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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
61

Growing tea in Mississippi

Zhang, Qianwen 13 May 2022 (has links) (PDF)
Tea is the most popular beverage worldwide, second only to water. The United States is the third largest importer of tea in the world, importing a total of about 260 million pounds tea annually. With increased demand for locally sourced food products, questions are raised regarding whether domestic production of tea is feasible. Compared to major tea producing countries with centuries of growing history, tea production in the U.S. is limited and requires research support in many aspects of tea production. The objectives of this study were to investigate plant growth, leaf morphology, and seasonal chemical compositions in tea leaves of nine tea cultivars grown in Mississippi, United States; evaluate the effects of black, blue and red shade nets on plant growth and seasonal leaf quality of tea plants; and investigate the content of mineral nutrients in tea leaves of different cultivars and one cultivar under different colors of shade nets. The nine tested tea cultivars varied in plant growth, leaf morphology, cold tolerance, biochemical composition [including soluble solids, carbohydrates, total polyphenols (TP), free amino acids (AA), L-theanine, and caffeine], and mineral content in tea leaves. Among all cultivars transplanted to the field from one-gallon containers in spring 2017, ‘BL2’ had the greatest plant growth index (PGI) when measured in Feb. 2018 and Feb. 2019, which may be helpful toward suppressing weeds and early establishment of a tea plantation. ‘Christine’s Choice’ had the highest content of nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, zinc, iron, and boron, and the second highest content of potassium, calcium, and magnesium. The cultivars evaluated in this study generally adapted well to the local environment. All tea samples collected from the nine cultivars and three seasons were considered suitable for green tea processing with low total polyphenol to free amino acids ratios (TP/AA) ranging from 1.72 to 3.71. When compared to unshaded control, black, blue, and red shade nets increased PGI, net photosynthetic rate, and stomatal conductance, decreased N content in tea leaves, decreased air and leaf surface temperatures in summer and reduced cold damage in winter. Red shade nets were considered helpful for improving green tea quality by increasing the content of L-theanine and free amino acids in tea leaves collected in spring and fall compared to unshaded control.
62

Avaliação in vitro e in vivo da atividade fotoquimioprotetora da fração de Byrsonima crassifolia e da (+)-catequina contra os danos induzidos pela radiação UVB / In vitro and in vivo evaluation of photochemoprotective activity of Byrsonima crassifolia fraction and (+) catechin against the damages induced by UVB radiation

Souza, Rebeca Oliveira de 02 April 2015 (has links)
A pele é o maior tecido do corpo humano e está constantemente exposta a inúmeros agentes nocivos, dentre os quais se destaca a radiação ultravioleta (RUV), que está relacionada aos fotodanos do DNA, geração de espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs) e ativação de mediadores do processo inflamatório. Nestas circunstâncias, mesmo possuindo um sistema de defesa antioxidante, a pele é submetida ao estresse oxidativo devido ao aumento da concentração de radicais livres, o que rompe o equilíbrio próoxidante/ antioxidante. Neste contexto, as substâncias naturais tem sido frequentemente empregadas como ferramenta para enriquecer o sistema protetor cutâneo endógeno, reduzindo, dessa forma, os danos oxidativos causados pela RUV na pele. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito fotoquimioprotetor in vitro e in vivo da fração de média polaridade de Byrsonima crassifolia (BC) e da (+) catequina (CAT), em cultura de queratinócitos humanos e em camundongos sem pelos submetidos à radiação UVB. Comparado ao extrato purificado, a fração de BC apresentou elevada atividade antioxidante in vitro e maiores teores de polifenóis totais e de compostos fenólicos: (+) catequina (255 ± 3,2mg/g de fração), (-) epigalocatequina-3-galato (26 ± 1,68mg/g de fração) e quercetina 3-O-?-D-glicopiranosídeo (12 ± 0,09mg/g de fração). A formulação gel adicionada da fração de BC (1%) proporcionou maior liberação dos compostos fenólicos na pele de orelha de porco do que a formulação emulgel e a CAT foi o composto fenólico majoritário quantificado na epiderme viável da pele de orelha de porco (21,72 ± 5,2?g/cm2). Dessa forma, a formulação gel (1%) adicionada da fração de BC ou CAT foi avaliada também quanto à penetração cutânea in vivo. Na epiderme viável da pele dos camundongos sem pelos detectou-se os compostos fenólicos da fração de BC, bem como a CAT. A avaliação fotoquimioprotetora da fração de BC e da CAT em cultura de queratinócitos demonstrou que ambas as amostras foram capazes de inibir a peroxidação lipídica, a secreção da IL-6 e a redução do NF?B/p65 no citoplasma induzidos pela radiação UVB. Em relação à atividade fotoquimioprotetora in vivo, a fração de BC e CAT foram capazes de evitar/diminuir a depleção dos níveis de GSH, o infiltrado inflamatório e a secreção das citocinas IL-1? e IL-6 induzidos pela radiação UVB. Por outro lado, somente a fração de BC foi capaz de inibir a atividade/secreção da metaloproteinase MMP-9, o que demonstra uma potente atividade fotoquimioprotetora e sugere que o efeito da fração vegetal pode ser superior ao do padrão (+) CAT, já que a fração é composta por uma mistura complexa de substâncias capazes de potenciar a ação dos polifenóis. Estes resultados são promissores e apontam para o uso da fração de BC e da CAT na prevenção/tratamento dos danos induzidos pela radiação UVB na pele. / The skin is the largest tissue of the human body and it is constantly exposed to several harmful agents, such as the ultraviolet radiation (UVR), which is related to the DNA photodamage, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of inflammatory mediators. In these circumstances, even having an antioxidant defense system, the skin is exposed to oxidative stress due to the increase of free radicals concentration, which changes the pro oxidant / antioxidant equilibrium. In this context, natural substances have frequently been employed as a tool to improve the skin´s endogenous protective system, which ultimately decreases the oxidative damage caused by UVR on the skin. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate in vitro and in vivo photochemoprotective effect of Byrsonima crassifolia (BC) fraction and (+) catechin (CAT) in human keratinocytes culture and hairless mouse against UVB radiation. If compared to the extract, BC fraction showed higher in vitro antioxidant activity and higher total polyphenols content and phenolic compounds: (+) catechin (255 ± 3.2 mg / g fraction), (- ) epigallocatechin-3-gallate (26 ± 1.68 mg / g of fraction) and quercetin 3- O-?-D-glucopyranoside (12 ± 0.09 mg / g of fraction). The gel formulation containing to the BC fraction (1%) provided higher release of phenolic compounds on pig ear skin than the emulgel formulation. It was demonstrated that CAT was the major phenolic compound quantified in the viable epidermis (21.72 ± 5,2?g / cm2).Thus, BC fraction or CAT were incorporated the gel formulation (1%) and in vivo skin penetration was evaluated. On the viable epidermis of mice hairless it was detected the phenolic compounds of the BC fraction, as well as CAT compound. Photochemoprotector evaluation in keratinocytes cell culture showed that both BC fraction and CAT were able to inhibit lipid peroxidation and to decrease the secretion of IL-6 and NF?B / p65 transcription in the cytoplasm. Regarding the in vivo functional activity, BC fraction and CAT were able to prevent/reduce the depletion of GSH levels, the inflammatory infiltrate and IL-1? and IL-6 secretion induced by UVB radiation. On the other hand, only the BC fraction was able to inhibit the activity/secretion of matrix metalloproteinase MMP-9, which illustrate its strong photochemoprotector activity and suggests that the plant fraction effect can be superior to the standard. It can be explained by the fact that the fraction is a complex sample in which several substances are present and these substances can enhance the polyphenol activity. These results are promising and suggest the use of BC fraction and CAT in the prevention/treatment of the damages induced by UVB radiation in the skin.
63

Boron-doped Diamond Sensors for the Determination of Organic Compounds in Aqueous Media

Hess, Euodia January 2010 (has links)
<p>In electrochemical oxidation treatment of wastewater, the electrode material is an important parameter in optimizing oxidative electrochemical processes, since the mechanism and products of several anodic reactions are known to depend on the anode material. The electrochemical oxidation of benzaldehyde, nitrobenzene and m-cresol on bare boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode was investigated. Cytochrome c was then electrochemically immobilsed onto the functionalized BDD electrode by cyclic voltammetry. Oxidation and reduction reaction mechanism of each flavonoid was studied. There was one oxidation and reduction peaks for quercitin and catechin respectively, and two oxidation and two reduction peaks for rutin. The cytochrome c modified BDD electrode showed good sensitivity for all three flavonoids and low detection limits i.e. 0.42 to 11.24 M as evaluated at oxidation and reduction peaks, respectively.</p>
64

Effect of Thermal Processing and Pressure Assisted Thermal Processing (PATP) on the Flavor Profile of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA)-Enriched Milk

Leal Davila, Metzeri Unknown Date
No description available.
65

Boron-doped Diamond Sensors for the Determination of Organic Compounds in Aqueous Media

Hess, Euodia January 2010 (has links)
<p>In electrochemical oxidation treatment of wastewater, the electrode material is an important parameter in optimizing oxidative electrochemical processes, since the mechanism and products of several anodic reactions are known to depend on the anode material. The electrochemical oxidation of benzaldehyde, nitrobenzene and m-cresol on bare boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode was investigated. Cytochrome c was then electrochemically immobilsed onto the functionalized BDD electrode by cyclic voltammetry. Oxidation and reduction reaction mechanism of each flavonoid was studied. There was one oxidation and reduction peaks for quercitin and catechin respectively, and two oxidation and two reduction peaks for rutin. The cytochrome c modified BDD electrode showed good sensitivity for all three flavonoids and low detection limits i.e. 0.42 to 11.24 M as evaluated at oxidation and reduction peaks, respectively.</p>
66

Major tea catechin inhibits dendritic cell maturation in response to microbial stimulation

Rogers, James L. January 2007 (has links)
Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of South Florida, 2007. / Title from PDF of title page. Document formatted into pages; contains 90 pages. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references.
67

Major tea catechin inhibits dendritic cell maturation in response to microbial stimulation /

Rogers, James L. January 2007 (has links)
Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of South Florida, 2007. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 70-84). Also available online.
68

Boron-doped Diamond Sensors for the Determination of Organic Compounds in Aqueous Media

Hess, Euodia January 2010 (has links)
Magister Scientiae - MSc / In electrochemical oxidation treatment of wastewater, the electrode material is an important parameter in optimizing oxidative electrochemical processes, since the mechanism and products of several anodic reactions are known to depend on the anode material. The electrochemical oxidation of benzaldehyde, nitrobenzene and m-cresol on bare boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode was investigated. Cytochrome c was then electrochemically immobilsed onto the functionalized BDD electrode by cyclic voltammetry. Oxidation and reduction reaction mechanism of each flavonoid was studied. There was one oxidation and reduction peaks for quercitin and catechin respectively, and two oxidation and two reduction peaks for rutin. The cytochrome c modified BDD electrode showed good sensitivity for all three flavonoids and low detection limits i.e. 0.42 to 11.24 M as evaluated at oxidation and reduction peaks, respectively. / South Africa
69

Neutralização de atividades biológicas das peçonhas de serpentes botrópicas pelo extrato aquoso e compostos isolados de Schizolobium parahyba (FABACEAE)

Vale, Luis Henrique Ferreira do 10 May 2007 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / CHAPTER I - The aqueous extract prepared from Schizolobium parahyba (Sp) leaves, a native plant from Mata Atlantica forest (Brazil), was tested to analyze its ability to inhibit some biological and enzymatic activities induced by Bothrops alternatus and Bothrops moojeni snake venoms. Sp chromatography in Sephadex LH 20 resulted in 3 fractions: F1 (methanolic fraction); F2 (methanol:water fraction, 1:1 v/v); and F3 (aqueous fraction). These fractions were analyzed in terms of its capacity of inhibit the venoms fibrinogenolytic activity. Sp inhibited 100% of lethality, blood incoagulability, hemorrhagic and indirect hemolytic activities for a 1:10 ratio (venom/extract, w/w), and coagulant activity in a 1:5 ratio (venom/extract, w/w) induced by venoms. Venoms fibrinogenolytic activity were also neutralized by Sp in a 1:10 ratio, resulting in total protection of B&#946; chain and partial protection for the fibrinogen A&#945; chain. However, larger ratios of extract/proteins have caused a complete vanishing of all fibrinogen chains possibly caused by Sp precipitation. Interaction tests have demonstrated that for certain extract/proteins ratios Sp precipitates proteins non-specifically suggesting the presence of tannins, which are very likely responsible for the excellent inhibiting effects of the analyzed ophidian activities. Therefore, the fractioning of Sp was carried out aiming at separating these compounds that mask the obtained results. F1 inhibited 100% the venom fibrinogenolytic activity without presenting protein precipitation effect; F2 demonstrated only partial inhibition of these venoms activities. Finally, F3 did not inhibit fibrinogen proteolysis, but presented strong protein precipitating action. We conclude that Sp, together with tannins, also contains other compounds which can present specific toxin inhibition action of snake venoms. CHAPTER II - Do extrato aquoso liofilizado das folhas de Schizolobium parahyba foram isolados quatro compostos ativos, isoquercitrina, miricetina-3-O-glicosídeo, catequina e galocatequina, por cromatografia em Sephadex LH 20 seguido de HPLC semipreparativo em coluna C-18 e identificados por RMN do 1H e 13C. Essa é a primeira vez que estas substâncias são relatadas nesta espécie assim como suas atividades antiofídicas. Após isolamento foram todas testadas frente a atividade hemorrágica e fibrinogenolítica da peçonha de Bothrops alternatus (Bal). Na proporção 1:30 (Peçonha/fração, m/m) a isoquercitrina inibiu parcialmente a atividade hemorrágica; a miricetina-3-O-glicosideo e a catequina não foram capazes de inibir a hemorragia induzida pela Bal e a galocatequina, por sua vez, apresentou uma eficiente neutralização desta atividade da peçonha. Na proporção de 1:100 (Peçonha/fração, m/m) ficou evidenciado o efeito de inibição total da ação fibrinogenolítica da peçonha pela miricetina-3-O-glicosideo; a isoquercitrina não protegeu a proteólise da cadeia A&#945; do fibrinogênio e inibiu parcialmente a degradação da cadeia B&#946; enquanto a catequina e a galocatequina inibiram parcialmente a degradação da cadeia A&#945; e totalmente a da cadeia B&#946;. Dessa forma concluímos que a galocatequina e a miricetina-3-O-glicosideo são excelentes inibidores de toxinas hemorrágicas e fibrinogenolíticas respectivamente. Estudos vindouros como o de modelagem molecular e cristalização de raio-X usando toxinas isoladas e estas substâncias poderão ser de grande importância para o desenho de novas drogas auxiliares do tratamento com soro antiofídico ou para melhor elucidação da relação estruturafunção das toxinas destes venenos. / CAPÍTULO I - O extrato aquoso preparado das folhas de Schizolobium parahyba (Sp), uma planta nativa da Mata Atlântica (Brasil), foi testado para avaliar sua habilidade de inibir algumas atividades biológicas e enzimáticas induzidas pelas peçonhas brutas de Bothrops alternatus e Bothrops moojeni. Cromatografia de Sp em coluna de Sephadex LH 20 resultou em 3 frações: F1 (fração metanólica); F2 (fração metanol : água, 1:1 v/v) e F3 (fração aquosa). Estas frações foram analisadas quanto a capacidade de inibir a atividade Fibrinogenolítica das peçonhas. Sp inibiu em 100% a letalidade, a incoagulabilidade sanguínea, a atividade hemorrágica e hemolítica indireta na proporção de 1:10 (peçonha/extrato, m/m) e atividade coagulante na proporção de 1:5 (peçonha/extrato, m/m) induzidas pelas peçonhas. A atividade fibrinogenolítica das peçonhas também foi neutralizada por Sp na proporção de 1:10, resultando em proteção total da cadeia B&#946; e parcial da A&#945; do fibrinogênio. No entanto, proporções maiores de peçonha/extrato mostraram desaparecimento de todas as cadeias do fibrinogênio numa possível precipitação causada por Sp. Os testes de interação extrato/proteínas demonstraram que em determinadas proporções de extrato/proteínas Sp precipita proteínas inespecificamente, sugerindo a presença de taninos, os quais muito provavelmente são os responsáveis pelo excelente efeito inibidor das atividades ofídicas analisadas. Assim, com o intuito de separar estes componentes que mascaram os resultados obtidos, foi realizado o fracionamento de Sp. F1 inibiu em 100% a atividade fibrinogenolítica das peçonhas e não apresentou efeito de precipitação de proteínas; F2 demonstrou inibição parcial desta atividade das peçonhas e F3 não inibiu a proteólise do fibrinogênio, mas apresentou forte ação precipitante de proteínas. Concluímos, assim que Sp, além de taninos, também contém outros compostos e que estes podem apresentar ação específica de inibição de toxinas de peçonhas de serpentes. CAPÍTULO II - Do extrato aquoso liofilizado das folhas de Schizolobium parahyba foram isolados quatro compostos ativos, isoquercitrina, miricetina-3-O-glicosídeo, catequina e galocatequina, por cromatografia em Sephadex LH 20 seguido de HPLC semipreparativo em coluna C-18 e identificados por RMN do 1H e 13C. Essa é a primeira vez que estas substâncias são relatadas nesta espécie assim como suas atividades antiofídicas. Após isolamento foram todas testadas frente a atividade hemorrágica e fibrinogenolítica da peçonha de Bothrops alternatus (Bal). Na proporção 1:30 (Peçonha/fração, m/m) a isoquercitrina inibiu parcialmente a atividade hemorrágica; a miricetina-3-O-glicosideo e a catequina não foram capazes de inibir a hemorragia induzida pela Bal e a galocatequina, por sua vez, apresentou uma eficiente neutralização desta atividade da peçonha. Na proporção de 1:100 (Peçonha/fração, m/m) ficou evidenciado o efeito de inibição total da ação fibrinogenolítica da peçonha pela miricetina-3-O-glicosideo; a isoquercitrina não protegeu a proteólise da cadeia A&#945; do fibrinogênio e inibiu parcialmente a degradação da cadeia B&#946; enquanto a catequina e a galocatequina inibiram parcialmente a degradação da cadeia A&#945; e totalmente a da cadeia B&#946;. Dessa forma concluímos que a galocatequina e a miricetina-3-O-glicosideo são excelentes inibidores de toxinas hemorrágicas e fibrinogenolíticas respectivamente. Estudos vindouros como o de modelagem molecular e cristalização de raio-X usando toxinas isoladas e estas substâncias poderão ser de grande importância para o desenho de novas drogas auxiliares do tratamento com soro antiofídico ou para melhor elucidação da relação estruturafunção das toxinas destes venenos. / Mestre em Genética e Bioquímica
70

Modification chimique des extractibles de bois : application à la protection du bois et des matériaux métalliques / Chemical modification of wood extractives : Application to the protection of wood and metal materials

Sahmim, Wissem 20 December 2018 (has links)
Dans ce cadre de cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à la conception, à la synthèse et à la caractérisation des propriétés physicochimiques de dérivés lipophiles d’extractibles du bois. Nous avons ainsi envisagé de modifier la structure de trois flavonoïdes dont la ressource est importante à partir de différentes essences de bois : la catéchine, le mesquitol et la naringénine pour incorporer des fonctionnalités supplémentaires. Les applications visées ici concernent principalement la protection des matériaux, en l’occurrence le bois et les métaux corrodables. En ce qui concerne la préservation du bois, il semble possible d’envisager différentes stratégies pour inhiber l’action de dégradation des champignons sur le bois. L’imprégnation des composés antioxydant tels que les polyphénols dans le bois, seuls ou en association avec un biocide pour agir en synergie, permet de limiter les effets des radicaux ou autres oxydants utilisés et générés par les pourritures, L’objectif de la modification structurale est ici d’augmenter leur hydrophobie pour limiter leur lessivage en cas d’utilisation du matériau en conditions extérieures. La deuxième application visée est la protection des matériaux métalliques. En effet, l’utilisation des produits antioxydants naturels comme inhibiteur de corrosion permet de substituer les inhibiteurs inorganiques ou les molécules organiques d’origine pétrochimique (polyamines, Imidazole…), car leur production est coûteuse et elles sont issues de ressources non renouvelables. Le greffage d’une chaîne hydrocarbonée hydrophobe sur des polyphénols ayant des propriétés antioxydantes permet d’obtenir un film protecteur sur le matériau / Within the framework of this thesis, we are interested in the design, synthesis and characterization of the physicochemical properties of lipophilic derivatives of wood extractives. We have thus considered modifying the structure of three flavonoids whose resource is important from different wood species: catechin, mesquitol and naringenin to incorporate additional functionalities. The applications reported here mainly deal with the protection of materials like wood and corrodible metals. With respect to wood preservation, it seems possible to consider different strategies to inhibit the wood degradation related to fungi on wood. Impregnation of antioxidant compounds such as lipophilic polyphenols on wood can limit the effects of radicals or other oxidants used and generated by rots. The second intended application is the protection of metallic materials. Indeed, the use of natural antioxidants as a corrosion inhibitor replace inorganic inhibitors or organic molecules (polyamines, imidazole...), because their production is expensive and toxic. The grafting of a hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain on polyphenols which have antioxidant properties allows the formation of protective films on the material

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