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Ämnet för denna uppsats är sexuella relationer utanför romantiska förhållanden, med ett annat ord benämnt casual sex. Forskning har skildrat mäns och kvinnors erfarenheter av casual sex som olika och pekat på de negativa konsekvenser praktiken har för kvinnor, samtidigt kan casual sex förstås som ett steg mot kvinnlig frigörelse. Syftet med denna uppsats är därför att närmare undersöka unga kvinnors meningsskapande kring casual sex. För att besvara syftet har sex intervjuer med unga kvinnor i Sverige genomförts, dessa har sedan analyserats med hjälp av studiens teoretiska utgångspunkter. Jag har använt mig av Berger och Luckmanns socialkonstruktionistiska perspektiv, Laclau och Mouffes diskursteoretiska perspektiv och Butlers teori om genusidentitet och den heterosexuella matrisen. Analysen visar hur meningen av casual sex följer ett mönster där det porträtteras som separerat från känslor och närmare personlig relation, men att intervjudeltagarnas egna erfarenheter såväl följer mönstren som bryter mot dem. Maskulin och feminin sexualitet konstrueras diskursivt som motsatser och porträtterar bland annat män som sexdrivna och kvinnor som förhållandeinriktade. Diskurser om casual sex och sexualitet influerar hur kvinnor agerar och förstår sina erfarenheter. Med hjälp av det diskursteoretiska perspektivet förstås dessa som kontingenta och därmed föränderliga. Genom att anta vad de uppfattar som maskulina beteenden och förhållningssätt gör vissa kvinnor en maskuliniserad femininitet och utmanar därmed diskursen om sexualitet, medan diskursen om casual sex som separerat från känslor bekräftas. Utifrån insikten om även denna diskurs kontingens uppenbarar sig också möjligheten att organisera sexuella relationer på annorlunda sätt.

Syftet med föreliggande kvalitativa studie var att undersöka de känslomässiga och relationella upplevelserna av tillfälliga sexuella relationer (TSR) hos kvinnor i vuxenblivande. Studien syftade även till att undersöka upplevelser av förväntningar inom TSR, hur deltagarna förhåller sig till sina upplevelser och vilka faktorer som påverkar den känslomässiga upplevelsen. Sex semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes och analyserades med Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) som analysverktyg. Resultatet utgjordes av tre övergripande teman; Förväntningar i och kännetecken på TSR, Individens förhållningssätt till och påverkan av förväntningar i TSR samt Primära faktorer som påverkar den känslomässiga upplevelsen. Resultatet visade på att det generellt finns en förväntan om att TSR ska vara en känslolös form av relation. Relationen karaktäriseras av en hög grad av ovisshet och otydlighet såväl som frihet. Olika affektregleringsstrategier genom vilka deltagarna förhöll sig till dessa förväntningar och karaktäristika framkom. Deltagarna beskrev även förhållningssätt som antas förstärkas som resultat av rådande könsnormer, däribland en ambivalens mellan olika förväntningar och att ta ett stort socialt- och känslomässigt ansvar. Slutligen beskrevs överensstämmelse mellan vill och får, medvetenhet kring egna upplevelser, autentiskt relaterande och respekt för gränser vara de primära faktorerna som påverkar deltagarnas känslomässiga upplevelse av TSR. / The aim of this qualitative study was to examine the emotional and relational experiences of casual sex relationships (CSR) among women in emerging adulthood. Furthermore, the purpose of this study was to examine expectations within CSR, how the participants cope with their experiences and which factors that affect the emotional experience. Six semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed according to Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) as a method. The analysis resulted in three main themes: Expectations in and characteristics of CSR, The individual´s approach to and influence of CSR and The primary factors affecting the emotional experience. The results showed that there generally is an expectation of CSR to be an emotionless kind of relationship. The relationship is characterized by a high degree of uncertainty and ambiguity as well as freedom. Different strategies used by the participants to cope with these expectations and characteristics emerged. The participants also described approaches which are believed to be a result of the prevailing gender norms, such as an ambivalence between different expectations and a tendency to take a large social- and emotional responsibility. Lastly, the primary factors affecting the participant´s emotional experience of CSR were described in terms of a congruence between want and get, awareness of ones own experiences, authentic relating and respect for boundaries.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-03-24T11:45:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana Bonetti Simão.pdf: 1603825 bytes, checksum: 35c2ed5f70757990b5a59a8eaaafb0e2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-24T11:45:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana Bonetti Simão.pdf: 1603825 bytes, checksum: 35c2ed5f70757990b5a59a8eaaafb0e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-17 / Fundação São Paulo - FUNDASP / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This paper aimed at clarifying what heterosexual men and women understand by sex without commitment. Motivations, attitudes and behaviors associated with this practice were considered as categories of analysis representative of the phenomenon. The theoretical basis is that of Analytical Psychology. The quantitative method was used. The research instrument was a self-completion questionnaire distributed and applied via the internet. The study was attended by 74 women and 61 men aged between 30 and 50 years old, that have completed at least the high school and belong to the social middle class. The analysis of the results showed that, in respect to sex without commitment, men and women share the desire for encounter and pleasure. However, women expectations for the continuity of the relationship differ significantly from those of men. Men tend to seek only transitory relationships significantly more than women. The female participants, in turn, have demonstrated an ambivalence regarding the experience of sex without commitment by stating that they do not create expectations of a stable relationship and at the same time responding that even in casual sex they seek affection sharing and the continuity of the relationship. In addition, the responses of the female group showed a significantly greater involvement with the partner than the male group. The presence of a double standard with respect to social expectations related to each gender was identified. However, even if some traditional roles remain, the results showed adults that signal a change in gender relations favorable to the free expression of a sexuality modulated according to the expectations of contemporaneity / Este trabalho visou elucidar o que homens e mulheres heterossexuais adultos entendem por sexo sem compromisso. Consideraram-se as motivações, atitudes e comportamentos associados a essa prática como categorias de análises representativas do fenômeno. O embasamento teórico é o da Psicologia Analítica. Utilizou-se o método quantitativo e, como instrumento, questionário de autopreenchimento que foi distribuído e aplicado via internet. Participaram da pesquisa 74 mulheres e 61 homens de faixa etária entre 30 e 50 anos, nível de escolaridade médio ou superior e classe social média. A análise dos resultados mostrou que, no sexo sem compromisso, homens e mulheres possuem em comum o desejo pelo encontro e pelo prazer. Todavia, as expectativas femininas pela continuidade do vínculo se diferenciam significativamente das masculinas. Homens tendem a buscar relacionamentos somente passageiros significativamente mais do que as mulheres. Elas, por sua vez, demonstraram uma ambivalência com relação à vivência do sexo sem compromisso ao declararem que não criam expectativas de um relacionamento estável e, ao mesmo tempo, responderem que buscam no sexo casual troca afetiva e formação de vínculo. As respostas do grupo feminino também mostraram haver um envolvimento afetivo com o parceiro significativamente maior do que o demonstrado pelo grupo masculino. Identificou-se a presença de um duplo padrão no que diz respeito às expectativas sociais relativas a cada gênero. Contudo, ainda que subsistam alguns papéis tradicionais, os resultados levantados também evidenciam adultos que sinalizam uma mudança nas relações de gênero favorável à livre expressão de uma sexualidade modulada de acordo com as expectativas da contemporaneidade

<p>HIV poses considerable social and health challenges in South Africa, particularly among young people aged 15-24. Research indicates a strong link between risky sexual behaviour and alcohol and illicit drugs. In the Western Cape drug-related behaviours is a growing concern among young people because of relatively high prevalence rates of drug abuse, particularly methamphetamine. Previous South African studies have tended to focused on the link between substance use and risky sexual behaviour among commercial sex workers. The theoretical approach of this study is the information motivation behavioural skills model. Participants were selected using non-probability sampling of 279 first year students registered for Psychology I at the University of the Western Cape. This study employed a quantitative research approach using a survey design. Results: Forty-six percent of students do not believe that the use of illicit drugs has an impact on a person&rsquo / s sexual behavior. However, the findings also showed that only 45% of students believed that there was a difference between illicit drug users correctly using condoms when compared to non-users. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Conclusion: Prevention is our best and most effective means of decreasing risk-taking behaviours associated with HIV infection. Information is the first line of intervention that is necessary to reduce risk-taking behaviours / however prevention strategies and interventions of risk-taking behaviours should aim to increase motivation and help young people integrate information in a way that it is personally relatable. This is vital to address the inconsistencies between perceptions of risk and the realities of risk-taking behaviour.</p>

<p>HIV poses considerable social and health challenges in South Africa, particularly among young people aged 15-24. Research indicates a strong link between risky sexual behaviour and alcohol and illicit drugs. In the Western Cape drug-related behaviours is a growing concern among young people because of relatively high prevalence rates of drug abuse, particularly methamphetamine. Previous South African studies have tended to focused on the link between substance use and risky sexual behaviour among commercial sex workers. The theoretical approach of this study is the information motivation behavioural skills model. Participants were selected using non-probability sampling of 279 first year students registered for Psychology I at the University of the Western Cape. This study employed a quantitative research approach using a survey design. Results: Forty-six percent of students do not believe that the use of illicit drugs has an impact on a person&rsquo / s sexual behavior. However, the findings also showed that only 45% of students believed that there was a difference between illicit drug users correctly using condoms when compared to non-users. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Conclusion: Prevention is our best and most effective means of decreasing risk-taking behaviours associated with HIV infection. Information is the first line of intervention that is necessary to reduce risk-taking behaviours / however prevention strategies and interventions of risk-taking behaviours should aim to increase motivation and help young people integrate information in a way that it is personally relatable. This is vital to address the inconsistencies between perceptions of risk and the realities of risk-taking behaviour.</p>

Magister Psychologiae - MPsych / Alcohol remains the most commonly abused substance in South Africa and several studies have shown associations between alcohol use and risky sexual behaviours, which pose a risk of HIV infection. Research indicates that the age group of 15-24 years is a high risk group for HIV infection. This study aimed at examining the perceptions of alcohol as a risk factor to HIV infection amoungst a sample of university students.Specifically, this study tested the hypotheses that most students perceive that those who consume alcohol were more likely to engage in unprotected sex, sex with multiple partners, casual sex and transactional sex. The Information Motivation Behavioural(IMB) skills model provided the theoretical framework for the study. Using a quantitative research design, a survey questionnaire was used to collect the data. The sample consisted of 240 first year psychology students (192 females, 48 males). Data analyses indicated support for the hypotheses that alcohol consumption was perceived as high risk for unprotected sex, casual sex and sex with multiple partners. However, the data showed no support for the hypothesis of alcohol increasing the risk of transactional sex. The data also indicated that non-drinkers were more likely to perceive alcohol as a risk factor than drinkers. The recognition by students of alcohol as a risk factor for HIV infection provides an opportunity for raising awareness about safer sex practices at institutions of higher learning in South Africa.

Lorsqu’elle se manifeste publiquement dans la ville, la sexualité est-elle une forme consubstantielle de l’urbanité ? Sur les plans sociologique, historique et urbanistique, quels relations peut-on établir entre cultures urbaines et subcultures sexuelles ? En mêlant apprentissages théoriques et arpentages empiriques, cette thèse parcourt trois terrains exemplaires de tels rapports : les lieux de l’homosexualité masculine, les territoires de la prostitution, les commerces érotico-sexuels à Paris au début des années 2000. La méthode d’enquête combine l’analyse cartographique et l’observation ethnographique en défendant une heuristique du regard et de la description. Sous un angle territorial et macro-géographique, l’analyse met en exergue des processus d’agrégation, de dispersion et de diffusion des pratiques et des lieux, à différents niveaux de visibilité et d’accessibilité. Sous la focale ethnographique, elle décrit comment des « scripts sexuels » s’adaptent à l’environnement urbain et, inversement, comment des architectures dédiées à la sexualité publique altèrent ou reconfigurent les pratiques. Ces interactions singulières entre le spatial et le sexuel sont enfin rassemblées sous quatre registres d’interprétation : écologique, économique, moral et imaginaire. Ce sont également quatre paradigmes pour comprendre comment la ville se conjugue à la sexualité. / Is sexuality, exhibited in public spaces of the city, a consubstantial part of urbanity ? What relationships can we uncover, from a sociological, historical and urbanistic standpoint, between sexual subcultures and urban culture? Mixing theorical examinations and empirical inquiry, the dissertation focuses on three exemplary cases in order to investigate such relationships : male homosexuality in urban places, prostitution areas, and adult business and sex market in early 2000s Paris. The data collection method brings together mapping tools and ethnographic observation, while defending a heuristics of gaze and description. On a geographical scale, the analysis points out processes of aggregation, scattering and diffusion at different levels of visibility and accessibility. From an ethnographic point of view, it describes the ways in which "sexual scripts" get organized in public urban environments and, conversely, the ways in which architecture and urban design dedicated to public sexuality affect these practices. Finally, these particular interactions between space and sex are regrouped under interpretative schemes : ecology, economy, morals and imaginaries. These themes indeed constitute four paradigmatic ways to elucidate the ways in which the city and sexuality mingle.