The nanostructure, physical properties and mechanical performance of C-S-H, 1.4 nm tobermorite, jennite, and ettringite were studied. C-S-H of variable stoichiometries was examined as a model system in comparison with that produced in the hydration of Portland cement. The current Master’s thesis is comprised of four research papers designed to improve the current understanding of the nanostructure and engineering properties of C-S-H systems and modified C-S-H systems. Many of the controversial issues in cement science were identified and were addressed in a comprehensive research study, which examined the key features of the C-S-H systems at the nano-structure level. In Chapter 4, each paper presented new evidence for a number of mechanical aspects of C-S-H materials. Numerous advanced analytical tools were used in order to verify the observations made in each section. The major achievements of the current work are mentioned briefly as follows: 1. It was determined that microindentation is a useful method for determining the creep behavior of C-S-H of various stoichiometries, 1.4 tobermorite, jennite, and ettringite. 2. Microindentation parameters i.e. creep modulus, indentation modulus and indentation hardness are porosity dependent. 3. Microindentation creep measurements on C-S-H (C/S = 0.80 and 1.20) demonstrated that creep modulus, indentation modulus, and indentation hardness are all dependent on mass-loss from the 11%RH condition. 4. Evidence was presented that the nanostructural role of interlayer water in C-S-H has a significant influence on the creep process.

Orientador: Mário Tanomaru Filho / Abstract: Tricalcium silicate cements associated with radiopacifiers are used as repair materials. Publication 1: Evaluation of tricalcium silicate-based cements (TCS) associated with zirconium oxide (ZrO2), calcium tungstate (CaWO4) or niobium oxide (Nb2O5) radiopacifiers compared to MTA Repair HP (MTA HP). Publication 2: Evaluation of tricalcium silicate-based cements (TCS) associated with zirconium oxide (ZrO2) radiopacifier with 10% or 20% of Biosilicate (TCS ZrO2 + 10% Biosilicate and TCS ZrO2 + 20% Biosilicate) compared to Biodentine. Setting Time (ST) and radiopacity were evaluated based on ISO 6876/2002 standard. Solubility was evaluated according to the method proposed by Carvalho-Júnior et al. (2007) modified. pH was measured at 3, 12 and 24 hours and 7, 14 and 21 days after immersion in distilled water. Cellular cytotoxicity and bioactivity were evaluated by methyltetrazolium (MTT), neutral red (NR), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alizarin red (ARS) and real time PCR (qPCR) (Publication 1) assays in different periods of contact with eluates of the materials in Saos-2 cells. Antibacterial activity was evaluated by direct contact on Enterococcus faecalis in the planktonic form. For the physico-chemical and ARS tests, the data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey tests; for MTT, NR and ALP tests the data were analyzed by the Two-Way ANOVA and Bonferroni tests; the antibacterial activity, were submitted to Kruskall-Wallis and Dunn tests (α = 0.05). Publication 1: TCS + CaWO4 presented... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Resumo: Cimentos de silicato tricálcico com radiopacificadores são utilizados como materiais reparadores. Publicação 1: Avaliação de cimento à base de silicato tricálcico (STC) associado aos radiopacificadores óxido de zircônio (ZrO2), tungstato de cálcio (CaWO4) ou óxido de nióbio (Nb2O5) em comparação ao MTA Repair HP (MTA HP). Publicação 2: Avaliação de material à base de silicato tricálcico (STC) e radiopacificador óxido de zircônio (ZrO2) e 10% ou 20% de Biosilicato (STC ZrO2 + 10% de Biosilicato e STC ZrO2 + 20% de Biosilicato) em comparação ao Biodentine. Tempo de presa e a radiopacidade foram avaliados seguindo ISO 6876/2002. A solubilidade foi avaliada de acordo com o método proposto por Carvalho-Júnior et al. (2007) modificado. pH foi avaliado 3, 12 e 24 horas, 7, 14 e 21 dias após imersão em água destilada. A citotoxidade e bioatividade celular foram avaliadas pelos testes metiltetrazólio (MTT), vermelho neutro (VN), atividade de fosfatase alcalina (ALP), ensaio de vermelho de alizarina (ARS) e PCR em tempo real (qPCR) (Publicação1), em diferentes períodos de contato com eluídos dos materiais em células Saos-2. Atividade antimicrobiana dos materiais foi avaliada por meio do teste de contato direto com Enterococcus faecalis na forma planctônica. Para os testes físicoquímicos e ARS, os dados foram submetidos aos testes ANOVA e Tukey; para os ensaios do MTT, VN e ALP e qPCR os dados foram analisados aos testes Two Way ANOVA e Bonferroni; os dados da atividade antimicrobiana f... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Mestre

Wound care is a field with many treatment methods and products on the market. The healing period varies, some wounds become difficult to heal and chronic, in many cases a connection can be drawn to underlying diseases. Diabetes is a disease that could cause foot ulcers that are difficult to heal. Bioactive materials in wound care have not yet been studied to a greater extent, however it is of interest for development of new products with improved functions. Fibroblasts in the connective tissue have an important role in building and regenerating the tissue. Former studies show that the bio-ceramic calcium silicate (CS) induce tissue regeneration and promote reepithelization. It has also shown improvement of the biological functions of human epidermal stem cells and positive effects on cells in in vitro studies. The purpose of this project is to be a pre-study for further analysis of CS in wound care. The aim is to investigate additive material’s potential role in wound healing, one part will be a literature study to get an overview of the healing process of wounds and wound treatment. The other part of the study is based on three minor experiment to obtain information about how calcium silicate (CS) and CS/ β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) effect human dermal fibroblasts. The method and results of literature study: The litterature study gathers information from literature and studies within the subject using the searchwords: wound, healing, biomaterials, calcium silicate, alamar blue, cell migration, recent trends, skin regeneration and diabetes. The results from the literature study demonstrates that the wound healing process is very complex and many factors must interact for good healing, some factors accelerate and inhibit healing. Furthermore, healing products with additives are already used for treatment of wounds with antibacterial and pain-relieving effects. However, only a little information about bioactive materials can be found which shows that there is lack of studies in this field. The method and results of experiments: Preparation of the two main samples: [1:10] CS in PBS together with pure water and [1:10] CS + β-TCP in PBS and pure water. The first experiment was the Inductively Coupled Plasma Optic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) made in an Optical Emission Spectrometer which detected the elements Ca 317,933 (mg/L) and Si 251,611 (mg/L) in the main samples. The second experiment was Alamar Blue which produce data about the cell survival in quantitative numbers to determine the toxicity of the diluted samples. One pre-test and two final tests (24 h apart) was made. The pre-test used the dilutions 1:2, 1:10, 1:100, and two Control Media, the pre-test indicated that CS diluted 1:2 is slightly toxic. The first final test used the dilutions 1:2, 1:10, 1:100, 1:1000, 1:10000 and one Control Media. The first final test indicated that CS diluted 1:2 is almost toxic. The second final used the dilutions 1:2, 1:10, 1:100, 1:1000, 1:10000 and one Control Media. The second final test indicated that CS diluted 1:2 is toxic. The third experiment was a Scratch Healing assay. This experiment struggled with learning how to count cells which made the analysis of this experiment difficult. The results of the Scratch healing assay shows cell migration through a before-picture right after the simulated scratch is made and a picture 24 hours after. In conclusion, two important parameters while investigating the direction of further research are toxicity and cell survival. CS as a bioactive material and additive in wound treatment could be possible but should be avoided when diluted 1:2 due to its toxicity shown in the Alamar blue test. The scratch healing assay showed that the fibroblasts migrate to some extent while interacting in solutions of CS.

No description available.

No description available.

The objective of this study was to compare time dependent micro-hardness of several bioactive cement compositions as compared to that of non-bioactive cement, a conventional glass ionomer. Materials & Methods: Three bioactive materials Ceramir Crown & Bridge Cement (CCB), Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), Biodentine (BD)], and a glass ionomer cement, Fuji I luting cement (F1), were utilized in this study. Samples of the materials were prepared in a standard cylindrical mold 1.5 mm in height and 12.0 mm in diameter and stored in Phosphate-Buffered-Saline (PBS) at 37 degrees C. prior to testing to determine Vickers micro-hardness in a CSM micro-indentation testing device. Micro-hardness values were collected via 2 x 2 micro-indentation matrices on the exposed surfaces of the specimens. All materials were tested at 24 hours and 2 months and 11 + 1 month's incubation time. The bioactive materials displayed significant differences in Vickers hardness as a function of storage time as compared the Vickers hardness values over the similar timeframe for the control material, the glass ionomer material Fuji 1. The control glass ionomer cement did not displayed significant changes in Vickers hardness after prolonged liquid storage. The experimental bioactive materials both demonstrated long-term trends with significant increases (CCB) and decreases (Biodentine) in Vickers hardness after storage in the simulated body fluid (PBS). The mean Vickers hardness of the calcium aluminate/glass ionomer (CCB) material was significantly greater than the mean Vickers hardness values for the other three materials tested at all time-points evaluated. The conclusions of this study were as follows: Unlike conventional glass ionomer cement, both the calcium silicate and calcium aluminate/glass ionomer cement displayed significant changes in surface micro-hardness after prolonged storage in a simulated body fluid (PBS) that has been demonstrated to induce the formation of a surface bioactive layer. The calcium silicate cement had a significant reduction in surface micro-hardness over a period up to year; while the calcium aluminate/glass ionomer cement displayed a significant increase in surface micro-hardness over that same time period. The formation of and changes in the bioactive surface layers formed on these materials may account for changes in the micro-hardness of these bioactive materials. / Oral Biology

O emprego de processos construtivos inovadores sem o domínio da tecnologia apropriada e sem a observância de requisitos mínimos de desempenho, conduz de maneira geral, a edifícios com sérios problemas patológicos. Por estas razões, a Alvenaria Estrutural, que tem sido empregada com prioridade na construção de edifícios habitacionais, nos últimos anos no Brasil, tem apresentado aqueles problemas com indesejável extensão e gravidade. Este trabalho procura estabelecer a tecnologia mais adequada para a construção de edifícios em Alvenaria Estrutural Não Armada, em especial, para a que utiliza o bloco sílico-calcário. Procura-se também salientar os aspectos ainda não suficientemente conhecidos e que necessitam, por isto, ser pesquisados. São apresentadas as principais características dos materiais empregados. O elemento construtivo essencial do processo - a parede resistente - é sistemicamente analisado sob diferentes abordagens. Como complemento, a análise é extendida para o edifício. No estudo, é enfatizado o mais comum e menos compreendido problema patológico da alvenaria sílico-calcária: as fissuras por retração na secagem. A tecnologia construtiva apropriada é estritamente condicionada pela necessidade de que seja evitada a ocorrência destas fissuras. Em resumo, este trabalho objetiva colaborar para o projeto e a construção de edifícios competentes e duráveis, o que, infelizmente, não tem sido a regra, quando processos inovadores são empregados. / Pathological buildings problems certainly occur when innovative constructive processes are employed without knowing their own technology and without getting to minimum performance requirements. Based on these reasons, the engineered masonry which has been mainly employed on housing constructions in Brazil during the last years, shows up severs pathological problems. This study aims to describe the most appropriate known technology for unreinforced engineered brickworks, mainly for that one employing calcium silicate bricks. Therefore, the important parameters which are not yet suitably known are pointed out, thus requiring further research. The materials main characteristics are introduced. The bearing wall which is the most important constructing element is systemically analised under different approaches. Coming at the end the concepts are extended to the whole building itself. Emphasis is given in this study to drying shrinkage cracking as the most usual problem in calcium silicate brickworks and to its mechanisms not yet fully understood. The correct building technology avoids the cracking problems by using the mentioned materials and processes. Summarising , this study intends to cooperate for the correct and durable housing buildings which unfortunately are not usual nowadays when innovative constructive processes are applied.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-11-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:23:51Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 fonseca_im_dr_jabo.pdf: 887619 bytes, checksum: 496442407236f6e4d0dd60cbc133778e (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Os tecidos vegetais tendem a ficar mais tenros em sistemas de produção onde maior fertilização com nitrogênio (N) é exigida, favorecendo o auto-sombreamento das plantas; entretanto, com aplicação de silício (Si), há melhoria na arquitetura foliar, reduzindo tal fenômeno. Objetivou-se, com este estudo, avaliar os efeitos da adubação nitrogenada e sua interação com a adição de Si na forma de escória de siderurgia nos atributos químicos do solo, na nutrição e na produtividade da cana-planta. O experimento foi instalado em condições de campo no município de Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema fatorial 5x2, sendo cinco doses de N (0, 30, 60, 90 e 120 kg ha-1) com Si (escória de siderurgia) e sem adição de Si (calcário), em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Os atributos químicos do solo não diferiram com a aplicação de calcário ou de escória após 99 dias da aplicação dos materiais corretivos tampouco não houve mobilidade das bases no perfil do solo. A adubação nitrogenada com ou sem adição de Si não afetou as variáveis de desenvolvimento da cana-planta. Os maiores acúmulos de N, P, K, Mg, S, Cu e Zn ocorreram no colmo, ao passo que os maiores acúmulos de Ca, B, Fe, Mn e Si apresentaram-se nas folhas. Os elementos mais extraídos pela cana-planta (variedade RB855156) foram Si, K e N. Houve efeito da adubação nitrogenada na produtividade da cana-planta quando associada à adição de Si na forma de escória, ocorrendo aumento de 15 t ha-1 na produção de colmos industrializáveis. O uso da adubação nitrogenada incrementou o teor de sacarose e fibra de forma linear, entretanto, não houve efeito da escória nas variáveis tecnológicas da cana-planta. De modo geral, a adubação nitrogenada associada à adição de Si na forma de escória mostra-se adequada ao cultivo da cana-planta / In cases where more N fertilization is applied, plant tissues are tender and self-shading of the plants may result. Moreover, Si is important because it promotes improved leaf architecture and reduces self-shading. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen with addition of Si as slag in soil chemical properties, nutrition and cane plant yield. The experiment was carried out in Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo State, Brazil with five N rates: 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg ha-1 with Si (slag) and without Si (lime), in a randomized block with four replications. The soil chemical properties did not differ with the application of lime or slag in 99 days after application neither any mobility of bases in the soil profile was verified. Nitrogen fertilization with or without addition of Si did not affect the growth parameters of the cane plant. Accumulation of N, P, K, Mg, S, Cu and Zn mostly occurred in the stalk, while the highest Ca, B, Fe, Mn and Si accumulation were found in the leaves. Si, K and N were the most elements extracted by the cane plant (variety RB855156). No significant effects of N fertilization on cane plant yield; however, when associated with Si as slag, there was an increase of 15 t ha-1 of stalks. Nitrogen fertilizer increased the sucrose content and fiber linearly, however, no effect of adding slag in the technological variables of the cane plant. In general, nitrogen associated with Si added in the form of slag proved to be adequate for the cultivation of cane plant

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-07-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:06:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 fonseca_im_me_jabo.pdf: 2300678 bytes, checksum: 7d716e8445017c177b67dfa0bf9efb53 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação para o Desenvolvimento da UNESP (FUNDUNESP) / A escória de siderurgia é constituída basicamente por silicato de cálcio e magnésio, sendo considerada como material corretivo da acidez do solo e como fonte de nutrientes e de silício para as plantas. Diante disso, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da escória de siderurgia como fonte de silício e material corretivo na presença de doses de nitrogênio nos atributos químicos do solo, no estado nutricional, no crescimento e na produção de massa seca do capim-marandu. Desenvolveu-se o estudo em casa de vegetação, na FCAV/Unesp, Campus Jaboticabal-SP, no período de dezembro/05 a julho/06, realizando dois cortes. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2x3x3 + 1, sendo duas fontes de material corretivo, três doses de material corretivo (1,61, 3,22 e 6,44 t ha-1 de ECaCO3), três doses de nitrogênio, sendo a metade, a dose e duas vezes a dose recomendada (200 mg dm-3) aplicados nos dois cortes das plantas, e uma testemunha absoluta, com quatro repetições. A unidade experimental foi constituída por um vaso preenchido com 4 dm3 de terra de um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico textura média, e quatro plantas. Verificouse que as doses de escória aumentaram as concentrações de Si no solo e na planta, diminuindo, porém, o acúmulo de N no capim. A adubação nitrogenada associada à escória incrementou a produção de massa seca e a absorção de Si pelo capimmarandu. O uso da escória de siderurgia mostra-se adequado ao cultivo da forrageira como material corretivo da acidez do solo e fonte de silício para o capim-marandu. / The slag is constituted basically by calcium and magnesium silicate, being considered as neutralizing material of the soil acidity and as source of nutrients and of silicon for the plants. This research was carried out in greenhouse conditions with the objective to evaluate the effects of the slag plus nitrogen on the chemical attributes of the soil, nutritional state, growth and dry matter production of the marandu palisadegrass (Brachiaria brizantha). The experiment was conducted in São Paulo State University - UNESP, Brazil, during December/05 the July/06 period, when the grasses were cut twice. The experimental design was a randomized blocks with treatments organized in 2x3x3+1 in factorial scheme (two types of corrective material, tree corrective material rates, tree nitrogen rates plus a control treatment), with four replications. The experimental units were pots filled with 4 dm3 of medium texture Oxissol with four plants. The slag rates increased the soil and plant silicon contents. However, decreased the plant nitrogen contents. The nitrogen fertilization plus slag increased dry matter production and plant silicon contents. The slag was adequate as corrective material of the acidity of the soil and as silicon source to marandu palisadegrass.

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2015-03-20T12:56:47Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Alan Carlos Alves de Souza - 2014.pdf: 1318444 bytes, checksum: 0ecebb757edfdc4bb5ddcc76cbb631df (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-03-20T13:41:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Alan Carlos Alves de Souza - 2014.pdf: 1318444 bytes, checksum: 0ecebb757edfdc4bb5ddcc76cbb631df (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-20T13:42:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Alan Carlos Alves de Souza - 2014.pdf: 1318444 bytes, checksum: 0ecebb757edfdc4bb5ddcc76cbb631df (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-24 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Rice is considered a cereal that has the potential to eradicate hunger and malnutrition. However, during its cultivation, is submitted to biotic and abiotic stresses, which lowers productivity in key growing regions, followed by the rising cost of inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides. The aim of this work was to study the effect of silicon, alone and in combination with bioagents on growth promotion and leaf blast suppression of on upland rice. Two experiments, E1 and E2 were conducted in a factorial design in the greenhouse conditions. E1: aimed to select the best treatments for plant growth promotion and rice blast (Magnaporthe oryzae) suppression. It was composed by 5 plots (control; 1 ton SiCaMg.ha-1; 2 ton SiCaMg.ha-1; 4 ton SiCaMg.ha-1; 8 ton SiCaMg.ha-1), 5 subplot (control; Burkholderia pyrrocinia; Pseudomonas fluorescens, Trichoderma asperellum; mixture of all these three bioagents) and 8 replication. E2: aimed to investigate the defense mechanisms of the best treatment selected in E1. It was composed of 2 plots (control; 2 ton SiCaMg.ha-1) and subplot 3 (control; Trichoderma asperellum; mixture of all these three bioagents) and 4 replication. Silicon fertilization and bioagents interaction proved to be promising. In E1, T. asperellum combined with 2 ton.ha-1 of SiCaMg plant fertilization increased 45.63% of plant growth and, the combination of all three bioagents with 2 ton ha of SiCaMg plants fertilization was the best treatment reducing 96% of leaf blast. In E2, the two best treatments in E1 statistically increased QUI, GLU, POX and FAL activity as well AS content in the absence of Magnaporthe oryzae. However, 24 and 48 hours after challenger inoculation with M. oryzae, only QUI and GLU activity and AS content statistically increased in the treatment that combined all three bioagents and 2 ton.ha-1 of SiCaMg plants fertilization. Leaf blast reduction through the activation of defense mechanisms elected the combination silicon fertilization and bioagents as important strategies for sustainable rice disease management. / O arroz é considerado o cereal que possui potencial para a erradicação da fome e da má nutrição. Porém, durante seu cultivo, é submetido a estresses bióticos e abióticos, o que diminui a produtividade nas principais regiões de cultivo, acompanhado do aumento dos custos com insumos, como fertilizantes e agrotóxicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o efeito do silício, isoladamente e em combinação com bioagentes, na supressão de brusone foliar em plantas de arroz de terras altas. Foram realizados dois experimentos, em delineamento fatorial, em casa de vegetação (E1 e E2). E1: composto de 5 tratamentos (controle; 1 ton SiCaMg.ha-1; 2 ton SiCaMg.ha-1;4 ton SiCaMg.ha-1; 8 ton SiCaMg.ha-1), 5 subtratamentos (controle; Burkholderia pyrrocinia; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Trichoderma asperellum; mistura dos três bioagentes) e 8 repetições, com o objetivo de selecionar os melhores tratamentos, através da severidade de brusone (Magnaporthe oryzae) nas folhas. E2: composto por 2 tratamentos (controle; 2 ton SiCaMg.ha-1), 3 subtratamentos (controle; Trichoderma asperellum; mistura dos três bioagentes) e 4 repetições, com o objetivo de investigar o efeito dos melhores tratamentos, para a promoção de crescimento das plantas e supressão de brusone foliar e na ativação dos mecanismos de defesa da planta. A interação entre a adubação silicatada e os bioagentes mostrou-se promissora. Em E1, o melhor tratamento para a redução de brusone foliar foi a combinação entre os três bioagentes e plantas adubadas com 2 ton SiCaMg.ha-1, suprimindo a doença em 96%. Em E2, as combinações entre T. asperellum e plantas adubadas com 2 ton SiCaMg.ha-1 e, a mistura dos bioagentes em plantas adubadas com 2 ton SiCaMg.ha-1 aumentaram significativamente a atividade das enzimas quitinase, β-1,3 glucanase, peroxidase, fenilalanina amônia-liase, e o teor de ácido salicílico na ausência de Magnaporthe oryzae. A mistura dos três bioagentes, em plantas adubadas com 2 ton SiCaMg.ha-1 proporcionou o aumento expressivo das enzimas quitinase, β-1,3 glucanase e o teor de ácido salicílico às 24 e 48 horas após a inoculação com M. oryzae. A redução da brusone foliar acompanhada da participação ativa dos mecanismos de defesa elegem a adubação silicatada e os bioagentes como estratégias importantes para o manejo sustentável.