 10,70g e largura de 42,19 ± 4,43mm. Os camarões “in natura” apresentaram maiores valores de rendimento quando comparados com os tempos de cozimento, mas quando comparado apenas os tempos de cozimento não houve diferença, o mesmo ocorreu com os caranguejos quando comparado o rendimento de carne em função do tempo de cozimento. Em camarões, os tempos de cozimento de 5, 15 e 20 minutos apresentaram maior concentração de lipídeos e cinzas e nos caranguejos o tempo de cozimento 20 minutos apresentou maior concentração de lipídeos e valor calórico além de apresentar menor teor de umidade. Em caranguejos, não houve diferença no teor de proteína e cinzas. Tanto a carne do camarão quanto a do caranguejo foram bem aceitas pelo consumidor comum em todos os atributos sensoriais analisados. Em camarões, o tempo de cozimento não apresentou diferenças sobre os parâmetros aparência, cor, odor e aceitação global, enquanto que nos parâmetros sabor e textura, os camarões cozidos por 15 e 20 minutos apresentaram maior aceitação que os outros tempos de cozimento. Em caranguejos, o tempo de cozimento não afetou aparência, cor, odor, sabor, textura e aceitação global. Camarões cozidos por 15 e 20 minutos e caranguejos cozidos por 20 minutos obtiveram a menor taxa de umidade, o que pode promover o aumento do tempo de armazenamento além de proporcionar um produto com alta qualidade nutricional.

Bear Seamount (39° 55’ N; 67° 30’ W) is the westernmost peak of extinct undersea volcanoes in the New England Seamount Chain (Moore et al., 2003). It is located on the continental slope off Georges Bank, and is governed by unique environmental factors and currents that may be unlike those of the other seamounts (Moore et al., 2003). Previous cruises to this seamount have been successful in capturing abundant fishes, cephalopods and invertebrates (Moore et al., 2003; Moore et al., 2004; Moore et al., 2008), but only the distribution patterns of the fishes and cephalopods have been examined, leaving a lack of information on the deep-sea crustaceans. The diversity, catch per unit effort (CPUE) and biogeography of trawl-vulnerable micronekton in the vicinity of Bear Seamount were investigated, with primary focus on baseline data collection. Sixty-six species of pelagic Crustacea (Decapoda, Lophogastrida, and Euphausiacea) were collected at 35 trawl stations in the spring of 2003 and 2004 and fall of 2014 with the International Young Gadoid Pelagic Trawl (IYGPT) and a Polytron Midwater Rope Trawl (PMRT). Depths sampled ranged from the surface to 1700 m, with most trawls sampling primarily below 1000 m. When comparing relative biogeography of the nekton in IYGPT samples, the assemblage on the south side of the seamount was the most diverse, while the summit assemblage was the most abundant and species rich. In the PMRT samples, the summit assemblage was the most diverse and species rich while the assemblage on the west side had the greatest abundance. Overall CPUE was dominated by cold temperate species, typical of mid- to higher latitudes in the North Atlantic. Eusergestes arcticus and Meganyctiphanes norvegica were particularly dominant in both the IYGPT and PMRT samples. At least two species were new records for Northwest Atlantic waters and may have traveled by means of currents and/or from nearby seamounts.

This thesis presents the first description of the geographic and depth distributions of pelagic decapod shrimps in the area located around the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, based on the NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) NRDA (National Resource Damage Assessment) trawl samples collected from April – June, 2011. This information is important in ecosystem models investigating trophic effects of the spill because pelagic decapod shrimp are consumed by a variety of organisms occupying higher trophic levels. One of the most abundant and diverse groups of decapods is the Family Oplophoridae. Their roles in pelagic food webs in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) and other deep-sea ecosystems makes them ideal candidates for study; however, only a limited amount of research has been conducted on their distribution and reproductive biology. In the northeastern GOM, all previous studies have been conducted at Standard Station in the eastern Gulf (27°N, 86°W) (Hopkins and Lancraft, 1984; Hopkins et al., 1989; Hopkins and Gartner, 1992; Hopkins et al., 1994). The current study is unique because 1) it provides data from regions of the Gulf where oplophorids have never been studied, 2) allows for comparisons of distributions and abundances of oplophorid species in both the mesopelagic and bathypelagic zones by using a continuous data set, and 3) compares assemblages from two distinct bathymetric environments in the northeastern GOM: continental slope (200-1000 m bottom depth) and offshore (>1000 m). As the study site also encompasses the region most strongly impacted by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, these data represent the first quantification of any component of the decapod crustacean assemblage in this location after the oil spill, and will be used for comparison with data obtained during future DEEPEND Consortium (Deep Pelagic Nekton Dynamics of the Gulf of Mexico) cruises to monitor changes, or lack thereof, in the assemblage after exposure to Deepwater Horizon oil and dispersants in the water column.

Les crevettes Palaemonidae sont issues d'un clade ancestral marin, qui a montré une tendance évolutive remarquable à s'adapter à des conditions non-marines, envahissant avec succès les milieux estuariens et limniques. Adulte, Macrobrachium amazonicum (A) est une espèce d'eau douce (ED) avec une stratégie d'exportation vers les estuaires des larves qui ont besoin d'eau salée pour se développer. Des populations se sont trouvées au cours du temps isolées en ED ; elles ont récemment été décrites comme une nouvelle espèce, M. pantanalense (P), qui a acquis au cours de son évolution la capacité d'effectuer tout son cycle en ED, grâce à l'acquisition de l'hyper-osmorégulation en ED dès l'éclosion, et en perdant l'hypo-osmorégulation en eau salée. Ces deux espèces représentent un bon modèle pour la reconstruction des transitions évolutives des crevettes de l'eau salée à l'ED. L'objectif de ce travail est de comprendre les différences liées à l'adaptation physiologique et moléculaire à l'ED et donc à l'osmorégulation entre les deux espèces au cours de l'ontogénèse. Pour cela nous avons étudié l'ontogenèse comparative des organes osmorégulateurs, en particulier de la cavité branchiale, et la localisation et expression de différents transporteurs ioniques. Au niveau structural, aux stades larvaires, P a un développement branchial plus précoce que A. La Na+/K+ ATPase (NKA) a été essentiellement immunolocalisée au niveau des branchies chez P et au niveau des branchiostégites chez A aux mêmes stades larvaires. Ceci suggère que la forte capacité d'hypo-osmorégulation durant l'ontogenèse de A est liée aux transports ioniques dans les branchiostegites, alors que les lamelles branchiales ne sont pas complètement développées. Sur le plan ultrastructural, les lamelles branchiales des deux espèces comportent deux types de cellules associées, les cellules septales et les cellules piliers qui toutes deux présentent des caractéristiques d'ionocytes. Une différentiation ultrastructurale a été observée au niveau des cellules piliers et de l'épithélium interne des branchiostégites suite à une acclimatation en ED. Ces cellules présentent des microvillosités apicales, profondes et nombreuses, ce qui semble être une adaptation aux faibles salinités permettant une absorption efficace d'ions. Les transporteurs ioniques impliqués dans l'osmorégulation ont été étudiés. La V-H+ ATPase (VHA) a été détectée au niveau des cellules piliers et de l'épithélium interne des branchiostégites. La NKA et l'échangeur Na+/H+ (NHE-3) ont été localisés au niveau des cellules septales. Des différences d'expressions géniques de la VHA, du NHE-3 et de la NKA ont été mesurées en comparant les 2 espèces à certains stades de développement. La distribution différentielle de ces transporteurs entre les cellules piliers et septales suggère que ces deux cellules pourraient fonctionner comme un complexe cellulaire pour absorber ou sécréter des ions. Chez P, la capacité de tous les stades à hyper-réguler en ED peut provenir du développement précoce des branchies fonctionnelles, et la perte de l'hypo-régulation peut être liée au manque de transports ioniques au niveau des branchiostégites. Enfin, les glandes excrétrices antennaires produisent de l'urine hypotonique chez les juvéniles et adultes des deux espèces en ED, ce qui diminue les pertes ioniques. Ces résultats illustrent des adaptations évolutives (perte et gain de fonctions) qui ont permis l'invasion des habitats d'ED. / Palaemonid shrimps originate from an ancestral marine clade showing a remarkable evolutionary ability to adapt to non-marine conditions, successfully invading estuarine and limnic habitats. Macrobrachium amazonicum (A) is a freshwater (FW) species as an adult with an export strategy toward estuaries of larvae requiring salt water for their development. Over time, some populations ended up isolated in FW; recently, they have been described as a new species, M. pantanalense (P), which during its evolution has become able to complete its entire life cycle in FW, thanks to the acquisition of hyper-osmoregulation in FW from hatching, while loosing hypo-osmoregulation in salt water. The two species offer a valuable model to reconstruct the evolutionary transitions of shrimps from salt water to FW. The objective of this study was to decipher the differences in physiological and molecular adaptations to FW, thus in osmoregulation, between both species during ontogeny. We studied the comparative ontogeny of osmoregulatory organs, particularly the branchial chamber, and the localization and expression of ion transporters. During the larval phase, we found that the gill development starts earlier in P than in A. Na+/K+ ATPase (NKA) was mainly localized in gills of P and in branchiostegites of A at the same larval stages. This suggests that the high capacity to hypo-osmoregulate during the ontogeny of A originates from ionic transports in branchiostegites, while gill lamellae are not fully developed. In both species, the gill lamellae contain two associated cells types, septal and pillar cells, displaying features of ionocytes. After FW acclimation, ultrastructural differences were observed in pillar cells and in the inner epithelium of branchiostegites. These cells possess numerous deep apical microvilli, a possible adaptation to low salinities for efficient ion uptake. Regarding ion transporters involved in osmoregulation, V-H+ ATPase (VHA) was detected in pillar cells and in the inner branchiostegite epithelium. NKA and Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE-3) were localized in septal cells. Differences in VHA, NHE-3 and NKA gene expression were observed by comparing the two species at certain developmental stages. The differential distribution of these transporters between pillar and septal cells suggest that these two cells may function as a cell complex for ion absorption or secretion. In P, the capacity of all stages to hyper-regulate in FW may originate from the early development of functional gills; and the loss of hypo-regulation may originate from an absence of ion transport in branchiostegites. Finally, the excretory antennal glands produce hypotonic urine in juveniles and adults of both species in FW, thus reducing ion loss. These results illustrate evolutionary adaptations (gain and loss of functions) that have permitted the invasion of FW habitats.

Beca JAE-Predoctoral CISC; Proyecto LARECO CTM2011-25929

Lake Baikal in Russia is a large, ancient lake that has been the site of a major radiation of amphipod crustaceans. Nearly 400 named species are known in this single lake, and it is thought that many more await description. The size and depth of Lake Baikal, in particular, may have contributed to the radiation of endemic amphipods by providing a large number of microhabitats for species to invade and subsequently experience reproductive isolation. Here we investigate the possibility that large-scale genomic changes have also accompanied diversification in these crustaceans. Specifically, we report genome size estimates for 36 species of Baikal amphipods, and examine the relationship between genome size, body size, and the maximum depths at which the amphipods are found in the lake. Genome sizes ranged nearly 8-fold in this sample of amphipod species, from 2.15 to 16.63 pg, and there were significant, positive, phylogenetically corrected relationships between genome size, body size, maximum depth, and diversification rate among these species. Our results suggest that major genomic changes, including transposable element proliferation, have accompanied speciation that was driven by selection for differences in body size and habitat preference in Lake Baikal amphipods.

No description available.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2018-01-26T22:10:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o-THAISE SANTOS.pdf: 2903693 bytes, checksum: 54d1a25fadc9438d22f06ad23ff48360 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-26T22:10:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o-THAISE SANTOS.pdf: 2903693 bytes, checksum: 54d1a25fadc9438d22f06ad23ff48360 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-27 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia - FAPEB / Estuaries and coastal regions are widely used environments for the disposal of urban and industrial effluents, causing contamination of waters and marine life by several pollutants, among them trace elements, considered as one of the most important contaminants, and may be associated with Organic and inorganic solids in the aquatic environment. In the Bay of All Saints (BTS) region, despite the pockets of contamination in the rivers and estuaries that feed it, fishing activities are intense and rely on a variety of fish, including fish, crustaceans and mollusks that are intended for subsistence Of riverside communities or to commerce in surrounding cities, such as the municipality of Feira de Santana-BA. As a result, this study aimed to identify the commercialization dynamics of fish in the free fairs of Feira de Santana-BA and to evaluate the concentration of trace elements in shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei) from the BTS. For this, a research was initially conducted at the free fairs of Feira de Santana to identify the most traded species at fairs and their origin. The results identified that the most popular species at the fairs are: tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), corvinas (Micropogonias furnieri) and shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei) respectively, but only crustaceans and molluscs originate from BTS fishing communities. The analysis of trace element concentrations performed later with Litopenaeus vannamei showed high levels of Fe and Mn in the tissues, but only Cr and Pb levels exceeded the limits of ANVISA for inorganic contaminants in foods. Significant differences were found between the exoskeleton and muscle tissues and between stages of young and adult maturity. / Os estu?rios e as regi?es costeiras s?o ambientes muito utilizados para a disposi??o de efluentes urbanos e industriais, acarretando a contamina??o das ?guas e da vida marinha por diversos poluentes, dentre eles os elementos tra?os, considerados como uns dos contaminantes mais importantes, podendo estar associados a s?lidos org?nicos e inorg?nicos no meio aqu?tico. Na regi?o da Ba?a de Todos os Santos (BTS), apesar dos focos de contamina??o nos rios e estu?rios que a alimentam, as atividades pesqueiras s?o intensas e conta com uma variedade de pescado, incluindo peixes, crust?ceos e moluscos que destinam-se a subsist?ncia das comunidades ribeirinhas ou ao com?rcio em cidades circunvizinhas, como o munic?pio de Feira de Santana-BA. Em decorr?ncia disso, este estudo objetivou caracterizar a din?mica de comercializa??o do pescado nas feiras livres de Feira de Santana- BA e avaliar da concentra??o de elementos tra?os em camar?es (Litopenaeus vannamei), oriundos da BTS. Para tal, inicialmente foi realizada uma pesquisa nas feiras livres de Feira de Santana para identificar as esp?cies mais comercializadas nas feiras e sua origem. Os resultados identificaram que as esp?cies mais populares nas feiras s?o as til?pias (Oreochromis niloticus), corvinas (Micropogonias furnieri) e camar?es (Litopenaeus vannamei) respectivamente, mas apenas os crust?ceos e moluscos s?o originados de comunidades pesqueiras da BTS. As an?lises das concentra??es de elementos tra?os realizadas com Litopenaeus vannamei, constataram n?veis elevados de Fe e Mn nos tecidos, mas apenas os n?veis de Cr e Pb ultrapassaram os limites da legisla??o para contaminantes inorg?nicos em alimentos. Diferen?as siginificativas foram cosntatadas entre os tecidos exoesqueleto e m?sculo e entre os est?gios de maturidade jovem e adulto.