L'intensification, la spécialisation et la concentration des pratiques agricoles causent des problèmes de surplus de fumier qui peuvent dégrader la qualité microbiologique des eaux de surface et souterraines. L'objectif de cette recherche est de développer une méthodologie pour évaluer la vulnérabilité des systèmes d'approvisionnement en eau potable à la contamination microbiologique, en particulier dans les régions d'agriculture intensive. Pour ce faire, des indicateurs ont été développés sur la base de l'approche multi-barrière « de la source au robinet ». Ces indicateurs sont représentés initialement par quatre barrières : la susceptibilité de la source à une contamination microbiologique ; l'efficacité du traitement ; la gestion du système de distribution ; et les pratiques de gestion. La classification, le regroupement et la pondération des indicateurs ont été effectués à l'aide d'une analyse multicritère résultant en une moyenne pondérée qui varie entre 0 et 100, ce qui représente la valeur de l'indicateur de risque microbiologique (VIRM). Plus la valeur est élevée, plus le risque est élevé. Les cas à l'élude sont 39 systèmes d'approvisionnement en eau potable de la région de Chaudière-Appalaches, dans la province du Québec, Canada. La méthodologie et les résultats ont été validés en comparant les VMR1 avec les événements de contamination microbiologique dans les systèmes à l'étude. Également, une analyse de sensibilité et une analyse de faisabilité ont été effectuées afin de vérifier la pertinence des indicateurs dans le modèle. Le modèle développé peut être utilisé pour prioriser les systèmes d'approvisionnement en eau potable qui ont des besoins d'amélioration et pour évaluer l'ensemble de la population à des contaminations microbiologiques dans des études épidémiologiques future. / Increasing agricultural practices cause manure surplus problems potentially resulting in the degradation of the quality of surface and groundwater sources. The objective of this project was to develop a methodology to evaluate the vulnerability of drinking water utilities to microbiological contamination, in particular in regions with intensive agricultural land use. To do so, various indicators were developed to represent the source to tap multi-barrier approach for drinking water quality. These indicators correspond to four barriers: source susceptibility to microbiological contamination; treatment efficiency; distribution System management and overall management of water quality. The indicators were classified, regrouped and weighted within a model based on a multi-criteria analysis resulting in a weighted mean varying between 0 and 100 which represents the value of the microbiological risk indicator (VMRl). The model was developed and applied to 39 drinking water utilities located in the Chaudière-Appalaches region in the Province of Québec, Canada. The methodology and results were validated by comparing VMRl values and past events of microbiological contamination in the utilities under study. Sensitivity and feasibility analysis were also carried out to evaluate the relevance of indicators according to their accuracy and acquisition cost. The model obtained can be used to prioritize utilities requiring improvement and to assess exposure of the population to microbiological contaminants in future epidemiological studies.

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) in abdominal surgery is a new non-invasive tool for the assessment of the perfusion and oxygenation of various tissues and organs. Its benefit in pancreatic surgery is still unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the key impact of using HSI during pancreatoduodenectomy (PD). In total, 20 consecutive patients were included. HSI was recorded during surgery as part of a pilot study approved by the local Ethics Committee. Data were collected prospectively with the TIVITA® Tissue System. Intraoperative HS images were recorded before and after gastroduodenal artery (GDA) clamping. We detected four patients with celiac artery stenosis (CAS) caused by a median arcuate ligament (MAL). In two of these patients, a reduction in liver oxygenation (StO2) was discovered 15 and 30 min after GDA clamping. The MAL was divided in these patients. HSI showed an improvement of liver StO2 after MAL division (from 61% to 73%) in one of these two patients. There was no obvious decrease in liver StO2 in the other two patients with CAS. HSI, as a non-invasive procedure, could be helpful in evaluating liver and gastric perfusion during PD, which might assist surgeons in choosing the best surgical approach and in improving patients’ outcomes.

付記する学位プログラム名: 京都大学卓越大学院プログラム「メディカルイノベーション大学院プログラム」 / 京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医科学) / 甲第25007号 / 医科博第154号 / 新制||医科||10(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医科学専攻 / (主査)教授 遊佐 宏介, 教授 萩原 正敏, 教授 齋藤 潤 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

No description available.

Professional preparation is important for individuals in any profession, as well as the profession itself. It is one of the hallmarks of any profession. Many sets of standards for the curriculum of student affairs preparation programs have been promoted throughout the years. Most recently the Council for the Advancement of Standards in Higher Education (CAS) published a set of standards that outline areas of competency for student affairs professionals. The purpose of this study was to measure the degree to which recent graduates of student affairs preparation programs reported learning about the important foundational elements of the profession. I examined learning based on standards for student affairs preparation programs defined by CAS and compared amounts of reported learning from alumni based on the programs' adherence to the CAS standards (compliant v. non-compliant). To that end, I administered a 67 item questionnaire to recent graduates from student affairs preparation programs. The findings of the present study reveal that a majority of alumni from student affairs preparation programs report having a clear understanding of 57 of 60 identified foundational learning outcomes. Additionally, there was no statistically significant difference between reported learning of alumni from CAS compliant and non-compliant programs based on these foundational learning outcomes on 58 of the 60 items. Data suggest that alumni from CAS compliant programs are more likely to feel confidence in their preparation in 48 of the 60 outcomes presented in the survey. Additionally, the results indicated that alumni from non-compliant programs were more likely to report higher levels of learning based on involvement theory and understanding the level of data a variable in quantitative analysis. / Master of Arts

Since the establishment of People's Republic of China in 1949, Chinese think tanks have experienced significant development during the transformative process of China's political reform and modernization, and their influence has become more notable than before. However, think tanks historically have been given little attention by the public as well as social scientists in China, so scholarly study on Chinese think tanks is limited. This thesis explores the political roles and characteristics of Chinese think tanks by investigating the transformation and classification of Chinese think tanks from 1949 to the present. Furthermore, through a case study of one of the significant projects in contemporary China—the Three Gorges Project—this thesis examines the performance and influence of three Chinese nonpolitical think tanks—the Chinese Academy of Social Science (CASS), the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE) on the process of government policy-making in China. Based on this analysis of Chinese think tanks, I draw the conclusion that professionalism and institutionalization are very urgent requirements for contemporary China's think tanks. / Master of Arts

Le trouble développemental du langage (TDL) touche environ 7 % des enfants québécois (OOAQ, 2021). Pour les élèves ayant un TDL, l'apprentissage de l'écrit peut être plus ardu. Le soutien des parents, intervenants agissant en première ligne du développement de l'enfant, est alors important. Il apparaît donc nécessaire de soutenir ces derniers dans les interventions qu'ils déploient auprès de leur enfant en littératie. Dans le cadre de ce mémoire, une étude de cas a été réalisée auprès d'une mère et de son enfant vivant avec un TDL. L'objectif général de la recherche était d'expérimenter, dans un contexte de littératie familiale, des interventions s'inscrivant dans une perspective développementale et de soutenir le parent dans l'appropriation de ces interventions. Des données initiales et finales ont été recueillies auprès de la mère et de l'enfant. L'intervention s'est effectuée sur une période de 8 semaines pendant lesquelles la mère pratiquait la lecture interactive partagée avec son enfant. Un soutien constant était donné à la mère afin de l'amener à raffiner ses interventions auprès de l'enfant tout en ayant du plaisir à intervenir en littératie auprès de celui-ci. L'analyse des données recueillies montre, d'une part, que la mère a bénéficié du soutien donné en effectuant les ajustements suggérés, en prenant de plus en plus confiance en ses interventions et en ayant du plaisir à faire celles-ci, et, d'autre part, que l'enfant a pris de plus en plus plaisir à lire tout en progressant dans sa compréhension du récit.

Ce texte, résolument descriptif, plutôt que théorique, trace le développement critique d'un corpus de création en installation vidéo, depuis ses premières manifestations liminaires jusqu'à son aboutissement en fin des études de maîtrise. L'approche descriptive vise à faire ressortir, progressivement, les évènements, telles des « figures », destinées à former un lexique de mon travail actuel. Il est espéré qu'une dimension conceptuelle implicite de ces figures se dégage par la justesse de la description qui a proposé par exemple des notions actives telles l'écran perméable, le « en lieu réel », le télescopage temporel, la zone de temporalité, le cumul en flux, la boucle ouverte.

No / Without making any distinction of the applicable accounting standards, this paper investigates, firstly, the value relevance of accounting information from 1999 to 2012 in different segments of the Chinese stock market. This investigation includes A-shares, prepared under Chinese Accounting Standards (CAS) for domestic firms; B-shares, prepared under either the International Accounting Standards (IAS) or International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) for both domestic and overseas firms; and H-shares prepared under either the IAS or Hong Kong GAAP for Hong Kong and overseas firms. Then, the paper examines whether or not the converged IFRS with CAS, applicable from 2007 onwards, is more value relevant when compared with prior to the 2007's standards (CAS, IAS, Hong Kong GAAP for A-share, B-share, and H-share markets, respectively). Based on 34,020 firm-year observations and after controlling for industry- and year-fixed effects, the findings suggest that accounting information is value relevant with A- and B-share markets, while it is partially relevant with the H-share market. The paper finds that the converged IFRS with CAS is more value relevant in A-shares and B-shares and it is partially more value relevant with the H-share market. These findings have implications for both policymakers and investors since they provide further empirical evidence for the current policy procedure which harmonizes local GAAP with IFRS.

<p dir="ltr">The CRISPR-Cas systems, originally evolved as bacterial and archaeal adaptive immune systems against viral infections, have been ingeniously repurposed for genome editing. The ongoing evolutionary competition between bacteria and phages has given rise to the diversification of CRISPR-Cas systems, which can be broadly classified into two classes and six types. Among these, the versatile CRISPR type V family stands out as a promising source for discovering new CRISPR-Cas effectors to expand the genome editing toolbox. However, before proceeding to genome editing applications, it is imperative to get a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying how Cas effectors function as programmable RNA-guided nucleases. Structural studies play a pivotal role in elucidating these mechanisms, providing a clear picture of processes such as DNA recognition and cleavage.</p><p><br></p><p dir="ltr">In the first part of this thesis, we embarked on determining the cryo-EM structures of an extraordinarily small type V-F CRISPR-Cas effector, Cas12f. Our findings unveiled that Cas12f functions as an asymmetric dimer. Through structural analysis and mutagenesis experiments, we elucidated the mechanisms of PAM recognition and substrate cleavage by Cas12f. Furthermore, we provided insights into the activation mechanism of Cas12f by monitoring its conformational changes before and after the crRNA-target DNA heteroduplex formation. Our results contribute to our understanding of the type V Cas effector nucleases and hold promise for possible applications of genome editing.</p><p><br></p><p dir="ltr">In the second part, we focused on study of CRISPR-associated transposons (CASTs). Specifically, we delved into Cas12k, a component of the type V-K CRISPR-Cas system, which is a naturally inactivated nuclease but is interestingly associated with transposons and is capable for guiding transposition. We determined the structure of Cas12k in complex with the guide RNA and target DNA. Our studies revealed target site recognition mechanism and the structural features of Cas12k critical for downstream CIRPSR-guided DNA transposition.</p><p><br></p><p dir="ltr">Lastly, we directed our attention towards the ancestor of CRISPR type V systems, TnpB, which serves as a minimal programmable RNA-guided DNA nuclease originating from the IS200/IS605-like transposon family. To reveal the molecular mechanisms of substrate recognition and cleavage, multiple approaches including artificial dimers was introduced to obtained the cryo-EM structure of <i>Isdra2</i> TnpB-gRNA-target DNA ternary complex. Furthermore, our exploration extended to the investigation of newly emerged TnpB variants. Among these variants, one was identified as a naturally occurring transcription repressor. We attained the cryo-EM structure of this variant at 3.12 Å and currently working on understanding its mechanism.</p>