Sjuksköterskor på allmän vårdavdelning tar regelbundet emot patienter som har varit inlagda på en intensivvårdsavdelning. För att sjuksköterskor ska kunna bedriva en trygg vård är det betydelsefullt att ha kunskap om patientens upplevelse av att vårdas på allmän vårdavdelning efter förflyttning från intensivvårdsavdelning. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur patientens upplevelse av trygghet påverkas på en allmän vårdavdelning efter förflyttning från en intensivvårdsavdelning. För att uppnå syftet genomfördes en allmän litteraturstudie med vetenskapliga artiklar. I resultatet framkom fyra teman: miljöns betydelse, trygghetens påverkan på tillfrisknandet, omvårdnadens betydelse och ett tillgodosett informationsbehov. Resultatet visade att patientens känsla av trygghet var subjektiv och påverkades i olika situationer. Sjuksköterskan har en värdefull roll i att tillgodose patientens behov av trygghet. Detta kan åstadkommas genom att skapa en lugn miljö, upprätthålla en god relation till patienten, ge en trygg omvårdnad och tillfredsställa patientens behov av information. Ytterligare forskning ur patientens perspektiv är väsentlig för att skapa en fördjupad förståelse kring patientens upplevelse av trygghet. / Nurses in the general ward regularly receive patients who have been admitted to an intensive care unit. In order to provide safe care, it is important for nurses to have knowledge of the patient’s experience of being cared for in the general ward after being transferred from an intensive care unit. The purpose of the study was to explore how the patient’s experience of feeling safe is influenced in general ward after being transferred from an intensive care unit. To achieve the aim, a general literature study was conducted with scientific articles. The result emerged in four themes: the importance of the environment, the impact of feeling safe on the recovery, the importance of nursing and a satisfied need of information. The findings showed that the patient’s feeling of safety was subjective and influenced by different situations. The nurse has a valuable role in meeting the patient’s need of feeling safe. This can be achieved by creating a calm environment, maintaining a good relationship with the patient, providing safe care and satisfying the patient’s need of information. Further studies from the patient’s perspective is essential to gain in-depth understanding of the patient’s experience of feeling safe.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:29:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leticia Kancelkis Porta.pdf: 972339 bytes, checksum: fedeb37919db4dcae6487754c6da3bae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-23 / Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas / This paper first presents a review of the literature, which includes considerations about the structure and dynamics of the bond, the issue of psychoanalysis in the Group and the Institution, some studies related to the main topic of this work and resilience. After that it approaches the purposes that led to the study of the structure and of the dynamics of mother-child bond in the context that involves the need of an ICU admission for the child, trying to analyze and to understand reports of the mother, and describes some emotional structures produced by the mother-child bond. It also evaluates the mother's emotional condition and proposes possible psychological interventions for this situation. To finalize the thesis we show the methodology used in the research including the topics: participants (mothers with children in need of care in the ICU), location (residences of the participants), instrument (unstructured interview), and procedure. Finally, we approach the analysis of the material, which was based on the model of qualitative research, seeking harmony with the work of Freud (1901) in the interpretation of dreams and Mathieu (1967) that suggests that the structure of the topics that constitute a narrative, as well as the constructions that the unconscious uses to seek satisfaction of the repressed desires, can validate a work of interpretation such as this one. / Este trabalho apresenta, primeiramente, uma revis?o da literatura, a qual abarca considera??es acerca da estrutura e din?mica do v?nculo, a quest?o da Psican?lise no Grupo e na Institui??o, alguns estudos correspondentes ao tema deste trabalho e resili?ncia. Em seguida, aborda os objetivos que corresponderam a estudar a estrutura e a din?mica do v?nculo m?e-filho em contexto que envolve a necessidade do atendimento de uma UTI ao segundo, procurando: analisar e compreender relatos da primeira; descrever algumas estruturas emocionais produzidas no v?nculo m?e-filho; avaliar a condi??o afetiva da m?e e propor poss?veis interven??es psicol?gicas em rela??o a tal condi??o. Finalizando a tese, est? a metodologia empregada na pesquisa propriamente dita, englobando os t?picos: participantes (m?es com filhos necessitados de atendimento de UTI); local (resid?ncia das participantes); instrumento (entrevista aberta); procedimento; finalmente, abordamos a an?lise do material, que teve como base o modelo qualitativo de pesquisa, procurando conson?ncia com o trabalho de Freud (1901) na interpreta??o dos sonhos e de Mathieu (1967), que preconiza que a estrutura dos temas que constituem uma narrativa, bem como as constru??es das quais o inconsciente se utiliza para buscar a satisfa??o de seus desejos reprimidos, pode trazer a valida??o de um trabalho de interpreta??o, como o que realizamos.

Este estudo foi motivado pelas inquietações surgidas durante a experiência profissional da pesquisadora, no trabalho com recém-nascidos prematuros e seus familiares. Trata-se de pesquisa do tipo descritivo, com obtenção e tratamento de dados qualitativos, que teve como objetivo identificar a vivência da mãe de recém-nascido prematuro, egresso de Unidade Neonatal, e sobre o cuidado do bebê, no domicílio. O projeto foi aprovado pela Comissão de Ensino e Pesquisa do Hospital Estadual de Sumaré, campo de estudo, e pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Foram entrevistadas 12 mães, no retorno ambulatorial do bebê prematuro, após aproximadamente 10 dias da alta da Unidade Neonatal. Os dados foram coletados, no período de julho a outubro de 2008, por meio de entrevistas e tratados pela técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC) proposto por Fernando Lefèvre. Dos relatos obtidos, emergiram oito DSCs assim distribuídos: 1-Vivenciando o cuidado do prematuro; 2-Reproduzindo o que aprendeu na unidade neonatal; 3-Tentando atender às necessidades do prematuro; 4-Falando de aleitamento; 5-Recebendo ajuda dos familiares; 6-Expressando sentimentos de satisfação; 7-Citando a Cartilha da Unidade Neonatal e 8-Expressando dificuldade para cuidar do prematuro. Os resultados revelam a importância da Unidade Canguru que possibilita à mãe receber orientações contínuas sobre o cuidado do bebê prematuro, em Unidade Neonatal, de modo a habilitá-la para atender com segurança às demandas do filho, no domicílio. Outro dado de relevância é que as mães consultam a Cartilha de orientação oferecida pelo serviço, apenas diante de alguma dúvida sobre o cuidado a ser oferecido ao bebê prematuro, dispensando sua completa leitura. Os relatos revelam que as estratégias para a capacitação materna para o cuidado do prematuro devem ser adotadas pelas unidades neonatais desde a admissão do recém-nascido, de modo a proporcionar maior segurança no desenvolvimento de habilidades no cuidado do filho e para favorecer a criação do vínculo entre ambos / This study is the result of anxieties brought about the authors professional experience working with premature newborns and their families. This is a descriptive research, with gathering and treatment of qualitative data, aimed at identifying the experience of premature newborns mothers released from Neonatal Units with regards to the babys care at home. The project had approved of the Teaching and Research Commission of the Sumaré State Hospital, field of study, and the State University of Campinas Committee of Ethics in Research. Twelve mothers were interviewed in the follow-up visits of premature babies approximately 10 days after release from the Neonatal Unit. Data were collected between July and October of 2008 through interviews and treated with the technique of the Discourse of the Collective Subject (DCS) proposed by Fernando Lefèvre. From the descriptions emerged 8 DCSs, grouped as follows: 1-Experiencing the care for the premature baby; 2-Reproducing what was learned in the Neonatal Unit; 3-Trying to fulfill the premature babys needs; 4 Speaking about breast feedind; 5-Being helped by family members; 6-Expressing feelings of satisfaction; 7-Quoting the Neonatal Units guide book; and 8-Expressing difficulty to care for the premature baby. The results reveal the importance of the Kangaroo Unit, which makes possible for mothers to receive continuous guidance regarding the care for premature babies in Neonatal Units so as to enable them to securely respond to their childs demands at home. Another relevant piece of information is that mothers check the guide book that the service gives them only if theres a doubt regarding the kind of care that should be given to the premature baby, rather than fully reading it. The narratives show that the strategies to build the capacity of mothers to care for premature babies should be adopted by neonatal units since the newborn is taken in, so as to provide more security in the development of abilities in the care for the child and to encourage the creation of ties between them

Palliative care (PC) is a specialty that improves the quality of care often for terminally ill patients and their family members by providing physical, psychosocial, and spiritual pain and symptom management. PC assists patients in decision making about their goals of care. These goals of care discussions help the treating physicians to better plan more appropriate treatment options specifically tailored for each patient based on their preferences. Due to the illness severity of the patients, approximately 20% of all hospital deaths occur in the intensive care unit (ICU). Recognition of and advocacy for integrating PC in the ICU have increased in the last decade following many studies which have shown the positive effects of PC for critically ill patients and their family members. This was a single-center retrospective study conducted at an academic hospital that examined the effects of a proactive PC intervention and the clinical outcomes on patients who died in the medical and neurological ICUs (MICU and NICU), since the majority of ICU deaths occurred in these two units. This study was a quality improvement project that examined only patients who died, in order to make a similar comparison between patients who ultimately had the same clinical outcome. This pre-intervention (phase 1) and post-intervention three phase analysis measured the effectiveness of a screening tool (phase 2), and a daily ICU huddle (phase 3) compared to the pre-intervention phase. The study analyzed the impact the interventions had on clinical measurable outcomes such as 1) day of PC consultation after ICU admission and after meeting criteria, 2) day of meeting criteria for PC based on a screening tool, 3) hospital and ICU lengths of stay, 4) direct cost per discharge, and 5) the average number of PC consultations per month. Electronic database review of all MICU and NICU patients who died from July 2010 to December 2011 and April 2013 to October 2014 were performed. Comparisons were made between patients who received a PC consultation and those who received usual care, from both pre-intervention and post-intervention phases. A total of 888 patients were included and analyzed in this study. The intervention reduced the average day of PC consultation after ICU admission from 9.55 in phase 1 to 4.95 in phase 2 and to 4.75 in phase 3 after the addition of the daily huddle. The average day of PC consultation after meeting criteria in the ICU was also reduced from 8.0 to 3.08 then to 2.18, respectively. The average number of PC consultations per month increased from 10.6 to 12.8 to 17.7 in the three respective phases. The cost per discharge was not significantly different from patients who received a PC consultation and for patients who received usual care. PC service did not reduce the length of stay for patients when compared to patients who received usual care. The sensitivity and specificity of the screening tool in phase 2 were 66.2% and 70.8%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the screening tool with daily huddle in phase 3 were 65.7% and 62.5%, respectively. Proactive screening for PC eligibility and discussion of that eligibility with the critical care team improves access to PC in the ICU. The screening tool and daily ICU huddle helped critical care physicians identify the group of patients most appropriate for PC consultation. The analysis suggests that the critical care physicians were able to accurately discriminate which end-of-life patients they could manage on their own. However, the low sensitivity and specificity of the screening tool suggests that there is still significant room for refinement in order for the screening tool to be more discriminatory and effective. Further research is needed to confirm these findings.

Introdução: A implementação de um protocolo de desmame promove a retirada mais rápida da ventilação mecânica, redução das complicações, redução de falha de extubação e diminuição de custos na unidade de terapia intensiva. Porém, sabe-se que uma nova conduta, comprovada pela literatura, pode levar anos a se tornar um padrão de cuidado na prática diária. Objetivos: Investigar a efetividade de um protocolo em relação ao sucesso do desmame e aderência dos médicos assistentes ao protocolo. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo de coorte. Nós investigamos todos pacientes consecutivos dependentes de ventilação mecânica por mais de 24 hs no período de janeiro de 2004 à dezembro de 2010 admitidos em uma unidade de terapia intensiva médico cirúrgica. Os dados como idade, sexo, causa da insuficiência ventilatória, escore de apache II, resultado do desmame da ventilação mecânica e aderência médica ao protocolo de desmame foram coletados em todos os pacientes. Resultados: Foram incluídos 2.469 pacientes durante 07 anos, sendo 1943 (78%) com sucesso no desmame. A adesão médica ao protocolo de desmame variou durante esses anos, sendo a maior entre 2005 à 2007(38% em 2005 para 86% para 2007 p< 0,01).Quando avaliamos o passo à passo do protocolo de desmame, encontramos uma alta adesão para a ventilação não invasiva (VNI)(95%) e para avaliação dos índices preditores de desmame (91%) e uma baixa adesão para controle do balanço hídrico (54%) e interrupção diária da sedação (24%). O sucesso no desmame foi superior nos pacientes que fizeram protocolo de desmame comparado com aqueles que utilizaram a prática clínica como desmame (85,6% x 67,7%, p< 0,001). Conclusão: A adesão médica ao protocolo de desmame mudou durante os anos do estudo, bem como a implementação das diferentes etapas do protocolo. Isso pode ter ocorrido por diferentes níveis de conhecimento médico e educação oferecidas a equipe do Centro de Terapia Intensiva (CTI) sobre o protocolo de desmame durante os anos do estudo. / Background: The implementation of a weaning protocol is referred to an earlier removal from mechanical ventilation (MV), reduction of complication, extubation failure and intensive care unit (ICU) costs. Moreover, it is know that a new approach, proven by literature, may take several years to become standard of care in daily practice. Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of a protocol in relation to the success of weaning and adherence of medical assistants to the protocol. Methods: We investigated all consecutive patients MV-dependent for more than 24h admitted from Jan-2004 to Dec-2010 in a medical-surgical ICU. Data of age, gender, cause of ventilatory failure, APACHE II score, weaning outcome, and physician adherence weaning protocol were collected in all patients. Results: We enrolled 2,469 patients over 7 years, with 1,943 patients (78.7%) of weaning success. The patient´s physician-adherence ranged to the weaning protocol changed during the study, being greater adherence from 2005 to 2007 (38%% in 2005 up to 86% in 2007, p <0.01). When evaluated weaning protocol step-by-step, we found high adherence for noninvasive ventilation use (NIV) (95%), and for weaning predictor measurement (91%); and lower adherence for control of fluid balance (57%), and for daily interruption of sedation (24%). The weaning success was superior patients that undergone weaning protocol compared to patients that undergone weaning based in clinical practice (85.6% vs. 67.7%, p <0.001). Conclusion: The adherence of physicians to a weaning protocol changed during the study years, as well as implementing the different steps of the protocol. This may have occurred by different levels of knowledge of medical and education offered by the ICU staff about the weaning protocol during the period of the study.

Masters of Science - Msc (Physiotherapy) / The Physiotherapist is an important member of the multidisciplinary team managing critically ill patients in the ICU. Physiotherapy practice in the ICU has shown itself to be effective, whereas the lack of physiotherapy management in the care of critically ill patients may prolong recovery. Therefore, the knowledge and attitudes about physiotherapy management by the other Health Care Professionals of the team is essential in order to facilitate efficient and effective medical services. This study aimed to determine other Health Care Professional' knowledge, attitudes regarding physiotherapy management in the ICU. As well as, it determined the current physiotherapy practices applied by physiotherapists in ICUs in Khartoum State - Republic of Sudan. The study was conducted due to limited studies in this field.

Jordan is a developing country which is taking measures to make the situation in the society more equal between males and females. Former research has showed that it, worldwide, sometimes is great differences between the genders in the health care. This thesis illuminates how it is to work in an intensive care unit and if there are differences between male and female intensive care nurses influencing on the provided care. Twenty intensive care nurses from four intensive care units at Jordan University Hospital were included in the study. Both field notes and an observation schedule were used to gather data. The field notes captured the overall experience of working in the intensive care area and were analyzed by thematic content analyze. The observation schedule concentrated on how long time was spent and which activities were performed bedside. Data from the schedule was compared between the units and between male and female intensive care nurses caring for male and female intensive care patients. The field notes showed that even if the units were busy and crowed the silence and calmness were present. Cooperation was essential and trust and knowledge were spread. Often a warm and comfortable feeling surrounded the personnel and they seemed to like it at work. The observation schedule showed that in the medical and surgical intensive care units the intensive care nurses spent more time and performed a greater number of bedside activities compared to the pediatric and main intensive care units. Female intensive care nurses who cared for male intensive care patients performed less bedside activities and when they cared for a female intensive care patient they spent less time bedside compared to the other groups. In all the units and all the groups the most frequent performed activity was to have a look at the equipment, followed by have a look at the patient. The results can however be questioned since it is a small study accomplished by a single researcher, in some few intensive care units at one hospital. / Program: Specialistsjuksköterskeutbildning med inriktning mot intensivvård

In the care for the critically ill patient the next of kin is of great importance. Their support, love and care for the patient, increases the wellbeing and makes a connection to the patient’s normal lifeworld. For the next of kin to be able to be that support the next of kin needs to be helped to maintain the basic need of for example their sleep, food, hygiene and psychosocial support. The critical care nurse must see to the patient’s whole lifeworld which includes their next of kin.The aim of the study was to identify the resources available for the next of kin in intensive care units in Sweden. The study has its origin in a quantitative approach and a multiple choice questionnaire survey was selected as the data collection method. The respondents were intensive care employees from all over Sweden. At the time of the study, there were 86 intensive care units in Sweden which all were invited to participate in the study. Answers were received from 53 respondents representing ~62 % of ICUs in Sweden.The findings revealed that the resources for next of kin among the responding units were overall good to maintain the basic needs. The units mainly provided 1-2 rooms for the next of kin to use for resting and recovery while staying at the hospital. All the units were available to telephone 24 hours a day but there were some units that had restrictions when it came to visiting the critically ill patient. All ICUs in Sweden were invited to participate in the study but there were 38 % which chose not to participate. The outcome of the study could therefore have been different if the nonparticipant ICUs had different resources and opinions when it came to the care for the next of kin of patients staying at ICU. The conclusion is that intensive care units in Sweden has overall good resources to care for next of kin while visiting and staying at ICUs. / Program: Specialistsjuksköterskeutbildning med inriktning mot intensivvård

Då någon drabbas av allvarlig sjukdom eller skada som hotar livet påverkas inte bara den sjuke utan också alla i den sjukes närhet. Att som närstående vara barn i denna situation kan vara oerhört traumatiskt. För att vi som vårdpersonal ska kunna hjälpa och stötta barnen och familjen behövs kunskap om hur barn upplever denna situation och vilka behov som finns hos dem. Syftet med studien är att beskriva barns upplevelse av att vara närstående till en svårt sjuk person. Med svår sjukdom/skada valdes i denna uppsats någon som vårdas på en intensivvårdsavdelning eller drabbats av cancersjukdom. Metoden som använts är litteraturstudie av vårdvetenskapliga kvalitativa artiklar där barnens upplevelse tydligt framkommer. I resultatet framgår det att barnen upplever oro och osäkerhet över vad som händer, förändrat vardagsliv, otrygghet och utanförskap. Dessa känslor och upplevelser har samlats under tre teman: Berätta för mig, Jag vill att det ska vara som vanligt och Ser ni mig? Med kunskap om barns upplevelser och känslor när någon närstående drabbats av svår sjukdom/skada kan vi som vårdpersonal informera och stötta barn och föräldrar för att möjliggöra en situation där barnen känner delaktighet och trygghet. Studien visar på vikten av att barnen är välinformerade om vad som hänt och hur sjukdomen/skadan utvecklar sig, att vardagen fortsätter i möjligaste mån med trygga rutiner och att barnen får känna delaktighet och blir sedda. Studien visar på hur viktigt det är att vi som vårdpersonal ser och informerar de närstående barnen med tanke på ålder, utveckling och erfarenhet och uppmuntrar och stöttar föräldrarna till att göra barnen delaktiga. / Program: Fristående kurs

Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem quantitativa, de corte transversal, descritivo, realizado com objetivo de identificar a carga de trabalho de enfermagem, segundo o Nursing Activities Score (NAS), em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva adulto de um hospital público, de ensino, de grande porte, destinado ao atendimento de pacientes em situação de Urgência ou Emergência Médica. A amostra foi composta de 70 pacientes maiores de 18 anos, independente do diagnóstico ou tipo de tratamento, com permanência mínima de 24 horas na unidade. A coleta, realizada no período de maio a outubro de 2011, constou dos dados demográficos e clínicos, foram aplicados o instrumento NAS e o índice de gravidade APACHE II das primeiras 24 horas de internação, para medida de carga de trabalho de enfermagem e gravidade dos pacientes, respectivamente. Utilizou-se a estatística descritiva e inferencial para tratamento dos dados, sendo a relação entre as variáveis selecionadas analisada por meio do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. Os testes t de Student e ANOVA foram utilizados para a comparação das médias. A análise conjunta das variáveis foi feita por meio de regressão linear múltipla. A maioria dos pacientes 26 (62,86%) era do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 46,31 anos, tempo médio de internação na UTI de 12,76 (dp=10,30),procedente do pronto socorro (45,71%), com o tipo de internação clínica (54,29%) e em 68,57% dos casos evoluíram para alta da unidade. A média do APACHE II foi de 25,41 (dp=7,43) e do NAS de 73,59 (dp=15,68) pontos. A análise comparativa do escore NAS com as variáveis demográficas e clínicas mostrou que pacientes que foram ao óbito apresentaram as maiores médias de carga de trabalho de enfermagem. A correlação entre a média do escore NAS e as variáveis quantitativas: idade, dias de internação e gravidade (APACHE II) mostrou moderada correlação com a gravidade (r= 0,33; p= 0,00) e baixa correlação e negativa com o tempo de internação (r= -0,27; p=0,02). O único fator associado à carga de trabalho de enfermagem nesse grupo de pacientes estudados foi sua condição de saída. A avaliação da carga de trabalho de enfermagem, bem como os fatores que a influenciam, tem se mostrado indispensável como recurso de gestão das unidades de terapia intensiva / This is a quantitative, cross sectional, descriptive study performed with the aim of identifying the nursing workload according to the Nursing Activities Score (NAS) at a large scale adult Intensive Care unit of a public teaching hospital, aimed at attending patients in Immediate or Urgent medical situations. The sample was composed of 70 patients aged over 18 years of age, independent of the diagnosis of type of treatment, who stayed in the unit for a minimum of 24 hours. The data collection, carried out between May and October 2011, was composed of demopgraphic and clinical data and the NAS values and the APACHE II severity index durring the first 24 hours were applied after admission to measure the nursing workload and the severity of the patients respectively. Inferential and descriptive statistics were used to process the data, with the relation between selected variables analysed using the Pearson correlation coefficient. The student T test and ANOVA were used for the comparison of means. The combined analysis of the variables was done using multiple linear regression. The majority of the patients 26 (62.86%) were male with a mean age of 46.31, the mean time they were admitted to ICU was 12.76 (sd=10.30). The majority of patients were transferred from the Emergency Room (45.71%), with clinical admission (54.29%) and in 68.57% of cases they were discharged from the unit. The mean score from APACHE II was 25.41 (sd=7.43) and NAS was 73.59 (sd=15.68) points. The comparative analysis of the NAS scores with the demographic and clinical variables showed that patients which died presented the highest mean nursing workloads. The correlation between the mean NAS score and the quantitative variables: age, days in hospital and severity (APACHE II) showed a moderate correlation with the severity (r=0.33; p=0.00) and low and negative correlation with the length of hospitalization (r=-0.27; p=0.02). The only factor associated to the nursing workload in the group of patients studied was their medical condition when discharged. The evaluation of the nursing workload, as well as the factors which influenced it, has been shown to be an essential resource for the managament of intensive care units.