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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
71

Enhancing Cardiomyocyte Survival in Drug Induced Cardiac Injury

Maharsy, Wael 11 October 2012 (has links)
Cardiotoxicity associated with many cancer drugs is a critical issue facing physicians these days and a huge hurdle that must be overcome for a side effects-free cancer therapy. Survival of cardiac myocytes is compromised upon the exposure to certain chemotherapeutic drugs. Unfortunately, the mechanisms implicated in cardiac toxicity and the pathways governing myocyte survival are poorly understood. The following thesis addresses the mechanisms underlying the cardiotoxicity of two anticancer drugs, doxorubicin (DOX) and Imatinib mesylate (Gleevec). Transcription factor GATA-4, has recently emerged as an indispensable factor in the adult heart adaptive response and cardiomyocyte survival. Therefore, the specific aim of this project was to determine the role of GATA-4, its upstream regulators, as well as partners in survival. A combination of cell and molecular techniques done on in vivo, and ex vivo models were utilized to tackle these issues. In this study, we confirmed the cardiotoxicity of the anticancer drug, Imatinib mesylate and found to be age dependent. GATA-4, already known to be implicated in DOX-induced toxicity, was confirmed as an Imatinib target. At the molecular level, we identified IGF-1 and AKT as upstream regulators of GATA-4. Moreover, we confirmed ZFP260 (PEX-1), a key regulator of the cardiac hypertrophic response, as a GATA-4 collaborator in common prosurvival pathways. Collectively, these results provide new insights on the mechanisms underlying drug-induced cardiotoxicity and raise the exciting possibility that cancer drugs are negatively affecting the same prosurvival pathway(s), in which GATA-4 is a critical component. Therapeutic interventions aimed at enhancing GATA-4 activity may be interesting to consider in the context of treatments with anticancer drugs.
72

The Impact of Biological Sex on Crossbridge Cycling Kinetics in Mice Expressing the R403Q Mutation

Birch, Camille L. January 2015 (has links)
Congestive heart failure represents one of the leading causes of death in industrialized countries. A subset of heart failure situations are linked to genetic mutations, many of which reside in sarcomeric proteins. With the prevalence of mutations as approximately 1:500, the location of a mutation plays a direct role in the severity and lethality of the resulting disease state. The point mutation Arg403Glu (R403Q) located on the myosin heavy chain molecule is no exception with a resulting development of left ventricular hypertrophy, myocyte disarray, and increased cellular fibrosis. Given the severity of this mutation in humans, a mouse model was developed to recapitulate these phenotypic characteristics. An additional confounding factor often overlooked when studying the effects of cardiac disease is the role of biological sex. We, therefore, tested the hypothesis that R403Q mice will display altered crossbridge kinetics, specifically an increase in functioning at the expense of energy efficiency, and that biological sex will impact the cardiac response to the R403Q mutation in terms of both crossbridge functioning and post-translational modifications. To do this, we used both male and female R403Q transgenic mice and quantified myofilament mechanical properties including Ca²⁺ sensitivity, crossbridge cycling kinetics, and tension cost of contraction. In addition, phosphorylation patterning was quantified for one of the central, sarcomeric regulatory proteins, cardiac troponin I. We used 2 month animals which do not display overt pathology in the form of hypertrophy in order to minimize downstream, confounding effects. We were able to find that disease and biological sex played an important role in defining these parameters and suggests females are able to better compensate to the presence of altered sarcomeric interactions. Future investigations should focus on altered kinase activity, possibly driven by interactions with estrogen, in order to better define how females can retain cardiac functioning given a disease condition.
73

The role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in the characterisation and risk stratification of dilated cardiomyopathy

Gulati, Ankur January 2013 (has links)
No description available.
74

Charakterisierung der Kardiomyopathien bei 106 Katzen mit diagnostizierter Myokarderkrankung

Baldauf, Katrin 17 April 2014 (has links) (PDF)
Kardiomyopathien (KMP) sind bei Katzen die häufigste kardiovaskuläre Erkrankung und ein wichtiger Grund für Morbidität und Mortalität (FOX et al. 1995). Die morphologische und strukturelle Veränderung des Myokards entsteht definitionsgemäß in Abwesenheit von Klappenerkrankungen, kongenitalen Defekten oder koronaren Gefäßerkrankungen. Unterschieden werden können primäre und sekundäre Kardiomyopathien. Primäre Kardiomyopathien (1°KMP) sind genetisch oder idiopathisch bedingt. Anhand des Phänotyps können hypertrophe (HKMP), restriktive (RKMP), unklassifizierte (UKMP), dilatative (DKMP) und arrhythmogene rechtsventrikuläre (ARVC) Kardiomyopathie unterschieden werden. Sekundäre Kardiomyopathien (2°KMP) werden durch eine systemische Erkrankung ausgelöst. Als Ursachen werden insbesondere Hyperthyreose, systemische Hypertension, Myokarditis, Taurinmangel, Kortikosteroidapplikation, chronische Niereninsuffizienz (CNI), anhaltende Tachyarrhythmie, Diabetes mellitus, Anämie, Neoplasie, Anthrazykline, Hypersomatotropismus, Sepsis und Myopathie beschrieben. In der Literatur machen die sekundären Kardiomyopathien bisher noch einen relativ geringen Anteil der Kardiomyopathien aus. Die für diese Untersuchung ausgewerteten Daten von Katzen mit Myokarderkrankungen wurden innerhalb von 29 Monaten erhoben. Einschlusskriterien waren das Vorliegen des Signalements, der Anamnese, des Blutdrucks und einer standardisierten echokardiografischen Untersuchung. Außerdem musste zur Erfassung der häufigsten auslösenden Erkrankungen bei Patienten über neun Jahren das Gesamtthyroxin erfasst worden sein, bei Polyurie und Polydipsie die Parameter Harnstoff, Kreatinin und Glukose und bei blassen Schleimhäuten der Hämatokrit. Von den 106 Katzen, die den Einschlusskriterien entsprachen, machte die 2°KMP mit 50 Katzen (47%) den größten Anteil aus. Zweithäufigste Kardiomyopathie war die HKMP mit 39 Fällen (37%), gefolgt von UKMP (9 Katzen, 8%), RKMP (6 Katzen, 6%) und DKMP (2 Katzen, 2%). Das Signalement der Katzen mit 82 EKH (77%) eine signifikante Häufung dieser Rasse, die aber der Verteilung der Rassen im Patientengut entspricht (p<0,001). Im Mittel waren die Katzen 9 Jahre alt (1-17 Jahre). Die Katzen mit HKMP waren signifikant jünger als die Katzen der anderen Gruppen (p<0,001). Die Katzen über 12 Jahre zeigten signifikant häufiger eine 2°KMP als eine 1°KMP (p=0,001). Mit 74% (n=78) waren Kater signifikant häufiger betroffen als Kätzinnen (p=0,001). Die 28 Kätzinnen waren mit 64% (n=18) häufiger an einer 2°KMP erkrankt als an einer primären Kardiomyopathie (p=0,03). Beim Gewicht (mittleres Gewicht 4,7 kg, Median 4,2 kg; 2-9 kg) zeigten sich keine relevanten Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen. Das häufigste Symptom war bei 37% der Katzen (n=38) Dyspnoe. Weitere respiratorische Probleme waren Husten (n=5, 5%) und Maulatmung (n=3, 3%). Bei sechs Tieren (6%) lag eine arterielle Thrombembolie mit Paraplegie vor. Aszites und subkutane Ödeme waren bei je zwei Tieren (2%) auffällig. 11% der Katzen (n=12) hatten einen anderen Vorstellungsgrund: bei sieben Katzen lag eine Harnabsatzstörung (feline lower urinary tract disease) und bei fünf ein Trauma vor. Bei der kardialen Auskultation waren 53 (50%) Katzen mit einem systolischen Herzgeräusch vom Lautstärkegrad 1-4/6 auffällig. Signifikant häufiger als in den anderen Gruppen war bei den Katzen mit HKMP ein Herzgeräusch zu verzeichnen (p <0,001). Bei 48 (45%) Katzen lag ein Galopprhythmus vor, bei 11 der Tiere (10%) in Kombination mit einem Herzgeräusch. Die Katzen mit Galopprhythmus waren signifikant häufiger dekompensiert als die mit Herzgeräusch oder ohne abnormen Auskultationsbefund (p=0,001). Die kardiogene Dyspnoe als häufigster Vorstellungsgrund (n=38) wurde in 45% (n=17) der Fälle durch ein Lungenödem, in 26% (n=10) durch einen Pleuraerguss und in 29% (n=11) durch die Kombination beider bedingt. Katzen mit RKMP hatten signifikant häufiger einen Pleuraerguss als Katzen der anderen Gruppen (p=0,001). Von den Katzen mit UKMP lag hingegen häufiger ein Lungenödem vor (p=0,016). Aszites trat bei keiner Katze mit HKMP und RKMP auf. Alle Katzen mit RKMP und DKMP gehörten der ISACHC-Klasse 3 (International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council) an (p<0,001). Sieben der neun Katzen mit UKMP (78%) entsprachen ebenfalls dieser Klasse. Die Katzen mit RKMP zeigten die am stärksten ausgeprägte linksatriale Dilatation (LADs 27,4 mm; 23,8-30,5 mm), die mit 2°KMP die am wenigsten ausgeprägte (19,2 mm; 13,4-28,2 mm). Innerhalb der 2°KMP (n=50) lag bei 19 Katzen eine Hyperthyreose, bei 16 CNI und bei 15 Tieren systemische Hypertension vor. Weitere Ursachen waren Glukokortikoidgabe (n=4), Anämie (n=2), Diabetes mellitus (n=2) und schwere Lungenerkrankung oder Pyothorax (n=4). Eine Kombination dieser Erkrankungen bestand bei 24% (n=12) der Katzen. Unter Vernachlässigung potentiell auslösender Erkrankungen ergab eine Klassifizierung der 50 Katzen mit 2°KMP anhand des Phänotyps bei 68% (n=34) eine HKMP. Eine UKMP machte 18% (n=9) und eine RKMP 14% (n=7) aus. Hyperthyreose auch in Kombination mit anderen Erkrankungen war in 84% (16/19) ebenso wie systemische Hypertension in 80% (12/15) mit linksventrikulärer Hypertrophie assoziiert. Mit 47% übersteigt die Häufigkeit der 2°KMP deutlich die Angaben in der Literatur. Zusätzliche Fälle können als 1°KMP fehlinterpretiert worden sein, während eine erworbene Begleiterkrankung neben einer 1°KMP fälschlicherweise als 2°KMP gewertet sein kann. In jedem Fall betonen die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchung aber die Wichtigkeit weiterführender diagnostischer Schritte, um Erkrankungen mit Auswirkungen auf das Myokard zu identifizieren. Inwieweit eine kausale Therapie die Rückbildung myokardialer Veränderungen erlaubt, müssen weitere Untersuchungen klären.
75

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in northern Sweden : with special emphasis on molecular genetics /

Mörner, Stellan, January 2004 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Univ., 2004. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.
76

Importance of cardiac reserve for evaluation and prediction of cardiac function and morbidity assessed by low-dose dobutamine stress echocardiography /

Scharin Täng, Margareta, January 2007 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Göteborg : Göteborgs universitet, 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
77

Investigating the Physical Activity Behaviour and Exercise Capacity of Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Patients

Moncion, Kevin 25 September 2018 (has links)
Background: Physically active lifestyles are important for health and quality of life across all stages of development. Exercise interventions have recently been incorporated as an effective strategy for adult cardiomyopathy patients, but have yet to be examined in children with cardiomyopathy. The overall goal of this pilot study was to provide preliminary data on whether there is a need to develop exercise interventions among children with cardiomyopathy. This study sought to characterize the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) level, submaximal exercise capacity and physical activity barriers among children with cardiomyopathy. Methods: This study employed a mixed-methods approach. Children were eligible if they were between the ages of 5 to 17 years, had a medical diagnosis of cardiomyopathy (i.e. hypertrophic, dilated, or cancer induced), atrial septal defect, or had been identified as carrying a genetic risk for cardiomyopathy. Participants were excluded if they had physical activity contraindications, had a non-cardiac medical condition or disability known to influence physical activity, or if they underwent cardiac surgery within the preceding 6 months. MVPA was assessed using 7-day omnidirectional accelerometry. Submaximal exercise capacity was determined by intermittent treadmill protocol targeting 40% to 80% of predicted maximum heart rate. Physical activity barriers were identified through semi-structured interviews, which were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim for thematic analysis using Braun & Clark’s approach. Results: Pediatric cardiomyopathy patients (n=5) were compared to children who are genotypepositive but phenotype-negative for cardiomyopathy (n=5), children with simple congenital heart defects (CHD, n=8) and published data for Canadian children (n=1,300). Daily MVPA (48.2 ± 19.0 minutes) was variable but did not differ significantly between groups (η2=0.025, p=0.82) or from published data on Canadian children (t(17) = -1.52 p=0.15). Submaximal exercise testing revealed that children with cardiomyopathy may be able to participate in activities at moderate intensities (i.e. 4.5 ± 3.1 METs) at 150 beats per minute (bpm). Children with cardiomyopathy reported primarily disease-centred barriers to participation, including physical activity restriction and physical influences from the disease which were not reported by children who carry a genetic risk for cardiomyopathy. Conclusion: These novel data within this population group suggest that pediatric cardiomyopathy patients may have sufficient submaximal exercise capacity to participate in moderate physical activity, despite reporting disease centered barriers to physical activity. A diagnosis of cardiomyopathy may not preclude these children from achieving and healthy, active lifestyle, but their current level of participation is less than recommended for optimal health and cardiac function.
78

Mutation-Specific Calcium Dysregulation in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Lehman, Sarah, Lehman, Sarah January 2018 (has links)
As the genetic causes of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) have become widely recognized, considerable lag in the development of targeted therapeutics has limited interventions to symptom palliation. This is in part due to an oft-noted finding that similar point mutations within myofilament proteins are known to cause differential disease severity, highlighting the need to understand disease progression at the molecular level. One commonly described pathway in HCM progression is calcium homeostasis dysregulation, albeit little is understood about disruption of the pathway. This dissertation investigated the calcium homeostasis of two clinically relevant murine models of HCM expressing similar point mutations within myofilament proteins. A mutation-specific alteration in the calcium dissociation rate from the cardiac myofilament is proposed to as a primary mechanism of down-stream calcium disruption. Two modes of intervention in down-stream calcium homeostasis were tested to as a means of improving directed therapies in HCM progression. The clinically-utilized diltiazem hydrochloride, an L-type calcium channel blocker, revealed mutation-specific symptom palliation but an inability to target within the disease mechanism itself. Due to this insufficient response to diltiazem, we investigated the role of the calcium-dependent kinase, CaMKII, and its persistent (autonomous) activation resulting from calcium dysregulation. Partial inhibition of the autonomous activation of the kinase was shown to improve functional and morphological indices of failure in calcium-dependent HCM progression. Thus, we conclude a myofilament-linked derangement in calcium homeostasis that potentiates aberrant activation of CaMKII. Moreover, we position the kinase as a nodal point in disease progression and a potential therapeutic target for early, robust management of HCM in the clinical population.
79

Etude des caractères génétiques des Entérovirus persistants dans les tissus cardiaques de sujets atteints de cardiomyopathie dilatée idiopathique / Investigation of persistent Enterovirus genotypic characteristics in human cardiac tissue with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy

Bouin, Alexis 11 December 2015 (has links)
Les Entérovirus, et notamment les coxsackievirus B (CV-B), sont une cause commune de myocardite. Cette maladie peut évoluer vers une myocardite chronique jusqu’au stade de cardiomyopathie dilatée (CMD). Le mécanisme moléculaire permettant le passage de l’infection aigue à l’infection persistante dans le tissu cardiaque humain reste méconnu. Pour étudier les activités de réplication des CV-B persistant, un réplicon a été généré à partir d’une souche cardiotrope. Il a permis de caractériser les activités de réplication de CV-B persistant dans des cellules cardiaques humaines. Une analyse par séquençage à moyen débit a permis de mettre en évidence la sélection de variants tronqués dans le cœur pouvant expliquer la progression de la myocardite virale vers la CMD. De plus, l’existence de populations majoritaires tronquées de 19 à 50 nucléotides associées à des formes virales minoritaires complètes a été mise en évidence chez 8 patients atteints de CMD. La proportion de populations tronquées s’est révélée négativement corrélée au ratio ARN+/ARN- et à la charge virale (R2=0,748; P=0,016; R2= 0,36, P=0,038, respectivement). Des études immuno-histologiques et par hybridation in situ des tissus cardiaques ont montrées que le clivage de la dystrophine était uniquement retrouvé dans les cardiomyocytes infectés par les CV-B. La transfection d’ARN de synthèse complets et tronqués dans des cultures de cardiomyocytes humains primaires a mis en évidence une trans-complémentation entre les 2 formes virales induisant de faibles activités de réplication. Nos résultats démontre l’existence d’un nouveau mécanisme moléculaire de coopération entre des populations persistantes d’entérovirus B tronquées et complètes qui contribue à la physiopathologie de la CMD. / Enteroviruses, especially group B coxsackieviruses (CV-B) are considered to be a common cause of acute human myocarditis, a disease that is a precursor of chronic myocarditis cases as well as dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The molecular mechanisms related to the switch from the acute to the CV-B chronic persistent infection in human cardiac tissues are still unknown. To study the replication activities of CV-B a replicon from a cardiotropic prototype strain was generated and was used to study persistent CV-B replication activities into human cardiac cells. Using NGS analyses, our results evidenced that the molecular selection of TD viral forms in heart could explain pathophysiological progression from acute viral myocarditis to DCM. Moreover, we demonstrated in 8 end-stage DCM patients the existence of CV-B major populations characterized by 5’NTR deletions ranging from 19 to 50 nucleotides that were associated with minor full-length viral forms. The amounts of persistent deleted populations appeared to be negatively correlated to RNA(+)/RNA(-) minus ratio and viral load values (R2=0.748; P=0.016; R2= 0.36, P=0.038, respectively). In situ hybridization and immunohistological assays in cardiac tissues demonstrated that the dystrophin disruption was only present in EV-B infected cardiomyocytes. Transfection of deleted and full-length RNA-populations in cultured primary human cardiomyocytes evidenced a trans-acting genomic complementation system between the two viral forms resulting in low viral replication activities. Our findings suggest a new molecular mechanism through which persistent low replicative EV-B deleted and full-length collaborative populations contribute to the pathogenesis of idiopathic DCM cases.
80

Etude fonctionnelle des variants moléculaires du gène BAG3 associés à la cardiomyopathie dilatée humaine / Study of the functional consequences of BAG3 molecular variants associated with human dilated cardiomyopathy

Korniat, Agathe 28 September 2015 (has links)
Le gène BAG3 a été identifié comme étant un nouveau gène responsable de cardiomyopathie dilatée (CMD), première cause d'insuffisance cardiaque (IC). La protéine BAG3 est une co-chaperonne qui participe au contrôle de l'homéostasie protéique via son rôle dans l'autophagie, protégeant ainsi les cellules contre la protéotoxicité induite par les protéines dégradées ou mal repliées. L'hypothèse qu'une inactivation de la voie autophagique contrôlée par BAG3 induirait une protéotoxicité cardiomyocytaire à l'origine de la CMD apparait particulièrement attractive et constitue l'hypothèse centrale de ce travail. Nos résultats indiquent que les mutations de BAG3 abolissent l'interaction avec la chaperonne HSP70, une protéine centrale du contrôle qualité des protéines. Nous avons observé une cytotoxicité des mutants BAG3, une altération de la fonction chaperonne HSP70-dépendante et une absence de réponse autophagique en condition de stress (jeun, choc thermique, expression d'une protéine pro-agrégante). In vivo (modèle poisson-zèbre) l'extinction de l'expression de BAG3 ou la surexpression des mutants conduisent à l'apparition d'un phénotype d'insuffisance cardiaque (¿dème péricardique) chez les embryons injectés. Par édition génomique, nous développons également un modèle de cardiomyocytes dérivés de cellules iPS porteurs ou non de la mutation afin d'explorer plus en avant la fonction contractile de ces cellules. Nos résultats confirment donc le rôle de BAG3 dans la CMD et indiquent que l'altération de la fonction protéostasique serait à l'origine de la maladie. Cette nouvelle voie physiopathologique dans la CMD pourrait s'avérer être, plus généralement, une voie centrale dans l'IC. / The BAG3 gene was identified as a novel gene responsible for dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), a major cause of heart failure (HF). The BAG3 protein is a co-chaperone that participates in the control of protein homeostasis via its role in autophagy, protecting cells against the proteotoxicity induced by degraded or misfolded proteins. The hypothesis that inactivation of the autophagic pathway controlled by BAG3 would induce cardiomyocyte proteotoxicity behind the CMD appears particularly attractive and is the central hypothesis of this work. Our results indicate that BAG3 mutations abolish the interaction with the chaperone HSP70, a central actor of the protein quality control. We observed cytotoxicity of BAG3 mutants, an impaired HSP70-dependent chaperone function and absence of autophagic response under stress conditions (starvation, heat shock, expression of a pro-aggregating protein). In vivo (zebrafish model) the extinction of BAG3 expression or mutants overexpression lead to the occurrence of a heart failure phenotype (pericardial edema) in injected embryos. Through genomic edition, we also develop a model of iPS-derived cardiomyocytes carrying or not the mutation in order to further explore the contractile function of these cells. Our results confirm the role of BAG3 in DCM and indicate that the alteration of the proteostasis function is the cause of the disease. This new pathophysiological pathway in DCM may prove to be more generally, a central line in the IC.

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