Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The discourse of fundamental human rights present in the sentences of the Superior Labor Court (SLC) in the period 1988 to 2008, is the object of study discussed as a problem the reference to the Marxist critique of legal ideology. The overall objective is to formulate a critique of the discourse of fundamental human rights contained in the proceedings of the SLC and propose elements for understanding the content of fundamental human rights ontological perspective. It is research of quantitative and qualitative approach developed from the research of documents in the database of sentences of the TST. The exploratory and quantitative sentences was conducted with the program Statistica 6.0. And then we proceeded to the qualitative analysis with the method of criticism from the juridical application of two categories: Assumptions of market circulation, and conditions for exchange and use of the workforce. The study showed that the SLC appears to be twice as an instrument of capital in maintaining its continuous circuit. On the one hand, because the rights are an expression of the assumptions and conditions of the circuit and business transactions, on the other, because the capital was favored in most cases that was manifested in the ideology of fundamental rights. It is noteworthy also that access to justice is not franchised to all workers, due to the high cost of technical and bureaucratic processes, expressing thus the overdetermination of the sphere of production in relation to the law, which characterizes the ontonegativity of legality. / O discurso dos direitos humanos fundamentais presente nos acórdãos do Tribunal Superior do Trabalho (TST), no período de 1988 a 2008, é o objeto de estudo problematizado com o referencial marxista da crítica da ideologia jurídica. O objetivo geral é formular uma crítica ao discurso dos direitos humanos fundamentais contido nos processos judiciais do TST, bem como propor elementos para a compreensão do conteúdo dos direitos humanos fundamentais numa perspectiva ontológica. Trata-se de pesquisa de abordagem quanti-qualitativa desenvolvida com pesquisa documental na base de dados dos acórdãos do TST. O estudo exploratório e quantitativo dos acórdãos foi conduzido com o programa Statistica 6.0. Em seguida, procedeu-se à análise qualitativa com o método da crítica jurídica a partir da aplicação de duas categorias: pressupostos da circulação mercantil, e condições necessárias ao intercâmbio e uso da força de trabalho. O estudo evidenciou que o TST revela-se duplamente como instrumento do capital na manutenção de seu circuito contínuo. De um lado, porque os direitos são expressão dos pressupostos e das condições do circuito de transações mercantis; e de outro, porque o capital foi favorecido na maioria dos processos em que fora manifestada a ideologia dos direitos fundamentais. Destaca-se, ainda, que o acesso ao judiciário não é franqueado à totalidade dos trabalhadores, em decorrência do alto custo dos processos técnico-burocráticos, expressando, assim, a sobredeterminação da esfera da produção em relação ao direito, o que caracteriza a ontonegatividade da juridicidade. / Mestre em Direito Público

Diese Forschung dokumentiert einen nachhaltigen Bruch im 30-jährigen Rückgang des Anteils der Arbeitseinkommen nach der globalen Finanzkrise, der in den meisten Ländern konsistent und robust gegenüber verschiedenen Methoden ist. Seit 2008 haben sich die Arbeitseinkommensanteile in fortgeschrittenen Volkswirtschaften stabilisiert und in Entwicklungsländern erhöht, angetrieben durch ein stärkeres Wachstum des Kapital-Output-Verhältnisses in Entwicklungsländern, wie es durch eine neuartige Anwendung des Solow-Wachstumsmodells erklärt wird. Zweitens zeigt diese Dissertation mithilfe eines Ramsey-Modells, dass Handels- und Kreditbeschränkungen ein langfristiges Gleichgewicht schaffen, in dem der Süden und der Norden zu unterschiedlichen Pro-Kopf-Einkommen mit unterschiedlichen Raten konvergieren, während ihre Leistungsbilanzen unausgeglichen bleiben. Handel steigert langfristig das Pro-Kopf-Kapital im Vergleich zur Autarkie, wobei der Norden stärker profitiert. Das weltweite Durchschnittseinkommen ist jedoch am höchsten, wenn die Kreditbeschränkungen aufgehoben werden. Drittens überprüft diese Arbeit die Evidenz für konditionale Konvergenz im Zeitraum 1960–2017 über 130 Länder hinweg und zeigt, dass Entwicklungsländer schneller konvergieresn als fortgeschrittene Volkswirtschaften – ein statistisch signifikanter und robuster Befund. Zudem untersucht sie drei Aspekte der unbedingten Konvergenz: die Relevanz von Länder-Fixeffekten, die Häufigkeit unbedingter Konvergenz und den Zusammenhang zwischen Aufholprozessen und negativen Steigungskoeffizienten in Wachstumsregressionen. Die ersten beiden Aspekte stützen die Hypothese der konditionalen Konvergenz. / This research documents a sustained post-crisis break in the 30-year decline of the labor share, consistent across most countries and robust to various methods. Since 2008, labor shares have stabilized in advanced economies and risen in developing ones, driven by stronger capital–output growth in developing economies, as explained by a novel application of the Solow growth model. Second, using a Ramsey model, this dissertation shows that trade and borrowing constraints create a long-run equilibrium where South and North converge to different per capita incomes at different rates, with unbalanced current accounts. Trade raises long-run per capita capital compared to autarky, benefiting the North more. World average income is highest, however, when the borrowing constraint is eliminated. Third, this work reassesses the evidence on conditional convergence from 1960–2017 across 130 countries, showing faster convergence rates for developing countries than advanced ones—a statistically significant and robust result. It also examines three aspects of unconditional convergence: the relevance of country fixed effects, the commonality of unconditional convergence, and the link between catch-up and negative slope coefficients in growth regressions. The first two aspects support the conditional convergence.