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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Thymidine kinase activities in white blood cells and serum in cancer patients

O'Neill, K. L. January 1986 (has links)
No description available.
2

Caregiver Burden in Distance Caregivers of Patients with Cancer

Park, Sumin 23 May 2022 (has links)
No description available.
3

Βιοχημικές και ανοσοβιολογικές μεταβολές των πρωτεογλυκανών σε κακοήθη νεοπλάσματα του γαστρεντερικού συστήματος

Κυριακοπούλου, Θεοδώρα 01 July 2014 (has links)
Οι καρκίνοι του γαστρεντερικού συστήματος είναι από τους πιο συνηθισμένους τύπους καρκίνου στον αναπτυγμένο κόσμο. Ο καρκίνος του παχέος εντέρου είναι εκείνος με τη μεγαλύτερη συχνότητα εμφάνισης, αλλά αντιμετωπίζεται με αρκετά καλή πρόγνωση. Αντίθετα, ο καρκίνος του παγκρέατος είναι εκείνος με τη χειρότερη πρόγνωση και πολλές φορές δεν αντιμετωπίζεται. Τα τελευταία χρόνια αναπτύσσεται εκτεταμένη έρευνα στα εξωκυττάρια μακρομόρια των καρκινικών ιστών και στο ρόλο τους στην ανάπτυξη και εξέλιξη του καρκίνου, όπως επίσης και στις δυνατότητες επηρεασμού των παραγόντων αυτών φαρμακευτικά. Η παρούσα Διατριβή έχει δύο στόχους, ο πρώτος σχετίζεται με τη μελέτη των εξωκυττάριων πρωτεογλυκανών στον καρκίνο του παγκρέατος και ο δεύτερος με τη μελέτη του μεταβολισμού του υαλουρονικού οξέος στον καρκίνο του παχέος εντέρου μέσω της μελέτης των βιοσυνθετικών και καταβολικών του ενζύμων. Ο πρώτος στόχος διερευνήθηκε με συνδυασμό βιοχημικών και ανοσοϊστοχημικών τεχνικών, από τα αποτελέσματα των οποίων διαπιστώθηκε ότι μόνο δύο πρωτεογλυκανικά μόρια ανευρίσκονται στο παγκρεατικό καρκίνωμα, η versican και η decorin. Και οι δύο πρωτεογλυκάνες εντοπίστηκαν στο στρώμα και απουσίαζαν πλήρως από τα καρκινικά κύτταρα, γεγονός που υποστηρίζει ότι παράγονται από τις ινοβλάστες του στρώματος. Ήταν σημαντική η αύξηση των ποσοτήτων των δύο πρωτεογλυκανών στο παγκρεατικό καρκίνωμα, σε σχέση με το φυσιολογικό πάγκρεας και μεγάλη η διαφορά που εμφάνιζαν μεταξύ τους. Η versican αυξήθηκε 27 φορές και η decorin 7 φορές, σε σχέση με το φυσιολογικό πάγκρεας. Η μεγαλύτερη αύξηση της versican σχετίζεται με τις ιδιότητες της πρωτεογλυκάνης, τόσο δομικές, ενυδατικές, χωροπληρωτικές, όσο και λειτουργικές, εφ’ όσον πρόκειται για πολυλειτουργικό μόριο. Επί πλέον, η versican συμβάλλει στην κατακόρυφη αύξηση του κυτταρικού πολλαπλασιασμού, ενώ παράλληλα συμβάλλει και στις αντι-προσκολλητικές ιδιότητες των κυττάρων, παρέχοντας τη δυνατότητα για υπέρμετρη, και πολλές φορές ανεξέλεκτη, κυτταρική ανάπτυξη σε τοπικό επίπεδο. Το γεγονός της χαμηλότερης αύξησης της συγκέντρωσης της decorin, σε σχέση με εκείνη της versican, θα μπορούσε να αποτελεί ένα μέτρο της επιθετικότητας του καρκίνου ή ακόμα, ένα μέτρο της κακοήθειας. Η αύξηση των πρωτεογλυκανών συνοδευόταν από σημαντικότατες αλλαγές στη βιοχημική δομή τους σε επίπεδο υδροδυναμικού μεγέθους, βαθμού και προτύπου θείωσης, όπως επίσης και επιμερίωσης του γλυκουρονικού σε ιδουρονικό. Οι αλλαγές αυτές θα μπορούσε να οφείλονται σε πολλαπλές αλλοιώσεις των βιοσυνθετικών μονοπατιών τους. Ο δεύτερος στόχος διερευνήθηκε με συνδυασμό ενζυμολογικών, ανοσοενζυμικών και μοριακών τεχνικών, από τα αποτελέσματα των οποίων διαπιστώθηκε σε όλα τα δείγματα η παρουσία των ισομορφών υαλουρονιδάσης Hyal1 και ΡΗ20, και σε πολλαπλές μορφές, αλλά και των Hyal2 και Hyal3, όμως μόνο σε προχωρημένο στάδιο, ως επίσης και η παρουσία των τριών συνθασών του υαλουρονικού. Παρατηρήθηκε σημαντική μεταβολή της έκφρασης με το καρκινικό στάδιο. Η Hyal1 εκφραζόταν σε πολύ χαμηλά επίπεδα σε μακροσκοπικώς φυσιολογικά δείγματα παχέος εντέρου με καρκίνο σταδίου Α, όμως η έκφρασή της ήταν πάνω από δέκα φορές μεγαλύτερη στα αντίστοιχα καρκινικά, υποστηρίζοντας ότι η Hyal1 παράγεται από τα καρκινικά κύτταρα. Το γεγονός ότι η έκφραση της Hyal1 στα καρκινικά δείγματα εμφάνιζε σταδιο-εξαρτώμενη μείωση, σε συνδυασμό με το δεδομένο ότι η δράση της οδηγεί στην παραγωγή αγγειογενετικών θραυσμάτων υαλουρονικού, έρχεται σε συμφωνία με το δεδομένο ότι η διαδικασία της αγγειογένεσης απαιτείται κυρίως στα αρχικά στάδια της καρκινικής εξαλλαγής. Από την άλλη πλευρά, η ΡΗ20 εμφάνιζε υψηλότερη έκφραση, σε σχέση με την Hyal1, στα μακροσκοπικώς φυσιολογικά δείγματα σταδίου Α, η οποία όμως αυξανόταν τέσσερις φορές στα αντίστοιχα καρκινικά, υποδεικνύοντας και τη δική της συμμετοχή στη 10 διαδικασία της αγγειογένεσης. Στα επόμενα στάδια υπήρχε μεν αύξηση στην έκφραση της ΡΗ20, αυτή όμως ήταν μικρή, και πιθανόν να λειτουργεί με σκοπό την ακόμα μεγαλύτερη αποικοδόμηση του υαλουρονικού ώστε να χαλαρώσει η δομή του εξωκυττάριου χώρου και να δοθεί η δυνατότητα ανάπτυξης του καρκίνου ή μετάστασης των καρκινικών κυττάρων. Παράλληλα, διαπιστώθηκε μικρή αύξηση της έκφρασης της ΡΗ20 στα μακροσκοπικώς φυσιολογικά δείγματα σταδίου Β και πολύ μεγαλύτερη σε εκείνα σταδίου C. Από τον έλεγχο της έκφρασης των συνθασών του υαλουρονικού διαπιστώθηκε ότι υπάρχει σημαντική σταδιο-εξαρτώμενη αύξηση της HAS1, η οποία οδηγεί στη βιοσύνθεση υαλουρονικού μεγάλου μοριακού μεγέθους, υποστηρίζοντας ότι ο καρκίνος συντονίζει την παραγωγή υαλουρονικού με μέγεθος τέτοιο που, σύμφωνα με τις χωροπληρωτικές και ενυδατικές του ιδιότητες, μπορεί να βοηθήσει την ενυδάτωση του εξωκυττάριου χώρου και την κυτταρική ανάπτυξη. Από την άλλη πλευρά, η HAS2 εμφάνιζε μικρή σταδιο-εξαρτώμενη αύξηση, μόνο στα καρκινικά δείγματα, η οποία μπορεί να οδηγήσει στη βιοσύνθεση μεγαλομοριακού υαλουρονικού, που απαιτείται για τη σωστή και οργανωμένη ανάπτυξη του καρκινικού όγκου. Τέλος, η HAS3 εμφάνιζε μικρή σταδιο-εξαρτώμενη μείωση, υποδηλώνοντας ότι η παρουσία της είναι απαραίτητη σε σχεδόν σταθερό βαθμό για την ανάπτυξη και εξέλιξη του καρκίνου και τούτο γιατί το προϊόν της είναι μικρότερου μοριακού μεγέθους σε σχέση με τις υπόλοιπες συνθάσες. Αυτό εξ άλλου υποστηρίζεται και από το γεγονός ότι η HAS3 εμφανίζει τη μεγαλύτερη έκφραση σε σχέση με τις άλλες συνθάσες σε δείγματα σταδίου Α, στάδιο που είναι κρίσιμο για την αγγειογένεση και την υποβοήθηση της διατροφής των καρκινικών κυττάρων. Συμπερασματικά, γίνεται φανερό ότι τα καρκινικά κύτταρα συνδυάζουν πολλούς μηχανισμούς για την ανάπτυξη, τη διήθηση και την επέκταση του καρκίνου και τα εξωκυττάρια μακρομόρια μπορεί να έχουν κομβικό ρόλο σ’ αυτούς. Οι μηχανισμοί αυτοί, όπως μελετήθηκαν στην παρούσα διατριβή, είναι: ελεγχόμενη αύξηση της συγκέντρωσης των πρωτεογλυκανών versican και decorin, εξειδικευμένες τροποποιήσεις στη βιοχημική δομή των γλυκοζαμινογλυκανών, ελεγχόμενη έκφραση των βιοσυνθετικών και καταβολικών ενζύμων του υαλουρονικού. Όλες αυτές οι μεταβολές συντονίζονται κατά τέτοιο τρόπο ώστε να εξυπηρετήσουν τις απαιτήσεις του καρκίνου είτε στο επίπεδο της αγγειογένεσης είτε στο επίπεδο της οργάνωσης του εξωκυττάριου χώρου. Οι μελλοντικές μελέτες θα πρέπει να προσανατολιστούν ακόμα περισσότερο στη συσχέτιση χημικής δομής και λειτουργικότητας των αλυσίδων θειικής χονδροϊτίνης/δερματάνης, ώστε να γίνουν πλήρως αντιληπτοί οι ρόλοι αυτών των μακρομορίων, όπως επίσης στους ρυθμιστικούς μηχανισμούς που ελέγχουν την έκφραση των ενζύμων του μεταβολισμού του υαλουρονικού, με απώτερο στόχο την ειδικότερη και πληρέστερη φαρμακευτική αντιμετώπιση του καρκίνου. / Cancers of gastrointestinal tract are the most common type of cancers in developed world. Colorectal cancer has the highest incidence, however it is treated with rather good prognosis. On the other hand, pancreatic cancer has very bad prognosis and in most cases it cannot be treated. The last years extended research focused to the extracellular macromolecules of cancer, their role in cancer progression and their possible use as drug targets. The present Thesis aimed to study the extracellular proteoglycans structure in pancreatic cancer and the hyaluronan metabolism in colorectal cancer. The first was investigated by using a combination of biochemical and immunohistochemical techniques, and from their results it was found that two extracellular proteoglycans were present in pancreatic carcinoma, versican and decorin. Both proteoglycans were detected in the stroma and were absent from cancer cells, suggesting their biosynthesis from normal fibroblasts. In addition, their amounts were highly increased in pancreatic carcinoma, as compared with normal pancreas. Their increase in cancer was disproportional. Versican was increased 27 times and decorin 7 times, as compared with normal pancreas. Versican increase is related to its structural, hydration and space-filling properties, as well as to its function, since it is a multifunctional macromolecule. Versican enhances cell proliferation, and together with its anti-adhesive properties, allows mainly uncontrolled cellular growth locally. The lower increase of decorin, as compared with that of versican, could explain aggressiveness and malignancy of pancreatic cancer. Proteoglycans increase was followed by extensive alterations in their biochemical structure, namely, hydrodynamic size, sulphation pattern, and epimerization of glucuronate to iduronate. These should be attributed to multiple alterations of their biosynthetic pathways. The second was investigated by using a combination of enzymatic, immunoenzymatic and molecular techniques, and from their results it was found that multiple forms of Hyal1 and PH20 were present in all samples, as well as all hyaluronan synthases (HASs). Hyal2 and Hyal3 were present in some samples of advanced stage of cancer. Changes in expression with cancer stage were observed. Hyal1 expressed in low levels in apparently macroscopically normal parts of stage A samples, and its expression was 10 times greater in the respective cancerous. This finding suggested that Hyal1 is produced from cancer cells. Hyal1 expresssion showed a stage-related decrease and since its activity results to hyaluronan fragments of angiogenetic size, it could be concluded that Hyal1 is required at early stage of cancer. PH20 expressed in a higher rate than Hyal1 in apparently macroscopically normal parts of stage A samples, and its expression was 4 times greater in the respective cancerous, suggesting its participation in angiogenesis. In advanced stages, PH20 expression was slightly increased, suggesting its participation in extracellular matrix disorganization to permit cancer growth and progression, as well as metastasis. This was also observed in apparently macroscopically normal parts of samples of advanced stages. From the examination of the expression of the various HASs, a great and stage-related increase of HAS1 was found. This enzyme is responsible for the biosynthesis of hyaluronan of very high molecular size and thus it could be suggested that cancer regulates hyaluronan biosynthesis in such a way to fulfill cancer requirements in matrix hydration. HAS2 expression was also increased in a stage-related order only in cancerous samples, but the increase was lower than that of HAS1. This enzyme is responsible for the biosynthesis of hyaluronan of high molecular size which might be required for well-organized cancer growth. HAS3 expression was slightly decreased in a stage-related order, suggesting that its presence is stably required for the correct cancer growth and progression, since its biosynthetic product is of lower hydrodynamic size, as compared with that of HAS1 and 12 HAS2. Moreover, HAS3 expression was higher than that of both other HASs in samples of stage A, a stage very critical for angiogenesis. From the results obtained, it could be concluded that cancer cells combine a variety of multiple mechanisms for cancer growth, progression and invasion, and that extracellular macromolecules might play a very critical role. The mechanisms, as studied in the present Thesis, are: selective and highly regulated increase of the proteoglycans versican and decorin, selective modifications of glycosaminoglycans biochemical structure, selective and highly regulated expression of biosynthetic and catabolic enzymes related to hyaluronan. All these changes coordinate to fulfill cancer requirements for either angiogenesis or extracellular matrix organization, depending on its stage. Future studies will be oriented to chondroitin/dermatan sulphate structure/function relationship for better understanding of the role of these macromolecules in cancer, and of the regulatory mechanisms implicated in the expression of the enzymes involved in hyaluronan metabolism, aiming at the cancer treatment.
4

Análise dos fatores de risco para complicações pulmonares em pacientes laringectomizados : estudo retrospectivo do período de 1985 a 1996 / Risk factors analysis to pulmonary complications in postoperative laryngeal cancer patients: restrospective study from 1985 to 1996

Melo, Giulianno Molina de 22 November 2002 (has links)
Os objetivos deste estudo foram identificar os fatores de risco para complicações pulmonares pós-operatórias em pacientes laringectomizados por carcinoma espinocelular de laringe, assim como os fatores de risco para apresentação de metástases pulmonares e os fatores de risco para apresentação de segundo tumores primários em pulmão destes pacientes no período de 1985 a 1996. O estudo consistiu em uma análise retrospectiva de 291 pacientes admitidos no Hospital do Câncer A. C. Camargo, no período de 1985 a 1996, portadores de carcinoma espinocelular de laringe, submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico com intenção curativa seguido ou não de radioterapia. Foram analisados as variáveis demográficas, as comorbidades, a localização do sítio primário, o estadiamento clínico, o tratamento do tumor primário e do pescoço, o tratamento radioterápico, a diferenciação celular, as margens cirúrgicas, as recidivas locais, as recidivas regionais, a presença de complicações maiores, de complicações menores, as metástases pulmonares e a presença de múltiplos tumores primários pulmonares. O teste de associação do qui-quadrado foi utilizado para análise univariada descritiva das diversas variáveis comparando-se os grupos com complicação pulmonar e sem complicação pulmonar. A análise multivariada através da regressão logística foi utilizada na determinação dos fatores de risco para apresentação de metástases pulmonares e múltiplos tumores primário pulmonares. A incidência de complicações pulmonares foi de 31,3%, foram identificados como fatores de risco para complicações pulmonares somente a epiglote (p=0,004; RR 2,1), tendo a variável gênero associação marginal (p=0,081; RR 2,8). As metástases pulmonares tiveram incidência de 7,2%, na análise univariada foram identificados como fatores de risco o estadiamento N (p=0,032), diferenciação histológica (p=0,004), margens cirúrgicas (p=0,017) e recidivas locoregionais (0,002). Os múltiplos tumores primários pulmonares apresentaram incidência de 3,1% e na análise univariada foram identificados como fatores de risco o estadiamento N (p=0,048) e sítio aritenóide (p=0,001). Na análise multivariada foram significativos somente a diferenciação histológica: moderamente diferenciado (p=0,007; RR 2,9) e pouco diferenciado (p=0,032; RR 4,0); e as margens cirúrgicas: exíguas (p=0,003; RR 6,4) para apresentação de metástases pulmonares e múltiplos tumores pulmonares. Este estudo demonstra a importância do estadiamento clínico como fator de risco para complicações pulmonares, metástases à distância e múltiplos tumores primário em pulmão. Os fatores de risco determinantes para aparecimento de metástases pulmonares e múltiplos tumores primários pulmonares foram a diferenciação histológica e as margens cirúrgicas / Objective: To identify the risk factors to postoperative pulmonary complications in laryngeal cancer patients submitted to surgical treatment, the risk factors to development of lung metastasis and second lung primary tumor. Patients and Methods: Retrospective study of a cohort of 291 patients admitted at Hospital do Câncer A.C.Camargo from January, 1985 to December 1996. All patients were submitted to some kind of laryngectomy with curative intent as part of treatment of a proven laryngeal cancer, followed or not by radiotherapy. The following variables were analized: demographic, comorbidities, primary site, clinical stage, primary and neck surgical treatment, histopathologic differentiation grade, surgical margins, recurrences, postoperative pulmonary complications, lung metastasis and second lung primary tumor. The univariate and multivariate analysis were utilized to built the model to predict the risks factors and the factors of prognostic significance. Results: The overall pulmonary complications incidence were 31,3%, epiglottis were identified as significant single risk factor to pulmonary complications (p=0.004; RR 2,1). Lung metastasis had 7,2% incidence to this, the risk factors were N stage (p=0.032 ), histopathologic differentiation grade (p=0.004), surgical margins (p=0.017) and locoregional recurrence (p=0.002). The second lung primary tumor incidence were 3,1%, univariate analysis showed N stage (p=0,048) and arithenoid site (p=0,001) as significant risk factors. The multivariate analysis showed the histopathologic differentiation: moderate grade (p=0.007 RR 2,9) and poor grade (p=0.032 RR 4,0) and surgical margins: close (p=0.003 RR 6,4) as prognostic factors to deveopment of lung metastasis and second lung primary tumor. Conclusions: This study showed the clinical stage importance as risk factor to development of postoperative pulmonary complication, lung metastasis and second lung primary tumor in laryngectomy cancer patients. The prognostic factors associated with lung metastasis and second lung primary tumor were the histopathologic differentiation and the surgical margins
5

Análise dos fatores de risco para complicações pulmonares em pacientes laringectomizados : estudo retrospectivo do período de 1985 a 1996 / Risk factors analysis to pulmonary complications in postoperative laryngeal cancer patients: restrospective study from 1985 to 1996

Giulianno Molina de Melo 22 November 2002 (has links)
Os objetivos deste estudo foram identificar os fatores de risco para complicações pulmonares pós-operatórias em pacientes laringectomizados por carcinoma espinocelular de laringe, assim como os fatores de risco para apresentação de metástases pulmonares e os fatores de risco para apresentação de segundo tumores primários em pulmão destes pacientes no período de 1985 a 1996. O estudo consistiu em uma análise retrospectiva de 291 pacientes admitidos no Hospital do Câncer A. C. Camargo, no período de 1985 a 1996, portadores de carcinoma espinocelular de laringe, submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico com intenção curativa seguido ou não de radioterapia. Foram analisados as variáveis demográficas, as comorbidades, a localização do sítio primário, o estadiamento clínico, o tratamento do tumor primário e do pescoço, o tratamento radioterápico, a diferenciação celular, as margens cirúrgicas, as recidivas locais, as recidivas regionais, a presença de complicações maiores, de complicações menores, as metástases pulmonares e a presença de múltiplos tumores primários pulmonares. O teste de associação do qui-quadrado foi utilizado para análise univariada descritiva das diversas variáveis comparando-se os grupos com complicação pulmonar e sem complicação pulmonar. A análise multivariada através da regressão logística foi utilizada na determinação dos fatores de risco para apresentação de metástases pulmonares e múltiplos tumores primário pulmonares. A incidência de complicações pulmonares foi de 31,3%, foram identificados como fatores de risco para complicações pulmonares somente a epiglote (p=0,004; RR 2,1), tendo a variável gênero associação marginal (p=0,081; RR 2,8). As metástases pulmonares tiveram incidência de 7,2%, na análise univariada foram identificados como fatores de risco o estadiamento N (p=0,032), diferenciação histológica (p=0,004), margens cirúrgicas (p=0,017) e recidivas locoregionais (0,002). Os múltiplos tumores primários pulmonares apresentaram incidência de 3,1% e na análise univariada foram identificados como fatores de risco o estadiamento N (p=0,048) e sítio aritenóide (p=0,001). Na análise multivariada foram significativos somente a diferenciação histológica: moderamente diferenciado (p=0,007; RR 2,9) e pouco diferenciado (p=0,032; RR 4,0); e as margens cirúrgicas: exíguas (p=0,003; RR 6,4) para apresentação de metástases pulmonares e múltiplos tumores pulmonares. Este estudo demonstra a importância do estadiamento clínico como fator de risco para complicações pulmonares, metástases à distância e múltiplos tumores primário em pulmão. Os fatores de risco determinantes para aparecimento de metástases pulmonares e múltiplos tumores primários pulmonares foram a diferenciação histológica e as margens cirúrgicas / Objective: To identify the risk factors to postoperative pulmonary complications in laryngeal cancer patients submitted to surgical treatment, the risk factors to development of lung metastasis and second lung primary tumor. Patients and Methods: Retrospective study of a cohort of 291 patients admitted at Hospital do Câncer A.C.Camargo from January, 1985 to December 1996. All patients were submitted to some kind of laryngectomy with curative intent as part of treatment of a proven laryngeal cancer, followed or not by radiotherapy. The following variables were analized: demographic, comorbidities, primary site, clinical stage, primary and neck surgical treatment, histopathologic differentiation grade, surgical margins, recurrences, postoperative pulmonary complications, lung metastasis and second lung primary tumor. The univariate and multivariate analysis were utilized to built the model to predict the risks factors and the factors of prognostic significance. Results: The overall pulmonary complications incidence were 31,3%, epiglottis were identified as significant single risk factor to pulmonary complications (p=0.004; RR 2,1). Lung metastasis had 7,2% incidence to this, the risk factors were N stage (p=0.032 ), histopathologic differentiation grade (p=0.004), surgical margins (p=0.017) and locoregional recurrence (p=0.002). The second lung primary tumor incidence were 3,1%, univariate analysis showed N stage (p=0,048) and arithenoid site (p=0,001) as significant risk factors. The multivariate analysis showed the histopathologic differentiation: moderate grade (p=0.007 RR 2,9) and poor grade (p=0.032 RR 4,0) and surgical margins: close (p=0.003 RR 6,4) as prognostic factors to deveopment of lung metastasis and second lung primary tumor. Conclusions: This study showed the clinical stage importance as risk factor to development of postoperative pulmonary complication, lung metastasis and second lung primary tumor in laryngectomy cancer patients. The prognostic factors associated with lung metastasis and second lung primary tumor were the histopathologic differentiation and the surgical margins

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