Purpose – This research is investigating the Swedish banks transitioning to cashless bank offices. The investigation is carried out to fully understand the reasons behind the transition and what impacts it brought upon the stakeholders affected by it. The purpose of this is to analyze the transition for social and economic effects so that it can be concluded whether the transition was a move towards sustainable banking.  Method – The researchers carried out a case study at one of the biggest banks in Sweden. The empirical data for the research was collected through qualitative interviews and a survey with the bank’s employees as participants.  Findings – Several reasons for the transition to cashless banking were found. Both positive and negative effects brought up on stakeholders were also illuminated from the transition. The transition could not be deemed entirely as a move towards sustainable banking due to negative effects on stakeholders. However, it provides important information about the negative impacts and the stakeholders affected.  Implications – No clear answers can be provided due to many interrelated factors that are surrounding the transition, further studies need to be made to which are more focused on each the role of each and one of these factors.  Limitations – The case study is carried out in the Swedish banking sector, therefore, is geographically limited to Sweden as the transition might be different in different societies. The research is investigating the social and economic impacts brought by the cashless transition. Thus, the findings do not provide data regarding environmental impacts.

Digital money is growing more popular and physical money is not being used as much as it once was. But what happens if we have a cashless society and what would it mean? The purpose of this essay is to investigate if increased technological innovation lead to a decrease in the currency in circulation and if there is a short or long term effect of innovation on currency in circulation. To answer the questions a fixed effects regression model is applied, based on panel data for 4 countries Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland for the time period 2007-2020. The regression's findings provide credibility to the hypothesis that increasing innovation has had a negative effect on currency in circulations. With the help of a Vector Error Correction Model with time series data for Sweden from 2007 to 2020, the second part of the question is answered. The result find evidence that increased innovation has a long-run decreasing effect on currency in circulation.

A logical control extension surrounding cashless means of exchange is a permanent personal verification mark. An implanted micro chip such as ones that have been successfully implanted into humans could identify and store information. Connected with global positioning satellites and a computer system, a cashless monetary system could be formed in the future. The system would provide complete and continual real time records for individuals, businesses and regulators. It would be possible for all trading to occur in this way in the future. A modified Technology Acceptance Model was developed based on Davis' (1989) model and Fishbein and Ajzen's (1975) theory to test the acceptance level of the new monetary system by professional accountants in Australia. The model includes perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived risk, and a subjective norm component. 523 accountants were surveyed in December 2003 with a response rate of 27%. 13% either strongly agree d or agreed that they would accept the implantable chip. The analysis showed that Perception of Risk, Subjective Norm and Perception of Usefulness were all significant in explaining the dependent variable at the 95% confidence level. The Perception of Ease of Use was not proved to be significant. In consideration of response bias, it was found that with respect to the perception of usefulness at the 0.01 level, two elements were not significant, those being

Yes / The rapid evolution of mobile-based technologies and applications has led to the development of several different forms of digital payment methods (DPMs) but with limited enthusiasm in consumers for adopting them. Hence, several academic studies have already been conducted to examine the role of various antecedents that determines consumers’ intention to adopt DPMs. The degree of effect and significance of several antecedents found to be inconsistent across different studies. This provided us a basis for undertaking a meta-analysis of existing research for estimating the cumulative effect of such antecedents. Therefore, this study aims to perform a meta-analysis of five antecedents (i.e. attitude, cost, mobility, price value and innovativeness) for confirming their overall influence on intentions to adopt DPMs. The results of this study suggest that the cumulative effect of four out of five antecedents found to be significant while influence of price value was found insignificant on behavioural intentions. The recommendations drawn from this research would help to decide if and when to use such antecedents for predicting consumer intention to adopt DPMs.

The present study aims to deliberate over a wider perspective on the topic of physical currency, assuming the global conversion to digital payment instruments affecting stakeholders at different scales alters number of aspects. The theoretical section discusses the process of transition to cashless society by identifying transformation stages and the barriers faced to undertake the shift. Subsequently, the links between factors as business environment, globalization, and shadow economy in relation to physical currency in circulation are examined by static and dynamic panel data analyses applying annual panel data for 70 countries for the period from 2013 to 2017. The conclusive inference is formulated based on outputs from the Blundell-Bond (1998) system GMM estimator. The empirical results provide significant evidence on negative relationship between business environment and physical currency in circulation and contrary positive link for shadow economy. Further, the greater impact of business environment on physical money among variables included, implies the promotion of electronic money solutions solely to be not sufficient to transit to cashless economy. We also construct transformation score ranking for the last five years to snap the transit stage among countries included in the study with...

Around the globe, countries move away from banknotes and coins in the favor of digitized payments. A number of findings from academic research conclude various benefits associated with decreased cash usage, such as enhanced economic development, less costs for governments and banks, financial transparency as well as lower economic-related crime rates. In a light of various benefits moving towards cashless payments, it is hypothesized that there also could be a relationship between how innovative a country is and how much cash circulates in economy. The relationship could be both-sided like less cash circulation can trigger innovation and, at the same time, adoption of cashless payments could be driven by how innovative a country is. To be able to investigate a potential correlation, a correlation analysis is conducted between the two variables: an innovation level of a country and cash circulation in econom. The Global Innovation Index score will be used to summarize various factors that provide an overview of national innovation performance, and percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) will be used for currency in circulation. According to the findings, the hypothesis that there is a correlation between cash circulation and innovation performance in a country could not be rejected with a 5% significance level. / Runt om i världen öppnar länder upp för att gå från kontanta betalningsmedel mot digitala betallösningar. Enligt tidigare forskning, leder minskad kontanthantering till flertalet fördelar såsom kraftigare ekonomisk tillväxt, ökad transparens, minskade kostnader samt minskad ekonomiskt brottslighet. De fördelar som kontantlösa betalningar skapar kan vara kopplade till hur innovativt ett land är och hur mycket kontanta medel som cirkulerar i ett lands ekonomi. Ett potentiellt samband mellan mängd kontanter som cirkulerar i ett samhälle och innovation i ett land kan vara tvåsidigt, till exempel att minskade mängder kontanter i ekonomin kan skapa innovation eller så kan kontantlösa betalningar skapas av hög innovationsnivån i ett land. För att kunna undersöka ett potentiellt samband, utförs en korrelationsanalys mellan de två variablerna: nationell innovationsnivå och mängd kontanter i cirkulation i ekonomin. Global Innovation Index används för att sammanfatta olika faktorer som ger en översikt över den nationella innovationsnivå per land och en procentandel av bruttonationalprodukten (BNP) kommer att användas för mängd valuta i omlopp. Enligt framkomna resultat från korrelationsanalysen kunde hypotesen om att det finns ett samband mellan kassaflöde och innovationsnivå i ett land inte förkastas.

Avec l’émergence de la technologie en champ proche (NFC), le terminal mobile est devenu un véritable instrument de paiement sans contact. Ce type de système constitue une nouvelle opportunité pour relancer les systèmes de paiement électronique (SPE) destinés aux micropaiements. L’objectif de cette recherche est de développer un modèle et des instruments de mesure permettant d’appréhender et de cerner les facteurs influençant l’acceptation de ces systèmes. En se basant sur les paradigmes de l’acceptation des technologies et les travaux de recherche autour des SPE, nous avons développé un modèle conceptuel qui intègre à la fois la TUAUT et l’ATT. Notre modèle permet à la fois de tenir compte des stratégies d’adoption des individus et de leur intention d’adoption. En effet, l’utilité perçue, la facilité d’utilisation perçue et les conditions facilitatrices ne sont plus suffisantes pour qu’une technologie soit adoptée. Il faut désormais que les caractéristiques de cette technologie conviennent et répondent aux caractéristiques et aux exigences de la tâche qu’elle va supporter. Nos résultats ont été mesurés et validés à l’aide d’une analyse par équations structurelles des données collectées auprès d’un échantillon de 629 individus / With the emergence of near-field technology (NFC), mobile terminal have become a true instrument of contactless payment. This type of system is a new opportunity to boost the electronic payment systems (EPS) for the micropayment. The objective of this research is to develop a model and measurement tools to handle and to identify factors influencing the acceptance of these systems. Based on the paradigms of the acceptance of technology and research around the SPE, we have developed a conceptual model which integrates the UTAUT and TTF. This model allows both to consider the adoption strategies of individuals and their intention to adopt. Indeed, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and facilitating conditions are no longer sufficient for a technology to be adopted. The capabilities of this technology have to match the tasks that the user will perform. Our result have been measured and validated thanks to structural equations analysis of data collected from a sample of 629 individuals

Bakalauro baigiamajame darbe nagrinėjama Lietuvoje veikiančių komercinių bankų elektroninės bankininkystės paslaugos 2006 – 2010 m. laikotarpiu. Pirmoje darbo dalyje pateikiami teoriniai elektroninės bankininkystės aspektai. Antroje darbo dalyje atlikta elektroninės bankininkystės paslaugų analizė: nustatyta, jog bankų pajamų iš elektroninės bankininkystės paslaugų rodikliai buvo pasiskirstę gana netolygiai; elektroninės bankininkystės vartotojų skaičius visuose bankuose didėja. Negrynųjų pinigų atsiskaitymus palyginus su grynųjų pinigų atsiskaitymais nustatyta, jog negrynieji pinigai labiausiai yra naudojami didelės sumos operacijoms atlikti. Atlikus mokėjimo kortelių operacijų įvertinimą nustatyta, jog Lietuvos vartotojai 2006 – 2010 m. buvo linkę atsiskaitinėti grynaisiais pinigais, tačiau ši tendencija ateityje turėtų pasikeisti. Koreliacinės – regresinės analizės metu nustatyta, jog negrynųjų pinigų atsiskaitymų ryšys su grynųjų pinigų atsiskaitymais yra atvirkštinis, o negrynųjų pinigų atsiskaitymų ir šalies BVP – tiesioginis. Atlikus elektroninės bankininkystės perspektyvų vertinimą, nustatyta, jog elektroninė bankininkystė Lietuvoje ir toliau plėsis. / Bachelor final work examines e-banking services of the commercial banks operating in Lithuania, for the period of year 2006 – 2010. The first part presents the theoretical aspects of electronic banking. The second part of the work presents the carried out analysis of electronic banking services: the figures of established banking income from electronic banking services were quite unevenly distributed; the number of users of electronic banking is increasing for all banks. Non-cash payments were compared to the cash payments, which showed that most non-cash money is used for transactions of large sums of money. The evaluation of payment card operations showed that residents of Lithuania in period of year 2006 – 2010 tended to pay with cash, but this trend should change in the future. The correlation – regression analysis showed that there is inverse relation between non-cash payments and cash payments and direct relation between non-cash payments and Lithuanian’s GDP. The qualitative assessment of prospects for online banking showed that e-banking in Lithuania continues to grow.

Bakalauro baigiamajame darbe analizuojamos elektroninės bankininkystės paslaugos Lietuvoje, lyginant jas su Europos Sąjungos valstybėmis, JAV, PAR, Rusija, Kinija, Brazilija, Australija. Pirmoje darbo dalyje pateikiami teoriniai elektroninės bankininkystės aspektai: rūšys, priemonės, privalumai ir trūkumai. Antroje darbo dalyje atlikta Lietuvos ir pasirinktų pasaulio valstybių elektroninės bankininkystės paslaugų palyginamoji analizė. Remiantis negrynųjų pinigų atsiskaitymus, mokėjimo korteles, bankomatus apibūdinančiais rodikliais nustatyta, jog Lietuva gali pasigirti panašia elektroninės bankininkystės priemonių kiekio struktūra, tačiau pagal vertines atliekamų operacijų elektroninėje erdvėje išraiškas Lietuva atsiduria žemiausiose pozicijose analizuojamų valstybių kontekste. Koreliacinės-regresinės analizės metu nustatyta, jog negrynųjų pinigų atsiskaitymus Lietuvoje lemia vidutinis mėnesinis darbo užmokestis, bedarbių skaičius, mokėjimo kortelių skaičius šalyje, infliacija, grynųjų pinigų išėmimo operacijų bankomatuose vertė. Atlikus elektroninės bankininkystės perspektyvų vertinimą nustatyta, kad elektroninė bankininkystė Lietuvoje ir toliau plėsis: daugės elektroninės bankininkystės vartotojų, modernės vartotojų aptarnavimo ir apsaugos platformos elektroninėje erdvėje. / Bachelor final work examines e-banking services of the commercial banks operating in Lithuania and compared with EU countries, USA, South Africa, Russia, China, Brazil and Australia. The first part represent the theoretical aspects of electronic banking: sorts, devices, advantages and disadvantages. The second part of the work represent the carried out analysis of electronic banking service in Lithuania and other selected countries. Based on cashless payments, payment cards, ATMs describing indicators, Lithuania is very similar with other countries in e-banking devices using but in cashless payments operations values Lithuania is at the lowest positions in the context of the analysed countries. The correlation-regression analyse showed that there are five factors which determine the cashless payments in Lithuania: the average monthly average, the number of unemployed, the number of payment card in country, inflation, cash withdrawals from ATMs value. The qualitative analyse of prospects for e-banking showed that e-banking in Lithuania will grow: the number of e-banking consumers continues to grow, consumers’ service platforms will become more modern and safer.

The encouragement of governments to turn its systems toward cashless societies will likely lead to an emergence of new touristic experiences. The impacts of cashlessness will affect the creation of the purchasing experience in the tourist mind. Sweden is one of the fastest growing economies toward a cashless society, hence, this study will explore the tourist experience in a cashless society and its impacts on the tourist experience by applying hypothesis basing on rational choice theory. The study is based on a survey of data collected via on-site sampling during the Swedish Skiing games: Cross Country World Cup, that is held in Falun, Sweden between 15th-18th of March in 2018.