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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Gene expression analysis of pancreatic cell lines reveals genes overexpressed in pancreatic cancer

Alldinger, Ingo, Dittert, Dag, Peiper, Matthias, Fusco, Alberto, Chiappetta, Gennaro, Staub, Eike, Löhr, Matthias, Jesenofsky, Ralf, Baretton, Gustavo, Ockert, Detlef, Saeger, Hans-Detlev, Grützmann, Robert, Pilarsky, Christian January 2005 (has links)
Background: Pancreatic cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. Using DNA gene expression analysis based on a custom made Affymetrix cancer array, we investigated the expression pattern of both primary and established pancreatic carcinoma cell lines. Methods: We analyzed the gene expression of 5 established pancreatic cancer cell lines (AsPC-1, BxPC-3, Capan-1, Capan-2 and HPAF II) and 5 primary isolates, 1 of them derived from benign pancreatic duct cells. Results: Out of 1,540 genes which were expressed in at least 3 experiments, we found 122 genes upregulated and 18 downregulated in tumor cell lines compared to benign cells with a fold change > 3. Several of the upregulated genes (like Prefoldin 5, ADAM9 and E-cadherin) have been associated with pancreatic cancer before. The other differentially regulated genes, however, play a so far unknown role in the course of human pancreatic carcinoma. By means of immunohistochemistry we could show that thymosin [β-10 (TMSB10), upregulated in tumor cell lines, is expressed in human pancreatic carcinoma, but not in non-neoplastic pancreatic tissue, suggesting a role for TMSB10 in the carcinogenesis of pancreatic carcinoma. Conclusion: Using gene expression profiling of pancreatic cell lines we were able to identify genes differentially expressed in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, which might contribute to pancreatic cancer development. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
12

Distance-based methods for the analysis of Next-Generation sequencing data

Otto, Raik 14 September 2021 (has links)
Die Analyse von NGS Daten ist ein zentraler Aspekt der modernen genomischen Forschung. Bei der Extraktion von Daten aus den beiden am häufigsten verwendeten Quellorganismen bestehen jedoch vielfältige Problemstellungen. Im ersten Kapitel wird ein neuartiger Ansatz vorgestellt welcher einen Abstand zwischen Krebszellinienkulturen auf Grundlage ihrer kleinen genomischen Varianten bestimmt um die Kulturen zu identifizieren. Eine Voll-Exom sequenzierte Kultur wird durch paarweise Vergleiche zu Referenzdatensätzen identifiziert so ein gemessener Abstand geringer ist als dies bei nicht verwandten Kulturen zu erwarten wäre. Die Wirksamkeit der Methode wurde verifiziert, jedoch verbleiben Einschränkung da nur das Sequenzierformat des Voll-Exoms unterstützt wird. Daher wird im zweiten Kapitel eine publizierte Modifikation des Ansatzes vorgestellt welcher die Unterstützung der weitläufig genutzten Bulk RNA sowie der Panel-Sequenzierung ermöglicht. Die Ausweitung der Technologiebasis führt jedoch zu einer Verstärkung von Störeffekten welche zu Verletzungen der mathematischen Konditionen einer Abstandsmetrik führen. Daher werden die entstandenen Verletzungen durch statistische Verfahren zuerst quantifiziert und danach durch dynamische Schwellwertanpassungen erfolgreich kompensiert. Das dritte Kapitel stellt eine neuartige Daten-Aufwertungsmethode (Data-Augmentation) vor welche das Trainieren von maschinellen Lernmodellen in Abwesenheit von neoplastischen Trainingsdaten ermöglicht. Ein abstraktes Abstandsmaß wird zwischen neoplastischen Entitäten sowie Entitäten gesundem Ursprungs mittels einer transkriptomischen Dekonvolution hergestellt. Die Ausgabe der Dekonvolution erlaubt dann das effektive Vorhersagen von klinischen Eigenschaften von seltenen jedoch biologisch vielfältigen Krebsarten wobei die prädiktive Kraft des Verfahrens der des etablierten Goldstandard ebenbürtig ist. / The analysis of NGS data is a central aspect of modern Molecular Genetics and Oncology. The first scientific contribution is the development of a method which identifies Whole-exome-sequenced CCL via the quantification of a distance between their sets of small genomic variants. A distinguishing aspect of the method is that it was designed for the computer-based identification of NGS-sequenced CCL. An identification of an unknown CCL occurs when its abstract distance to a known CCL is smaller than is expected due to chance. The method performed favorably during benchmarks but only supported the Whole-exome-sequencing technology. The second contribution therefore extended the identification method by additionally supporting the Bulk mRNA-sequencing technology and Panel-sequencing format. However, the technological extension incurred predictive biases which detrimentally affected the quantification of abstract distances. Hence, statistical methods were introduced to quantify and compensate for confounding factors. The method revealed a heterogeneity-robust benchmark performance at the trade-off of a slightly reduced sensitivity compared to the Whole-exome-sequencing method. The third contribution is a method which trains Machine-Learning models for rare and diverse cancer types. Machine-Learning models are subsequently trained on these distances to predict clinically relevant characteristics. The performance of such-trained models was comparable to that of models trained on both the substituted neoplastic data and the gold-standard biomarker Ki-67. No proliferation rate-indicative features were utilized to predict clinical characteristics which is why the method can complement the proliferation rate-oriented pathological assessment of biopsies. The thesis revealed that the quantification of an abstract distance can address sources of erroneous NGS data analysis.
13

Extraction, identification et caractérisation des molécules bioactives de la graine et de l'huile de Silybum marianum. Étude de leurs activités antioxydante et antitumorale / Extraction, identification and characterization of bioactive molecules of Silybum marianum seed and oil. Study of their antioxidant and antitumoral activities

Ben Rahal, Neïla 05 October 2012 (has links)
L'extraction par CO2 supercritique démontre les avantages d'un procédé de chimie verte en comparant ce procédé à la méthode d'extraction par solvant organiques et en tenant compte du degré de toxicité et de pollution du solvant. L'extraction par solvants organiques met en évidence l'influence du solvant d'extraction alors que l'extraction par CO2-SC met en évidence l'influence de différents paramètres dont la pression, la température, le temps de contact entre la matrice végétale et le CO2-SC, le diamètre moyen des particules et l'ajout d'un co-solvant. L'analyse chromatographique a permis d'identifier et de quantifier les flavonolignanes (silychristine, silydianine, silybine, taxifoline) dans les extraits de graines obtenus par solvants organiques et par CO2-SC avec co-solvant. A 220 bar, les concentrations en silydianine (38,87 mg/g) et en silybine (45,91mg/g) sont les plus élevés et à 40°C les concentrations en silychristine (31,97mg/g), en silydianine (38,87 mg/g) et en silybine (45,91mg/g) sont les plus importantes. Les extraits huileux obtenus à 220 bar et à 40°C des graines de Silybum marianum sont riches en acides gras : acide linoléique (65,22%), acide oléique (27,01%), acide palmitique (12,12%). L'activité antioxydante a été évaluée par deux tests : test DPPH et test ABTS. Ces deux tests sont complémentaires et ont permis de conclure que l'extrait ayant un effet antioxydant le plus important est l'extrait obtenu par CO2-SC à 220 bar et à 40°C. L'activité biologique de cet extrait est mise en évidence par rapport à une lignée cellulaire cancéreuse du colon Caco-2. La silychristine, la silydianine et la silybine ainsi que l'extrait obtenu par CO2-SC avec co-solvant (éthanol) à 220 bar et à 40°C ont été testés vis à vis de cette lignée cancéreuse. Ces expérimentations in vitro reflètent une activité cytotoxique quantifiable et une mortalité cellulaire des Caco-2 des flavonolignanes allant jusqu'à 71% / The supercritical CO2 extraction demonstrates the benefits of green chemistry process comparing with the method of organic solvents extraction and depending to toxicity and pollution solvent degree. Organic solvents extraction shows the solvent extraction influence, so that the SC-CO2 extraction highlights different parameters including pressure, temperature, contact time between the plant matrix and CO2 SC, the average particle diameter and the addition of a cosolvent. Chromatographic analysis identified and quantified four flavonolignans (silychristin, silydianin, silybin, taxifolin) in seed extracts obtained by organic solvents and SC-CO2 with cosolvent. At 220 bar, silydianin (38.87 mg / g) and silybin (45.91 mg / g) have highest concentrations and at 40°C silychristin (31.97 mg / g), silydianin (38.87 mg / g) and silybin (45.91 mg / g) have the most important concentrations. The oily extracts obtained at 220 bar and 40°C of Silybum marianum seeds are rich in fatty acids: linoleic acid (65.22%), oleic acid (27.01%), palmitic acid (12.12%). The antioxidant activity measured by two tests: DPPH and ABTS test. These two tests are complementary and confirm that the extract with the higher antioxidant effect is the extract obtained by SC-CO2 at 220 bar and 40°C. The biological activity of this extract is demonstrated with respect to a colon cancer cell line Caco-2. Silychristin, silydianin and silybin and the extract obtained by CO2-SC with co-solvent (ethanol) at 220 bar and 40°C were tested with respect to this line cancer. These experiments in vitro cytotoxic activity reflect estimable and cell death of Caco-2 flavonolignans of up to 71%
14

Development of DNA aptamer as a HMGA inhibitor for cancer therapy and NMR-based metabonomics studies in human/mouse cell lines

Watanabe, Miki 05 December 2011 (has links)
No description available.

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