No description available.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1968. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1964. / Vita. Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1965. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Formas imaturas e adultos de Eumolpinae associados aos cacaueiros de Itabuna-BA foram estudados, respectivamente, na rizosfera e no estrato inferior da copa desta planta. As amostragens das formas imaturas foram realizadas semanalmente, de forma aleatória, utilizando-se como unidade de amostra cubos de solo contendo raízes de cacaueiro, durante o período de agosto de 1985 a dezembro de 1987. As curvas representando os picos e a flutuação populacional desta subfamília revelam que o período de sua maior abundância no solo ocorre de meados de março a agosto e o maior pico populacional no final de julho e início de agosto . A abundância relativa dos imagos foi estimada durante o período de junho de 1987 a maio de 1988. Realizaram-se amostragens com o auxílio de rede entomológica, durante um intervalo de tempo fixado em 30 minutos. Os insetos capturados em cada ocasião, foram alimentados com uma dieta de folhas novas de cacaueiro, confirmando-se a sua associação com a parte aérea desta planta. Paralelamente no período de maio a dezembro de 1987 estimou-se os índices de lançamentos foliares. Constatou-se que os mais altos percentuais de lançamentos foliares ocorre nos períodos em que tamném se verificam os mais altos picos populacionais e a maior concentração da dorninância dos imagos de Eumolpinae. Com o objetivo de auxiliar o reconhecimento dos imagos é fornecida uma descrição das espécies mais abundantes incluindo: formas das espermatecas; forma do esternito abdominal V de machos e fêmeas; diferenças na maior distância entre os olhos; ilustrações da vista dorsal das espécies através de fotografias em microscópio estereoscópico; ilustrações das puncturações dos élitros através de microscopia eletrônica e descrições de caracteres utilizados nas descrições originais dessas espécies. Constatou-se que a morfologia da espermateca e do esternito abdominal V permitem a separação entre as espécies, este último muitas vezes apresentando dimorfismo sexual. / Immature forms and adult individual of Eumolpinae, occurring in the rizosphere and lower crown, respectively, of cocoa plants from Itabuna-Ba were studied. Sampling of immature forms were done randomly and on a weekly basis from August of 1985 to December of 1987. The sample units consisted of soil blocs containing cocoa roots. Curves representing the population peaks and fluctuations of this subfamily revealed that the period of its highest abundance in the soil was from mid March to August and that the greatest population peak occurred between the end of July and the beginning of August. The relative abundance of the imagoes was estimated for the period between June of 1987 and May of 1988. Samplings were made with the aid of an entomological net for a time-period of 30 minutes. Insects which were captured in each occasion were fed with a diet of young leaves from cocoa trees, this confirming the association between the insects and the aerial part of the plant. Concurrently, indexes of leaf flushing were estimated from May to December of 1987. It was found that the highest percentage of leaf flushing coincided with the period when the highest population peaks and the greatest dominance of Eumolpinae imagoes occurred. With the purpose of helping on the recognition of imagoes, a description of the most abundant species was provided. This description included: shape of spermathecal capsule, shape of the sternite V of males and females; differences in the greatest eye-to-eye distance; illustrations of the dorsal view of the species, through pictures taken from an stereoscopic microscope; illustrations of the elytral sculptures through electronic microscopy; and the description of the characteristics which were originally used for the species description. It was verified that the morphologies of spermathecal capsule and sternite allowed the species separation. This last character often showed sexual dimorphism.

Formas imaturas e adultos de Eumolpinae associados aos cacaueiros de Itabuna-BA foram estudados, respectivamente, na rizosfera e no estrato inferior da copa desta planta. As amostragens das formas imaturas foram realizadas semanalmente, de forma aleatória, utilizando-se como unidade de amostra cubos de solo contendo raízes de cacaueiro, durante o período de agosto de 1985 a dezembro de 1987. As curvas representando os picos e a flutuação populacional desta subfamília revelam que o período de sua maior abundância no solo ocorre de meados de março a agosto e o maior pico populacional no final de julho e início de agosto . A abundância relativa dos imagos foi estimada durante o período de junho de 1987 a maio de 1988. Realizaram-se amostragens com o auxílio de rede entomológica, durante um intervalo de tempo fixado em 30 minutos. Os insetos capturados em cada ocasião, foram alimentados com uma dieta de folhas novas de cacaueiro, confirmando-se a sua associação com a parte aérea desta planta. Paralelamente no período de maio a dezembro de 1987 estimou-se os índices de lançamentos foliares. Constatou-se que os mais altos percentuais de lançamentos foliares ocorre nos períodos em que tamném se verificam os mais altos picos populacionais e a maior concentração da dorninância dos imagos de Eumolpinae. Com o objetivo de auxiliar o reconhecimento dos imagos é fornecida uma descrição das espécies mais abundantes incluindo: formas das espermatecas; forma do esternito abdominal V de machos e fêmeas; diferenças na maior distância entre os olhos; ilustrações da vista dorsal das espécies através de fotografias em microscópio estereoscópico; ilustrações das puncturações dos élitros através de microscopia eletrônica e descrições de caracteres utilizados nas descrições originais dessas espécies. Constatou-se que a morfologia da espermateca e do esternito abdominal V permitem a separação entre as espécies, este último muitas vezes apresentando dimorfismo sexual. / Immature forms and adult individual of Eumolpinae, occurring in the rizosphere and lower crown, respectively, of cocoa plants from Itabuna-Ba were studied. Sampling of immature forms were done randomly and on a weekly basis from August of 1985 to December of 1987. The sample units consisted of soil blocs containing cocoa roots. Curves representing the population peaks and fluctuations of this subfamily revealed that the period of its highest abundance in the soil was from mid March to August and that the greatest population peak occurred between the end of July and the beginning of August. The relative abundance of the imagoes was estimated for the period between June of 1987 and May of 1988. Samplings were made with the aid of an entomological net for a time-period of 30 minutes. Insects which were captured in each occasion were fed with a diet of young leaves from cocoa trees, this confirming the association between the insects and the aerial part of the plant. Concurrently, indexes of leaf flushing were estimated from May to December of 1987. It was found that the highest percentage of leaf flushing coincided with the period when the highest population peaks and the greatest dominance of Eumolpinae imagoes occurred. With the purpose of helping on the recognition of imagoes, a description of the most abundant species was provided. This description included: shape of spermathecal capsule, shape of the sternite V of males and females; differences in the greatest eye-to-eye distance; illustrations of the dorsal view of the species, through pictures taken from an stereoscopic microscope; illustrations of the elytral sculptures through electronic microscopy; and the description of the characteristics which were originally used for the species description. It was verified that the morphologies of spermathecal capsule and sternite allowed the species separation. This last character often showed sexual dimorphism.

Formas imaturas e adultos de Eumolpinae associados aos cacaueiros de Itabuna-BA foram estudados, respectivamente, na rizosfera e no estrato inferior da copa desta planta. As amostragens das formas imaturas foram realizadas semanalmente, de forma aleatória, utilizando-se como unidade de amostra cubos de solo contendo raízes de cacaueiro, durante o período de agosto de 1985 a dezembro de 1987. As curvas representando os picos e a flutuação populacional desta subfamília revelam que o período de sua maior abundância no solo ocorre de meados de março a agosto e o maior pico populacional no final de julho e início de agosto . A abundância relativa dos imagos foi estimada durante o período de junho de 1987 a maio de 1988. Realizaram-se amostragens com o auxílio de rede entomológica, durante um intervalo de tempo fixado em 30 minutos. Os insetos capturados em cada ocasião, foram alimentados com uma dieta de folhas novas de cacaueiro, confirmando-se a sua associação com a parte aérea desta planta. Paralelamente no período de maio a dezembro de 1987 estimou-se os índices de lançamentos foliares. Constatou-se que os mais altos percentuais de lançamentos foliares ocorre nos períodos em que tamném se verificam os mais altos picos populacionais e a maior concentração da dorninância dos imagos de Eumolpinae. Com o objetivo de auxiliar o reconhecimento dos imagos é fornecida uma descrição das espécies mais abundantes incluindo: formas das espermatecas; forma do esternito abdominal V de machos e fêmeas; diferenças na maior distância entre os olhos; ilustrações da vista dorsal das espécies através de fotografias em microscópio estereoscópico; ilustrações das puncturações dos élitros através de microscopia eletrônica e descrições de caracteres utilizados nas descrições originais dessas espécies. Constatou-se que a morfologia da espermateca e do esternito abdominal V permitem a separação entre as espécies, este último muitas vezes apresentando dimorfismo sexual. / Immature forms and adult individual of Eumolpinae, occurring in the rizosphere and lower crown, respectively, of cocoa plants from Itabuna-Ba were studied. Sampling of immature forms were done randomly and on a weekly basis from August of 1985 to December of 1987. The sample units consisted of soil blocs containing cocoa roots. Curves representing the population peaks and fluctuations of this subfamily revealed that the period of its highest abundance in the soil was from mid March to August and that the greatest population peak occurred between the end of July and the beginning of August. The relative abundance of the imagoes was estimated for the period between June of 1987 and May of 1988. Samplings were made with the aid of an entomological net for a time-period of 30 minutes. Insects which were captured in each occasion were fed with a diet of young leaves from cocoa trees, this confirming the association between the insects and the aerial part of the plant. Concurrently, indexes of leaf flushing were estimated from May to December of 1987. It was found that the highest percentage of leaf flushing coincided with the period when the highest population peaks and the greatest dominance of Eumolpinae imagoes occurred. With the purpose of helping on the recognition of imagoes, a description of the most abundant species was provided. This description included: shape of spermathecal capsule, shape of the sternite V of males and females; differences in the greatest eye-to-eye distance; illustrations of the dorsal view of the species, through pictures taken from an stereoscopic microscope; illustrations of the elytral sculptures through electronic microscopy; and the description of the characteristics which were originally used for the species description. It was verified that the morphologies of spermathecal capsule and sternite allowed the species separation. This last character often showed sexual dimorphism.

La presente investigación se enfoca en el sector agrícola, específicamente a la exportación de cacao peruano de la Región de San Martín, el principal insumo para la preparación de chocolate a nivel mundial.  En el Perú, la producción es competitiva desde el siglo XXI y es uno de los principales ingresos de muchos productores en varias regiones del país. Sin embargo, las exportaciones del cacao en el Perú no son tan representativas en los mercados internacionales a comparación de los países desarrollados debido a ciertas limitaciones técnicas, productivas, climáticas y geográficas. Es por ello por lo que resulta de gran importancia identificar la percepción del valor estratégico que representan los modelos de internacionalización en búsqueda de nuevas propuestas de crecimiento y diferentes modos de entrada a los mercados internacionales de las cooperativas exportadoras de cacao de la Región de San Martín, considerado una de las principales regiones que concentra mayor volumen de producción del cacao en grano. El enfoque de la investigación es cualitativa. A lo largo de esta investigación, se verifican las teorías de los modelos de internacionalización que se aplican directa o indirectamente en las cooperativas exportadoras de cacao según lo analizado mediante las entrevistas a profundidad realizadas a expertos en la materia. / This research focuses on the agricultural sector, specifically the export of Peruvian cocoa from the San Martin Region, the main input for the preparation of chocolate worldwide. In Peru, production has been competitive since the 21st century and is one of the main incomes of many producers in several regions of the country. However, cocoa exports in Peru are not as representative in international markets compared to developed countries due to certain technical, productive, climatic and geographical limitations. That is why it is of great importance to identify the perception of the strategic value represented by internationalization models in search of new growth proposals and different modes of entry to international markets of cocoa export cooperatives of the San Martin Region, considered one of the main regions that concentrates the largest volume of cocoa beans production. The research approach is qualitative. Throughout the investigation, the theories of internationalization models that are applied directly or indirectly in cocoa export cooperatives are verified as analyzed through in-depth interviews with experts in the field. / Tesis

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Dietary recommendations concerning chocolate milk remain controversial since the effect of chocolate milk on the dental caries process is not clear. Cocoa with antibacterial and enamel-solubility-reducing properties may inhibit the formation of dental caries. Since chocolate milk contains a significant amount of sucrose (about 5 percent) and some cocoa (1 percent), laboratory testing of the cariogenicity of chocolate milk seems valuable. The present study investigated whether or not under mouth simulation conditions chocolate milk influenced the formation of dental caries compared to white milk. A control solution, four milk solutions and a milk solution with toothbrushing were tested over a 20-week experimental period. A mouth-like environment was established by constructing a mouth simulating device. One-hundred- and-sixty-two-teeth were mounted in the mouth simulator in six groups of 27 teeth each. Two independent evaluators had certified the teeth to be caries-free and a computer program was used to ensure complete randomization of the teeth in groups. After initial sterilization by ethylene oxide, the teeth were inoculated with a mixture of a culture of Streptococcus mutans and saliva. Each group was exposed to one of the milk formulations for a 15 minute period twice daily. After each period, a sterile bacterial medium was dripped (8 to 12 mls/hr) over the teeth in the mouth-like environment. After 20 weeks the teeth were separated, coded, and re-evaluated for pit and fissure caries by the same two evaluators. A statistical analysis by Repeated t Tests indicated the presence of three levels of relative cariogenicity: the chocolate milk group had the highest caries rate, the control group and the white milk group were intermediate and the chocolate milk with brushing group showed a marked reduction in dental caries. The results of two other groups were invalidated. In summary, for pit and fissure dental caries under the conditions tested in the mouth simulating device, chocolate milk exhibited a significant cariogenic potential relative to white milk, especially in the early incipient caries stage. It may be concluded from this study that in an individual with high dental caries susceptibility, it would seem unwise to recommend frequent ingestion of chocolate milk, unless proper and immediate oral hygiene follows the ingestion.

No description available.