African American men experience impediments when entering the field of Information Technology (IT), which may portend the disappearance of this ethnic group from the technology-driven work force of the future. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to investigate the socioeconomic factors faced by African American men from their own viewpoints. With this goal in mind, three research questions were studied focusing on the availably of IT resources; the quality of science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) based education; and existing hiring practices within the IT industry. The conceptual framework for this study was the critical theory perspective, which provided an understanding of real and perceived problems of African American men attempting to enter the field of IT. To facilitate the collection of data for this study, a Web questionnaire program was used. The data analysis process was a 3-phase coding method which included open, axial, and selective coding in order to identify emergent themes such as: racial discrimination, economic hardships, employment opportunity, interpretations from job seeking experiences, the effects of unfulfilled needs, and inadequate access to IT. The data analysis strategy used for this research was the homogeneous sampling method, which made it possible to choose a target population of African American men enrolled in the City Colleges of Chicago who have sought employment in the IT field. The findings from this study have implications for social change by illuminating the experiences of previously-underrepresented African American men in the IT industry.

Although the literature has a wealth of information about the barriers that Hispanic women encounter to achieve senior leadership positions in higher education, there continues to be a lack of research focusing on the factors that positively influence the career path of successful contemporary Hispanic women in academe. This study bridged this gap by adding to the field about this population. The information provided will allow for a greater understanding of how to deal with those challenges and opportunities and may change societal perceptions associated with Hispanic women leaders in academe. The researcher’s indepth analysis of the factors that positively influenced the career path of the Hispanic female top administrators who participated in this study showed that several components were fundamental for the successful career path mobility of the aforementioned participants. An analysis of the data revealed that the following were found to be the most significant components that best describe the professional profile of the group of Hispanic female top administrators who participated in this study: (a) having the credentials and training, (b) following tenured and academic administrative tracks, (c) being mentored and empowered, (d) being able to balance career and family, (e) being politically savvy, (f) demonstrating leadership capacity, and (g) displaying high self- efficacy beliefs.

Women continue to be underrepresented in superintendent roles in public schools. The purpose of this narrative inquiry was to explore the lived experiences and perceptions of women superintendents regarding the professional and personal factors that impacted their ability to be promoted to the position of superintendent in Texas public school districts. I applied role congruity theory (RCT) to participants' shared stories to ascertain how their promotion to the superintendency was affected by gender-related role stereotypes. Based on that lens, my findings revealed that every woman believed both formal and informal mentorship and networking opportunities were critical factors in being promoted to the superintendency and their continued success in that role; they perceived they had control over deciding how to balance family and work-life, they agreed they needed to have a supportive family; they perceived that hard work was directly correlated to promotion to or success in the superintendency, more so than gender. While each of the women may have experienced gender-related issues in their career, none perceived that gender-related issues impacted their ability to be promoted. Most of my participants said the career path they followed was a factor, and suggested that other women should be strategic about which superintendent position they should accept. As a result of my findings, I make recommendations that should be offered to women who want to pursue the superintendency and for future research.

No description available.

Esta pesquisa apresenta e discute a legislação concernente ao trabalho docente da rede estadual de ensino de São Paulo, no período de 1995 a 2014, com o objetivo de analisar o (s) tipo(s) de profissionalismo docente que se configura(m) por meio das normativas produzidas por parte do Executivo paulista. Objetiva-se mais especificamente caracterizar as alterações realizadas, pelos governos desse período, nos dispositivos referentes à situação funcional dos docentes do Estado de São Paulo, tomando como base as duas principais normativas que regem o seu trabalho: a Lei Complementar nº444/1985, que dispõe sobre o Estatuto do Magistério Paulista e a Lei Complementar nº 836/1997, que institui Plano de Carreira, Vencimentos e Salários para os integrantes do Quadro do Magistério da Secretaria da Educação. Pretende-se, assim, investigar a natureza e os elementos do profissionalismo docente presentes nos documentos e normativas produzidos pela administração estadual, levando-se em conta as justificativas e considerações dos governos para a criação ou alteração destas diretrizes. Tendo como referencial teórico nuclear os trabalhos de Sachs (2015), Normand (2015), Evans (2011) e Evetts (2009), esta pesquisa apoia-se em estudo bibliográfico e documental e se orienta pelas seguintes questões: Qual a atuação estatal na conformação do profissionalismo docente? Quais os elementos utilizados pelas diferentes gestões em vigor no período privilegiado aqui para tanto? Os dados apontam para dois processos que caracterizam a tentativa dos governos paulistas em moldar o profissionalismo docente, de forma que os professores se adequem às diretrizes do Estado: um, a curto prazo, de introdução de novos elementos, como a promoção na carreira com base em avaliação de desempenho, que tentam adequar a carreira e demais normativas aos princípios de uma administração específica e outro, a longo prazo, com mecanismos sendo introduzidos de forma gradual, como as políticas de bonificação, que acabam sendo adaptados ao longo do período mas que atuam na direção do Estado moldar o profissionalismo docente. Considera-se que a atuação estatal na legislação que rege a vida profissional dos docentes traz grandes desafios para a profissão docente, pois questiona os valores e conhecimentos da profissão em nome da adequação dos docentes e suas práticas às diretrizes governamentais, implementadas em nome de uma maior eficácia do sistema educacional paulista. / This research presents and discusses the legislation concerning the teacher work in the São Paulo States public system of education, in the period from 1995 to 2014, with the objective of analyzing the type(s) of teacher professionalism thats configured through the laws produced by the São Paulos Executive. More specifically, it aims to characterize the changes, made by the governments of that period, at the devices referring to the São Paulos teachers functional situation, taking as basis, the two main norms that rule their work: the Complementary Law nº444/1985, which inclines about the Statute of the Magisterium of São Paulos Public System of Education and the Complementary Law nº 836/1997, establishing Career Path, Salaries and Fees for the Board of the Magisterium of the Secretariat of Education members. Its intended, on this way, to analyze the nature and elements of teacher professionalism present in the documents and regulations produced by the state administration, taking into the justifications and considerations of governments for the creation or modification of these guidelines. Taking as nuclear theoretical reference works of Sachs (2015), Normand (2015) Evans (2011) and Evetts (2009), this research is supported by a bibliographical and documentary study and is guided by the following questions: What is the state\'s role in the conformation on teacher professionalism? What elements are used by the different administrations in force in the period privileged here for that? The data points to two processes that characterize the attempt of the São Paulo governments to shape teacher professionalism, in the way that the teachers suit to the guidelines of the State: one, in the short term, to introduce new elements, such as Career Promotion based on performance evaluation, who try to adapt the career and other regulations to the principles of a specific administration and another, a long-term, with mechanisms being introduced gradually, such as bonus policies, that ends up being adapted throughout the period but act in the direction of the State to mold the teacher professionalism. Its considered that the state action in the legislation that governs the teachers professional presents great challenges for the teaching profession, because puts in question the professions values and knowledge in the name of the teachers adequacy and their practices to the governmental guidelines, implemented in the name of greater effectiveness of the educational system of São Paulo.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:32:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alan Ary Meguerditchian.pdf: 1783088 bytes, checksum: bb0b5caa87d1101482bcef21b47489d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study problematized the current career path of professional basic education of São Paulo, as official proposal that makes up the bureaucratic apparatus in its relation to the expectations of teachers. The objective was to identify the characteristics of the plan (LC 836/1997 and 1.143/2011), offered in the state of Sao Paulo and verify if it meets the expectations of teachers in basic education. This goal unfolded in the following specific objectives: 1) verify if the career path offered by the state of Sao Paulo to the educators respect the principles and provisions of national law, as determined by the hierarchy of the bureaucratic model, and what features set for a career, 2) verify if the career path offered by the state of Sao Paulo encourages the entry of new professionals in the public system and the continuity of current teachers and, consequently, if it aligns with a modern model or traditional career; 3 ) verify if the responses offered by bureaucratic regulations or reregulation include the expectations of professionals about the prospects for career development and completion of the profession. This was done using the concept of Bureaucracy constructed by Weber (2008), their potential disruptions introduced by Blau (1964), the difference between the traditional and modern career by Chanlat (1995) and, finally, the concepts of performativity and re-regulation of Ball (2002) as a basis for responding to the initial problem and meet the goals built. To collect data, this research used a qualitative approach, which had as main focuses: the lifting of the teachers' expectations, the disparities between national laws and Sao Paulo and the demands of teachers, and the ideas and actions of state government engaged with the issue. In terms of procedures, it was employed gathering and analysis of academic production related to the subject-matter, gathering and analysis of documents first-hand of the unions and government, gathering and analysis of national and state that involves the issue of career plan of the public teaching of basic education and, finally, realization and analysis of semistructured interviews with teacher's union representative, government s representative and a school teacher. As axes for the analysis of data collected, the work focused features of bureaucracy, revealed by the confrontation between the conflicting political actions (legislation varied), and issues related to neo-liberalism that mark the demands made on items relating to careers. Initial hypotheses that could be confirmed by this research, say the current career plan does not meet the expectations of teachers, beginning to merge models, introducing modern elements to a traditional career, and finally, demanding new features professional actors the school / Este estudo problematizou o atual plano de carreira dos profissionais da educação básica de São Paulo, como proposta oficial que compõe o aparato burocrático em sua relação com as expectativas dos professores. Seu objetivo foi identificar as características do referido plano (LC 836/1997 e 1.143/2011), oferecido no Estado de São Paulo e verificar se ele atende às expectativas dos professores de educação básica. Tal meta desdobrou-se nos seguintes objetivos específicos: 1) verificar se o plano de carreira oferecido pelo estado de São Paulo aos profissionais da educação respeita os princípios e as normas da legislação nacional, conforme determina a hierarquia do modelo burocrático, e quais as características definidas para a carreira; 2) verificar se o plano de carreira oferecido pelo estado de São Paulo estimula o ingresso de novos profissionais na rede e a continuidade dos atuais professores e, consequentemente, se ele se alinha a uma concepção moderna ou tradicional de carreira; 3) verificar se as respostas burocráticas oferecidas pelas regulamentações ou re-regulações contemplam as expectativas dos profissionais em relação às perspectivas de desenvolvimento de carreira e plena realização da profissão. Para isso, utilizou-se o conceito de Burocracia, construído por Weber (2008), suas possíveis disrupturas introduzidas por Blau (1964), a diferença entre carreira tradicional e moderna apresentada por Chanlat (1995) e, por fim, os conceitos de performatividade e reregulação de Ball (2002), como base para responder ao problema inicial e cumprir os objetivos construídos. Para a coleta de dados, a presente pesquisa utilizou uma abordagem qualitativa, que teve como focos principais: o levantamento das expectativas dos professores, as assimetrias entre as legislações nacional e paulista e as demandas do professorado, e as ideias e ações do governo do estado voltadas para o tema. Em termos de procedimentos, empregou-se o levantamento e análise da produção acadêmica relacionada à questão, levantamento e análise de documentos de primeira mão das entidades sindicais e do governo, levantamento e análise da legislação nacional e estadual que envolve a questão do plano de carreira do magistério público de educação básica e, por fim, realização e análise de entrevistas semiestruturadas com um representante sindical dos professores, um gestor da secretaria de educação, representante do poder público, e um professor da rede. Como eixos para a análise dos dados coletados, o trabalho privilegiou as características da burocracia, reveladas pelo confronto entre as ações políticas contraditórias (legislação variada), e questões relacionadas ao neoliberalismo que marcam as exigências postas em itens relativos às carreiras. As hipóteses iniciais, que puderam ser comprovadas por esta pesquisa, afirmam que o atual plano de carreira não atende às expectativas dos docentes, começando a mesclar os modelos, introduzindo elementos modernos a uma carreira tradicional e, por fim, exigindo novas características profissionais dos agentes da escola

Esta pesquisa apresenta e discute a legislação concernente ao trabalho docente da rede estadual de ensino de São Paulo, no período de 1995 a 2014, com o objetivo de analisar o (s) tipo(s) de profissionalismo docente que se configura(m) por meio das normativas produzidas por parte do Executivo paulista. Objetiva-se mais especificamente caracterizar as alterações realizadas, pelos governos desse período, nos dispositivos referentes à situação funcional dos docentes do Estado de São Paulo, tomando como base as duas principais normativas que regem o seu trabalho: a Lei Complementar nº444/1985, que dispõe sobre o Estatuto do Magistério Paulista e a Lei Complementar nº 836/1997, que institui Plano de Carreira, Vencimentos e Salários para os integrantes do Quadro do Magistério da Secretaria da Educação. Pretende-se, assim, investigar a natureza e os elementos do profissionalismo docente presentes nos documentos e normativas produzidos pela administração estadual, levando-se em conta as justificativas e considerações dos governos para a criação ou alteração destas diretrizes. Tendo como referencial teórico nuclear os trabalhos de Sachs (2015), Normand (2015), Evans (2011) e Evetts (2009), esta pesquisa apoia-se em estudo bibliográfico e documental e se orienta pelas seguintes questões: Qual a atuação estatal na conformação do profissionalismo docente? Quais os elementos utilizados pelas diferentes gestões em vigor no período privilegiado aqui para tanto? Os dados apontam para dois processos que caracterizam a tentativa dos governos paulistas em moldar o profissionalismo docente, de forma que os professores se adequem às diretrizes do Estado: um, a curto prazo, de introdução de novos elementos, como a promoção na carreira com base em avaliação de desempenho, que tentam adequar a carreira e demais normativas aos princípios de uma administração específica e outro, a longo prazo, com mecanismos sendo introduzidos de forma gradual, como as políticas de bonificação, que acabam sendo adaptados ao longo do período mas que atuam na direção do Estado moldar o profissionalismo docente. Considera-se que a atuação estatal na legislação que rege a vida profissional dos docentes traz grandes desafios para a profissão docente, pois questiona os valores e conhecimentos da profissão em nome da adequação dos docentes e suas práticas às diretrizes governamentais, implementadas em nome de uma maior eficácia do sistema educacional paulista. / This research presents and discusses the legislation concerning the teacher work in the São Paulo States public system of education, in the period from 1995 to 2014, with the objective of analyzing the type(s) of teacher professionalism thats configured through the laws produced by the São Paulos Executive. More specifically, it aims to characterize the changes, made by the governments of that period, at the devices referring to the São Paulos teachers functional situation, taking as basis, the two main norms that rule their work: the Complementary Law nº444/1985, which inclines about the Statute of the Magisterium of São Paulos Public System of Education and the Complementary Law nº 836/1997, establishing Career Path, Salaries and Fees for the Board of the Magisterium of the Secretariat of Education members. Its intended, on this way, to analyze the nature and elements of teacher professionalism present in the documents and regulations produced by the state administration, taking into the justifications and considerations of governments for the creation or modification of these guidelines. Taking as nuclear theoretical reference works of Sachs (2015), Normand (2015) Evans (2011) and Evetts (2009), this research is supported by a bibliographical and documentary study and is guided by the following questions: What is the state\'s role in the conformation on teacher professionalism? What elements are used by the different administrations in force in the period privileged here for that? The data points to two processes that characterize the attempt of the São Paulo governments to shape teacher professionalism, in the way that the teachers suit to the guidelines of the State: one, in the short term, to introduce new elements, such as Career Promotion based on performance evaluation, who try to adapt the career and other regulations to the principles of a specific administration and another, a long-term, with mechanisms being introduced gradually, such as bonus policies, that ends up being adapted throughout the period but act in the direction of the State to mold the teacher professionalism. Its considered that the state action in the legislation that governs the teachers professional presents great challenges for the teaching profession, because puts in question the professions values and knowledge in the name of the teachers adequacy and their practices to the governmental guidelines, implemented in the name of greater effectiveness of the educational system of São Paulo.

Cette étude s’interroge sur les conditions de possibilités et les modalités d’entrance des auteurs africains dans le champ de la bande dessinée européenne de langue française. La thèse procède à une approche sociologique en effectuant, en premier lieu, une analyse institutionnelle des conditions de production, de circulation et de réception, ainsi que de la sociabilité dans les contextes locaux, notamment dans les pays de l’Afrique subsaharienne francophone. L’examen des modalités de publication dans l’édition ou dans la presse, des associations d’auteurs, des festivals et d’autres initiatives de promotion, des possibilités offertes par le monde associatif et celui des institutions montre que les auteurs locaux ont à réaliser leur vocation artistique et leurs projets professionnels dans des milieux mal organisés et peu propices. Cet état de choses, certes, oblige les agents à mettre en œuvre leur plus ou moins grande habileté à s’y adapter et à le faire jouer à l’avantage de leur parcours professionnel, mais il pousse aussi de nombreux auteurs à considérer la publication dans le champ européen comme le but vers lequel orienter leurs efforts et leurs stratégies. La problématique générale de l’entrance est l’angle d’attaque de la deuxième partie, qui analyse au moyen de la théorie du champ élaborée par Pierre Bourdieu les trajectoires des quelques auteurs africains de B.D. qui ont réussi à atteindre une certaine légitimation de la part des institutions de la B.D. européenne, à savoir les congolais Barly Baruti et Pat Masioni et l’ivoirienne Marguerite Abouet, ainsi que quelques autres parcours significatifs. Les notions d’habitus, de stratégie, de périphérie, d’autonomie et d’hétéronomie, mais aussi d’antinomie ont permis d’éclairer ces parcours. La théorie des champs, qui met l’accent sur les conditions sociales relatives à la création, à la circulation et à la consommation des biens symboliques et sur les institutions impliquées dans la « mise en acte » de l’objet artistique-culturel pour en comprendre la position dans la société de référence, a été l’instrument qui a permis de saisir l’importance de plusieurs facteurs : l’impact du secteur associatif et des institutions internationales ; l'autonomisation comme seconde étape ou éventuellement comme phase décisive, déterminant l’entrance dès le début ; les « instances de légitimation » / This research examines the conditions of possibilities within and the routes of entry of the African authors into the comic field of the French-speaking Europe. The dissertation employs a sociological approach by making, firstly, an institutional analysis of the conditions of production, circulation and reception, as well as the sociability in the local contexts, in particular in the French-speaking countries of sub-Saharan Africa. The examination of the modalities of publication in the edition or in the press, of the associations of authors, festivals and other promotional initiatives, and of the possibilities offered by associations and institutions, shows that local authors have to realize their artistic vocation and their professional projects in poorly organized and unfavourable environments. Of course, this state of things requires agents to exercise their greater or lesser skill in adapting to it and making it play to the advantage of their professional career, but it also prompts a number of authors to consider the publication in the European field as the goal towards which to focus their efforts and strategies. The general problem of entry is the angle of attack of the second part, which draws on Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of fields to analyse the trajectories of the few African comics authors who managed to achieve a certain legitimation in European environments, namely Congolese Barly Baruti and Pat Masioni and the Ivorian Marguerite Abouet, as well as some other significant paths. The notions of habitus, strategy, periphery, autonomy and heteronomy, but also antinomy have helped to illuminate these paths. The theory of fields, which emphasizes the social conditions relating to the creation, circulation and consumption of symbolic goods and the institutions involved in the "mise en act" of the artistic-cultural object, in order to understand the position in the society of reference, was instrumental in understanding the importance of several factors: the impact of associations and of the international institutions; autonomy as a second step or eventually as a decisive phase, determining the entrance from the beginning; the “instances of legitimation”

No description available.

Syfte: Syftet med studien är att skapa förståelse för hur medarbetarnas uppfattning av Empowerment förändrats till följd av att helt eller delvis arbeta på distans. Metod: Studien har en kvalitativ utgångspunkt med en deduktiv ansats. Studien består av åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer som har genomförts med medarbetare på revision- och redovisningsföretag.  Resultat och slutsats: Studiens slutsats visar att kommunikationen och informationsdelningen inom företagen har påverkats av distansarbetet. Dock inte i sådan utsträckning att medarbetarnas uppfattning av Empowerment minskat. Resultatet av studien visar även hur den individuella utvecklingen hos medarbetarna bromsats till följd av distansarbetet och därmed även engagemanget för arbetet. Slutligen konstateras det att kreativitet bör ses som en betydande del av konceptet Empowerment vilket det inte gjorts i tidigare forskning.  Examensarbetets bidrag: Studien har bidragit med större förståelse för hur distansarbetet påverkat medarbetarnas uppfattning av Empowerment inom revision- och redovisningsföretag. Studien redogör för viktiga komponenter inom begreppet Empowerment och hur dessa i sin tur har påverkats av att arbetet skett hemifrån. Studien bidrar även med insikten att kreativitet bör ses som en betydande del av Empowerment vilket inte har berörts i särskilt stor utsträckning i tidigare forskning. / Aim: The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of working from home on Empowerment in auditing and accounting companies. Method: The study has a qualitative construction with an deductive approach; Eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with employees at auditing and accounting firms. Result and conclusion: The studies conclusion shows that communication and information sharing within the companies has been affected by working from home. But not in the extent that the employees perception of Empowerment has decreased. The result of the studie also shows how the individual development of the employees decreased due to working from home and thereby the engagement for their work. Finally the studie establish that creativity should be seen as a considerable part of the consept Empowerment, which it has not been in previous research. Contribution of the thesis: The studie has contributed with a greater understanding for how working from home has affected the employees perception of Empowerment within auditing and accounting companies. The studie account for important components within the concept Empowerment and how those components has been affected by working from home. The studie also contributes with the insight that creativity should be seen as a great part of Empowerment, which has not been enlighted in a greater extent in previous research.