Thesis (M.A.)--Eastern Illinois University, 1977. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 60-62).

Illustrations not reproduced. The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on January 25, 2010). Thesis advisor: Dr. Kristin Schwain. Includes bibliographical references.

Focusing on the prints of Edgar Degas, Mary Cassatt and Camille Pissarro, my dissertation explores the development of the belle épreuve, or the fine print, in relation to the Impressionist movement. I firstly consider the commercial tactics of the Impressionists in the face of the evolution of the modern art market and the decreasing relevancy of the Salon and expound on previous scholarship by demonstrating how the Impressionists' modes of presentation proved especially conducive to showcasing works on paper and how we might apply observations about the speculative nature of the Impressionists' formal innovations to their prints. Additionally I highlight contemporaneous observations about the heterogeneity of the Impressionist exhibitions that reveal meaningful insights into the nineteenth-century perception of the artists' relationships to each other, thus questioning the tendency to divide the exhibitors into two groups, the Degas-led realists and the Monet-led colorists. Then I consider the printmaking practices of Degas, Cassatt and Pissarro individually, elucidating how each artist's attitudes toward work, craft and business manifest formally in a small selection of examples from their printed oeuvres intended for exhibition or publication. Among the core members of the Impressionist group, Degas, Cassatt and Pissarro represented those most enamored with printmaking, even collaborating to create prints for a never-realized journal during the winter and spring of 1879 and 1880. I posit that the artists' shared compulsions for regular work, fascination with artistic processes, technical flexibility and curiosity and forward-thinking disregard for the traditional hierarchy accorded to media rendered them particularly suited for making rarified, laborious prints. A final factor that connects Degas, Cassatt and Pissarro is that all three artists had complicated relationships with the business of art or the need to sell. The dichotomy of art making versus art marketing manifested itself in their prints. While printmaking as a process implies multiple pulls of an original image for commercial reasons, by emphasizing handicraft through idiosyncratic techniques, Degas, Cassatt and Pissarro accentuated the artistry and labor of their prints. Because of the complicatedness of their practices, printmaking did not turn out to be particularly lucrative for any of them, yet the artists' efforts correlate to a concurrent vogue for intimate exhibitions and works, in terms of both size and technique, and Degas, Cassatt and Pissarro seemingly undertook printmaking with the progressive clientele already established for Impressionism in mind. I thusly connect my discussions of biography and personality to a consideration of Impressionism's relationship to the changing art market of the late nineteenth century, in which facture, as a record of artistic temperament, became a sought-after commodity for collectors of avant-garde art. Despite superficial differences with regard to their subject matter and approaches, an examination of Degas, Cassatt and Pissarro's printmaking practices reveals the assumed draftsmen and the colorists of the New Painting as kindred spirits, for whom the how of art-making proved just as significant as the what and for whom marketing was important but making was vital. The artists' uses of combinations of etching, softground, drypoint and aquatint demonstrates concerns for both design and tone, and each artist accordingly strove to achieve in their prints a balance of personal sensations and decorative artifice.  / Art History

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Edouard Manet, Edgar Degas and Mary Cassatt had unique visions of the Paris Opera House. Thus each artist perceived and portrayed the pageant of fashionable contemporary life at the Opera from diverse perspectives. Manet rendered a singular image of this world, that of a masked ball, which elicits an extraordinary insight into the manners and mores of an era. The focus by Degas on the dancers on stage invites a penetrating look into the spectacle of the performance from exceptional viewpoints. Mary Cassatt's depictions, exclusively of the female spectators in the audience, intimate a serious reflection of her earnest feminist attitudes. / From the costumed revellers in the foyer, to the brilliant presentation on stage to the elegant spectators in the loges, these images inspired by the Opera endure as remarkably distinctive.

Submitted by Kenia Bernini (kenia.bernini@ufpel.edu.br) on 2018-10-23T20:43:31Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Taslins_Ferreira_Herbstrith_Dissertação.pdf: 3014892 bytes, checksum: 344c9e442547134b98da4e5dc2bcc273 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-11-06T18:53:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Taslins_Ferreira_Herbstrith_Dissertação.pdf: 3014892 bytes, checksum: 344c9e442547134b98da4e5dc2bcc273 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-11-06T18:53:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Taslins_Ferreira_Herbstrith_Dissertação.pdf: 3014892 bytes, checksum: 344c9e442547134b98da4e5dc2bcc273 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-06T18:54:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Taslins_Ferreira_Herbstrith_Dissertação.pdf: 3014892 bytes, checksum: 344c9e442547134b98da4e5dc2bcc273 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-16 / Esta dissertação analisa as relações de gênero, história e sociedade, a partir da trajetória de duas mulheres artistas ativamente inseridas no campo da Arte na França no final do século XIX: Mary Cassatt e Camille Claudel. Mary Cassatt (1844-1920) artista estadunidense, passa sua vida adulta em Paris e estabelece conexões com os impressionistas e críticos de arte, alavancando sua produção para além das fronteiras entre os dois países. Camille Claudel (1864-1943), artista francesa, tem uma intensa produção na área da escultura no final do século XIX, alternando referências simbolistas e autorais, em meio a um contexto conturbado junto ao artista Auguste Rodin, com quem produz grande parte de sua vida. Este trabalho tem por objetivo questionar suas trajetórias, obscurecidas em meio a uma historiografia tradicional e em grande parte masculina. Utilizam-se como fontes documentais cartas e biografias, assim como as obras produzidas por elas no período em questão. A metodologia empregada na pesquisa é a análise comparativa das imagens e textos como narrativas, tendo como foco a discussão acerca das categorias do público x privado, propostas por Griselda Pollock (1988), no que diz respeito às diferentes formas como homens e mulheres se locomoviam na França no final do século XIX, e à relação existente entre sexualidade, modernidade e modernismo. Também é referencial da investigação Marcel Detienne (2004) pela possibilidade de se comparar objetos distantes, como a trajetória de duas artistas que viveram em temporalidades distintas apesar de mesma espacialidade, de modo a entender de que forma o protagonismo artístico se deu na trajetória das artistas, em meio a seu papel social e contexto de produção. Nesse sentido, compreendeu-se que ambas inseriram-se no sistema das Artes por intermédio de suas relações pessoais. Ainda que distintas, suas posições sociais influenciaram para que obtivessem espaço em um campo dominado pela masculinidade. Mary Cassatt conheceu o sucesso e o desfrutou o mesmo não aconteceu com Camille Claudel que teve de lidar com uma sociedade com padrões rígidos no que diz respeito ao comportamento de uma mulher independente demais para a época. / This dissertation analyzes the relations of gender, history and society, from the trajectory of two women artists actively inserted in the field of Art in France in the late nineteenth century: Mary Cassatt and Camille Claudel. Mary Cassatt (1844-1920), an American artist, spends her adult life in Paris and establishes connections with the impressionists and critics of art, leveraging her production beyond the borders between the two countries. Camille Claudel (1864-1943), French artist, has an intense production in the area of sculpture in the late nineteenth century, alternating symbolist and authorial references, amidst a troubled context next to the artist Auguste Rodin, with whom he produces much of his life. This work aims to question their trajectories, obscured in the middle of a traditional and largely male historiography. Letters and biographies, as well as the works produced by them in the period in question, are used as documentary sources. The methodology used in the research is the comparative analysis of images and texts as narratives, focusing on the discussion about the categories of the public x private, proposed by Griselda Pollock (1988), regarding the different ways men and women move in France at the end of the nineteenth century, and the relationship between sexuality, modernity and modernism. It is also a reference of the Marcel Detienne (2004) research for the possibility of comparing distant objects, such as the trajectory of two artists who lived in different temporalities despite the same spatiality, in order to understand how the artistic protagonism occurred in the trajectory of the artists, in the midst of its social role and production context. In this sense, it was understood that both were inserted in the system of Arts through their personal relations. Although different, their social positions influenced to obtain space in a field dominated by masculinity. Mary Cassatt knew the success and enjoyed the same did not happen with Camille Claudel who had to deal with a society with rigid standards regarding the behavior of a woman too independent for the time.

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