No description available.

Alger, Tlemcen et Constantine possédaient, vers la fin de la période ottomane, de nombreux sūq-s et funduq-s. Très peu d’études ont été consacrées à ces structures économiques qui ont pour la plupart disparu après la prise d’Alger, au début du XIXe siècle. En se basant principalement sur des sources d’archives aussi bien de la période ottomane que du début de l’époque coloniale française, cette étude propose l’établissement d’un inventaire des établissements commerciaux de ces trois villes. Leur localisation topographique, les spécificités de leur implantation urbaine, les aspects toponymiques et socio-économiques sont également abordés dans le cadre de cette recherche. La confrontation de ces données avec les réalités du terrain a confirmé la disparition des funduq-s d’Alger, mais a révélé l’existence de quelques rares exemples existant encore à Constantine et à Tlemcen. Par ailleurs, des sources inédites datant du début du XIXe siècle et émanant des archives militaires françaises ont permis la reconstitution architecturale de cinq funduq-s algérois et de deux funduq-s constantinois. / Algiers, Tlemcen and Constantine had, towards the end of the Ottoman period, many sūq-s and funduq-s. Very few studies have been dedicated to these economic structures that have mostly disappeared after the capture of Algiers, in the early nineteenth century. Based primarily on archival sources from the Ottoman period as well as the beginning of the French colonial era, this study proposes the establishment of an inventory of commercial establishments in the three cities. Their topographic location, the specifics of their urban settlement, geographical names and socioeconomic aspects are also covered under this research. The comparison of these data with the realities on the ground confirmed the disappearance of funduq-s of Algiers, but revealed the existence of a few surviving examples in Constantine and Tlemcen. In addition, unpublished sources from the early nineteenth century and from the French military archives have enabled the architectural reconstruction of five funduq-s in Algiers and two funduq-s in Constantine.

The subject of this thesis is the restoration project of Zazadin Han, which is a 13th century Seljukid caravanserai near Konya. Following a brief description of the building, the values of the building and the aim of study are discussed in the introduction chapter. It is followed by the methodology of the study, detailed description of the building, analysis about the structural, material and construction features of the Han, historical study about the building type and the building itself, respectively. The restitution chapter is based on the information gathered in the previous parts. In the last chapter, a restoration project is proposed for Zazadin han.

This study comprises analysis of geological, geomorphological constraints that played role in the site selection of caravanserais. In order to do this, 15 caravanserais located along a route from NevSehir-Aksaray-Konya to BeySehir were used. The data used in the study include a caravanserai database, lithological maps, and digital elevation model of the area. GIS analyses performed in the study are proximity, visibility, and probability distribution (PDA). The first step is the generation of the ancient trade route which is used as a reference in other analysis. Results of the analysis indicate that the average distance between consequent caravanserais is 10 km. PDA suggests that there should be two more caravanserais between BeySehir - Yunuslar and one caravanserai between Obruk - Sulatnahani hans. Caravanserais are very close to a water source but not at their immediate vicinity. Groundwater is not considered in this study / dominant water sources are streams, springs and lakes. Their visibility tested in an area of 78 km2 shows a great variation suggesting that visibility is not considered during the site selection. Ignimbrite, limestone and marble are preferred rocks types although other rocks such as clastic rocks are exposed in closer distances.

Entre le XIIe et XVIe siècle, sous les dynasties ayyoubide puis mamelouke, les routes du Bilād al-Šām étaient jalonnées de gîtes d’étapes pouvant fournir un abri aux voyageurs de toute sorte. Cette thèse se propose d’approfondir la connaissance de ces édifices en suivant deux axes de recherche principaux. Le premier objectif consiste dans l’étude de tous les aspects relatifs aux caravansérails en tant qu’édifices : leurs fonctions,leurs équipements et, surtout, leur architecture et les techniques constructives qui les caractérisent. Il s’agit ensuite de proposer une reconstitution du réseau routier syrien qui prenne en compte également la distribution de ces édifices le long des routes. En partant de l’établissement d’un nouvel inventaire des gîtes d’étapes et d’une tentative de redéfinition de la notion de caravansérail routier, la recherche se développe progressivement à travers un double angle d’approche historique et archéologique. Ce dernier aspect se traduit par la mise en place d’une chronotypologie des techniques constructives et par l’étude stratigraphique approfondie d’un des caravansérails routiers encore conservés, afin d’identifier ses différentes phases d’évolution. Le travail de recherche est enfin complété par un catalogue présentant en détail les différents sites identifiés. / Between the XII and XVI century, under the Ayyubid and Mamluk dynasties, the roads of Bilād al-Šām weredotted by wayside caravanserais that provided shelter to all kind of travellers. The purpose of this thesis is toimprove these edifices’ knowledge focusing on two main axis of research. The first aim of the work is toinvestigate all the aspects dealing with the caravanserai as a building, from its function and facilities to itsarchitecture and building techniques. Secondly, the objective is to propose a reconstruction of the Syrian roadnetwork which could also be supported by the spatial distribution of road caravanserais. Starting from thecreation of a new list of sites, also based on the development of a new definition of wayside caravanserai, theresearch work develops following a double point of view, both historical and archaeological. This latter aspectmaterialises through the establishment of a chronotypology of the building techniques, and through the detailedstratigraphic analysis of one of the preserved sites, in order to identify its different evolution phases. The studyis finally completed by a catalogue which presents in detail all the different road caravanserais we couldidentify.

Life, individual and collective, exists in reference to what came before; my research into the life histories of places explores the cultural threads which tie us to places and which allow us to make personal and collective connections between the past and the present. Understanding these life histories helps us understand the value and power historic places have in the world today. This thesis focuses on Mughal caravanserais from northwestern Pakistan, examining how they were initially intended to be used during the Mughal rule of South Asia and how they were reused in the periods that followed (Sikh, Afghani, British, and Pakistani). Caravanserais are walled arcaded buildings where travelers could stop briefly. After the Mughal Empire declined, caravanserais were reused by local people and/or taken over by subsequent governing bodies. Surviving structures are still used today, although their original appearance and functions have been altered to serve new purposes. My research is part of the Caravanserai Networks Project, directed by Dr. Heather Miller, University of Toronto. I develop my survey method through comparative study of two caravanserais, Gor Khuttree and Pakka Khanpur. Using information from architectural survey, historic documents, and photographs, I create three-dimensional architectural models of Gor Khuttree���s occupations. I use access and planning analysis to characterize the use and alteration of the sites��� architecture. Conceptually, I develop a tripartite formation of place: formed, in practice, and in memory. As a multifaceted place, I consider Gor Khuttree���s life history; the occupations, identities, and memories associated with the site through time. The City of Peshawar, central to this research, was at the time of writing in Pakistan���s North West Frontier Province. This province was renamed Khyber Pakhtunkhwa on April 15th, 2010. This research continues to refer to the province by its former name. This ensures continuity with published documents and the organizational names used by colleagues in Pakistan at the time of research.

Life, individual and collective, exists in reference to what came before; my research into the life histories of places explores the cultural threads which tie us to places and which allow us to make personal and collective connections between the past and the present. Understanding these life histories helps us understand the value and power historic places have in the world today. This thesis focuses on Mughal caravanserais from northwestern Pakistan, examining how they were initially intended to be used during the Mughal rule of South Asia and how they were reused in the periods that followed (Sikh, Afghani, British, and Pakistani). Caravanserais are walled arcaded buildings where travelers could stop briefly. After the Mughal Empire declined, caravanserais were reused by local people and/or taken over by subsequent governing bodies. Surviving structures are still used today, although their original appearance and functions have been altered to serve new purposes. My research is part of the Caravanserai Networks Project, directed by Dr. Heather Miller, University of Toronto. I develop my survey method through comparative study of two caravanserais, Gor Khuttree and Pakka Khanpur. Using information from architectural survey, historic documents, and photographs, I create three-dimensional architectural models of Gor Khuttree’s occupations. I use access and planning analysis to characterize the use and alteration of the sites’ architecture. Conceptually, I develop a tripartite formation of place: formed, in practice, and in memory. As a multifaceted place, I consider Gor Khuttree’s life history; the occupations, identities, and memories associated with the site through time. The City of Peshawar, central to this research, was at the time of writing in Pakistan’s North West Frontier Province. This province was renamed Khyber Pakhtunkhwa on April 15th, 2010. This research continues to refer to the province by its former name. This ensures continuity with published documents and the organizational names used by colleagues in Pakistan at the time of research.