FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / Na segunda metade do sÃculo XIX, a indÃstria pastoril cearense passou a ser descrita como selvagem, bravia, rotineira e entregue Ãs forÃas da natureza. As crÃticas produzidas por polÃticos, viajantes, naturalistas, intelectuais, denunciavam o âatrasoâ das prÃticas pastoris, a destruiÃÃo da natureza provocada pelos processos tradicionais, a ausÃncia de trabalho sistematizado, a dependÃncia da natureza, e pregavam a necessidade de modernizaÃÃo do modelo pastoril, com vistas ao progresso econÃmico e ao futuro polÃtico do CearÃ. Confiantes na ciÃncia, na tÃcnica e no mercado capitalista como elementos instituidores de progresso, os crÃticos da pecuÃria pregavam a classificaÃÃo das espÃcies de gado, observaÃÃo dos ciclos reprodutivos dos animais, interferÃncia nos cruzamentos, observaÃÃo dos solos, do clima e da vegetaÃÃo, a aclimataÃÃo de espÃcies exÃticas. O estabelecimento de novas relaÃÃes com os recursos naturais necessÃrios ao gado tambÃm estava na pauta dos discursos, que em alguns momentos denunciavam a prÃtica de queimada dos pastos, a derrubada de Ãrvores, a âignorÃnciaâ dos criadores em relaÃÃo ao potencial da natureza dos sertÃes cearenses. Esta pesquisa pretende compreender a formaÃÃo de um discurso que colocou a pecuÃria cearense entre o atraso e a modernizaÃÃo e discutir a emergÃncia do que temos chamado de invenÃÃo da pecuÃria semi-selvagem. As categorias espaÃo de experiÃncia e horizonte de expectativa (Reinhart Koselleck) nos permitem discutir os usos do tempo na elaboraÃÃo dos discursos do atraso e da modernizaÃÃo dos mÃtodos de criaÃÃo no CearÃ. RelatÃrios de presidentes de provÃncia, jornais, obras impressas, diÃrios de viagens e textos literÃrios compÃem o conjunto de fontes utilizadas nesta pesquisa. / In the second half of the 20th century, the pastoral industry in Cearà started to be described as wild, commonplace and dependent on the forces of nature. The criticisms made by politicians, travelers, naturalists and intellectuals condemned the delay in the pastoral practices, the destruction of nature caused by the traditional processes, the absence of systematized work, the dependence on nature, and defended the necessity of modernization of the pastoral model, aiming at the economic progress and the political future of CearÃ. Trusting in science, in techniques and in the capitalist market as elements that institute progress, the critics of cattle breeding defended the classification of cattle species, the observation of the animals, reproductive cycles, interference in mating, observation of the soil, weather and vegetation, the acclimatization of exotic species. The establishment of new relations between natural resources which are necessary to the cattle were also approached in those speeches, which in some moments condemned the practice of burning pastures, the removal of trees and the ignorance of farmers with relation to natureâs potential in CearÃâs countryside. This research aims at comprehending the construction of a speech which has put cattle breeding in Cearà between delay and modernization and also at discussing the emergency of what we have called an invention of the semi-wild pastoral activity. The categories âspace of experienceâ and âhorizons of expectationâ (Reinhart Koselleck) allows us to discuss the uses of time in the elaboration of the speeches of delay and modernization in the cattle breeding methods in CearÃ. Reports made by presidents of provinces, newspapers, printed works, travel journals and literary texts compose the sources utilized in this research.

O trabalho identificou e priorizou por impacto os principais riscos do sistema de cria em pecuária de corte, a partir da percepção de produtores rurais da microrregião da Campanha Meridional, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Para a priorização foram utilizados os métodos de análise qualitativa, matriz ranking, árvore de problema e processo de análise hierárquica (AHP). Com a identificação foram priorizados 45 riscos e classificados quanto a sua origem e natureza, organizados dentro de nove grupos de acordo com a orientação de consultores públicos e privados, acadêmicos e pela literatura. Os baixos índices reprodutivos e a lotação em excesso foram identificados como os riscos mais impactantes no retorno econômico da atividade de cria. Com relação à probabilidade de ocorrência as péssimas condições das estradas, a lotação em excesso e o desbalanço do fluxo de caixa da empresa rural foram identificados como riscos mais ocorrentes. A taxa de desmame (TD) obteve maior peso de importância na análise hierárquica, o que significa que os produtores avaliam a TD, em relações a outros riscos, como a mais influente no retorno econômico da atividade. A identificação e a priorização dos riscos auxiliam na tomada de decisão do produtor rural por apresentar a dimensão do impacto, probabilidade e dependência do risco no sistema, dessa forma contribui para ações futuras de mitigação ou exclusão dos riscos com finalidade de evitar ou minimizar as perdas produtivas e econômicas da produção. / The study identified and prioritized according to its impact the main risks for the cow-calf system in beef cattle production based on the observation of farmers in the region of the Southern Campanha, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. In order to prioritize, the methods of qualitative analysis were used, ranking matrix, problem tree and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Together with the identification, 45 risks were prioritized and classified according to their origin and nature, divided into nine groups by both the public and private experts, academic consultants’ opinion and literature. Low reproductive rates and high stocking rate were identified as the ones with higher impact over the economic results in the cow-calf system activity. The badly maintained roads, high stocking rate and the unbalance of the rural company cash flow were appointed as most probable risk factors. Weaning rate (WR) was the strongest factor in the hierarchical analysis, which means that producers evaluate the WR in relation to other risk factors as the most influential in the economical return of that activity. Identification and prioritization of risk factors help farmers to decide to present the impact range, probability and dependence of risk in the system, thus contributing to future mitigation actions or risk exclusion, in order to avoid or to minimize production and/or economical losses.

No description available.

The influences of some environmental and genetic factors on the incidence of abnormal test-days in milk-recorded cows enrolled in the Quebec Dairy Herd Analysis Service (QDHAS) was determined in this study. Conditions Affecting Records (CAR) codes, collected monthly by QDHAS's supervisors, are possible explanation for a reduced production in the day of test. For the purpose of this study, CAR codes were used to analyze the incidence of health problems under generalized linear models methodology. Poisson and logistic regression model analyses were able to model the number of cases of abnormal test-days and health problems per lactation. Herd, testing program, parity number, and stage of lactation were important systematic effects included in the analysis. However, calving year, season of calving, and herd production level were not statistically significant in most analysis. Sires significantly differed in the incidence of some health problems of their daughters. Low heritability values, between 0.02 and 0.05, were found showing that most variability was explained by non-genetic factors. Regardless of the low heritability, the genetic variability has been shown to be considerable, suggesting that a significant genetic improvement of the disease resistance is achievable if proper procedures are adopted.

The use of molecular markers to identify quantitative trait loci ( QTL ) affecting economically important traits has become a key approach in animal genetics, both for understanding the genetic basis of these traits and to help design novel breeding programs. The general goal of the present work was to map QTL for economically important traits in beef cattle. Because of the practical limitations of phenotypic selection for meat quality, these traits are ideal candidates for the use of marker - assisted selection. Thus, the thesis specifically focused on carcass and beef quality traits. Six half - sib families were generated by mating six Limousin x Jersey crossbred sires to purebred Jersey or Limousin cows, producing 784 backcross progeny ( 366 and 418 progeny in Australia and New Zealand, respectively ). The six crossbred sires and all the backcross progeny were genotyped for 285 microsatellite markers ( on average 189 informative loci per sire family ) spread across the 29 bovine autosomes. A large number of traits were recorded on backcross progeny. In the first phase of the research, a single - QTL model based on regression interval mapping was used to map QTL for a wide range of economically important traits in the beef industry. Chromosome - wise significant evidence for linkage was found on BTA12 ( P < 0.01 ) and BTA16 ( P < 0.05 ) for age at puberty. Thirteen QTL were found to affect calving ease related traits ( birth weight, pelvic area and gestation length ). BTA11, 14 and 22 were most significant linkage groups affecting calving ease traits. Several genomic regions were linked to the carcass and beef quality traits. The results revealed a major QTL on BTA2 close to the map position of myostatin gene, affecting yield, carcass fatness and beef quality traits. In the second phase, the pleiotropic effects of a myostatin functional SNP on beef traits were studied. There was no association between this myostatin variant and birth weight and growth traits. However, the variant decreased overall fatness, increased muscle mass and improved meat tenderness, thus providing an intermediate and more useful phenotype than the more severe double - muscling phenotype caused by a major deletion in the myostatin gene described by others. In the third phase, a multiple marker analysis approach in the framework of the mixed - effects model was developed, allowing all markers of the entire genome to be included in the analysis simultaneously. Further, exploiting a factor analytic covariance structure for modeling trait by marker or family by marker interaction terms, the approach was extended to the multi - trait and multiple family situations. The simulation study showed that modeling multiple phenotypes and multiple families in a single linkage analysis simultaneously can markedly increase the power to detect QTL, compared to modeling each phenotype or family separately. Finally, the multi - trait multiple QTL approach developed herein was applied to map QTL influencing carcass and meat quality traits. Several pleoitropic QTL and also traitspecific QTL affecting beef traits were mapped, resulting in a useful resource from which fine mapping can be launched for subsequent gene discovery and marker - assisted selection. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?DB=local&Search_Arg=koshkoih+thesis+adelaide&Search_Code=GKEY%5E*&SL=None&CNT=50 / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2007.

The use of molecular markers to identify quantitative trait loci ( QTL ) affecting economically important traits has become a key approach in animal genetics, both for understanding the genetic basis of these traits and to help design novel breeding programs. The general goal of the present work was to map QTL for economically important traits in beef cattle. Because of the practical limitations of phenotypic selection for meat quality, these traits are ideal candidates for the use of marker - assisted selection. Thus, the thesis specifically focused on carcass and beef quality traits. Six half - sib families were generated by mating six Limousin x Jersey crossbred sires to purebred Jersey or Limousin cows, producing 784 backcross progeny ( 366 and 418 progeny in Australia and New Zealand, respectively ). The six crossbred sires and all the backcross progeny were genotyped for 285 microsatellite markers ( on average 189 informative loci per sire family ) spread across the 29 bovine autosomes. A large number of traits were recorded on backcross progeny. In the first phase of the research, a single - QTL model based on regression interval mapping was used to map QTL for a wide range of economically important traits in the beef industry. Chromosome - wise significant evidence for linkage was found on BTA12 ( P < 0.01 ) and BTA16 ( P < 0.05 ) for age at puberty. Thirteen QTL were found to affect calving ease related traits ( birth weight, pelvic area and gestation length ). BTA11, 14 and 22 were most significant linkage groups affecting calving ease traits. Several genomic regions were linked to the carcass and beef quality traits. The results revealed a major QTL on BTA2 close to the map position of myostatin gene, affecting yield, carcass fatness and beef quality traits. In the second phase, the pleiotropic effects of a myostatin functional SNP on beef traits were studied. There was no association between this myostatin variant and birth weight and growth traits. However, the variant decreased overall fatness, increased muscle mass and improved meat tenderness, thus providing an intermediate and more useful phenotype than the more severe double - muscling phenotype caused by a major deletion in the myostatin gene described by others. In the third phase, a multiple marker analysis approach in the framework of the mixed - effects model was developed, allowing all markers of the entire genome to be included in the analysis simultaneously. Further, exploiting a factor analytic covariance structure for modeling trait by marker or family by marker interaction terms, the approach was extended to the multi - trait and multiple family situations. The simulation study showed that modeling multiple phenotypes and multiple families in a single linkage analysis simultaneously can markedly increase the power to detect QTL, compared to modeling each phenotype or family separately. Finally, the multi - trait multiple QTL approach developed herein was applied to map QTL influencing carcass and meat quality traits. Several pleoitropic QTL and also traitspecific QTL affecting beef traits were mapped, resulting in a useful resource from which fine mapping can be launched for subsequent gene discovery and marker - assisted selection. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?DB=local&Search_Arg=koshkoih+thesis+adelaide&Search_Code=GKEY%5E*&SL=None&CNT=50 / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2007.

Thesis (MA) -- Stellenbosch University , 1961. / Please refer to full text for abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-06-11Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:22:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 sirol_mlfg_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 1072564 bytes, checksum: 6ed08e0d4f835b1a9e0ed7d60ba42a2d (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Foram utilizados dados de 116406 bovinos da raça Nelore, participantes do Programa de Melhoramento Genético da Raça Nelore (PMGRN), nascidos entre 1995 e 2005, com o objetivo de estimar parâmetros genéticos para os pesos padronizados aos 120(P120), 210(P210), 365(P365), 450(P450) e 730(P730) dias de idade e para os ganhos em peso do nascimento aos 120(GP120), dos 120 aos 210 (GP210), dos 210 aos 365(GP365), dos 365 aos 450(GP450) e dos 450 aos 730(G730), além de avaliar a tendência genética das características citadas, tanto para efeito direto como materno. Os componentes de variância foram estimados pelo método de máxima verossimilhança restrita utilizando o programa AIREMLF90, sob modelo animal, o qual incluiu como efeitos fixos, os grupos de contemporâneos e idade da vaca ao parto e como aleatórios, efeito genético aditivo direto para todas as características estudadas e efeito genético materno para P120, P210, P365, GP120, GP210 e GP365. As estimativas de herdabilidade direta foram 0,21, 0,22, 0,22, 0,34, 0,28, para cada peso, respectivamente, e 0,19, 0,20, 0,18, 0,18 e 0,20, para os respectivos ganhos em peso. As herdabilidades maternas foram 0,26, 0,25 e 0,12, para P120, P210 e P365 e 0,23, 0,17, 0,12 para GP120, GP210 e GP365. As correlações direto-maternas foram todas negativas, exceto para P365 (0,06). As tendências genéticas diretas foram todas positivas. As tendências maternas foram quase nulas para todas as características. As estimativas de herdabilidade para os pesos padronizados e para os ganhos em peso indicam que a seleção pode promover mudanças genéticas. As herdabilidades maternas para P120, P210, P365 e GP365 indicam que a seleção nestas características pode contribuir para melhorar a habilidade materna do rebanho. Os ganhos genéticos diretos observados, para todas as características estão aquém dos ganhos potenciais da raça Nelore... / Data of 116406 bovines of the Nellore beef cattle, participants of the Programa de Melhoramento Genético da Raça Nelore (PMGRN), been born between 1995 and 2005 were used with the objective to estimate genetic parameters for the 120-days weight (P120), 210-days weight (P210), 365-days weight (P365), 450-days weight (P450) and 730-days weight (P730) and for the weight gain from birth to 120(GP120), from 120 to 210(GP210), from 210 to 365(GP365), from 365 to 450(GP450) and from 450 to 730 days weight(GP730), besides evaluating the genetic trends of the traits, so much for the direct effect as for the maternal. The variance components were estimated by the restricted maximum likelihood method using the program AIREMLF90. The animal model included fixed effects for contemporary groups and age of the dam at calving, and also included random effects for genetic direct effects for all the studied traits and genetic maternal effect for P120, P210, P365, GP120, GP210 and GP365. The estimative of direct heritability were 0,21, 0,22, 0,22, 0,34, 0,28, for each weight, respectively and 0,19, 0,20, 0,18, 0,18 and 0,20, for the respective weight gains. The maternal heritability were 0,26, 0,25 and 0,12, for P120, P210 and P365 and 0,23, 0,17, 0,12 for GP120, GP210 and GP365. The direct-maternal correlations were all negatives except for P365 (0,06). The direct genetic trends were all positive ones. The maternal trends were almost null for all the traits. The estimative of heritability for the adjusted weights and for the weight gains indicated that the selection could promote genetic changes. The maternal heritability for P120, P210, P365 and GP365 indicated that the selection in these traits could contribute to improve the maternal ability of the herd. The direct genetic gain observed, for all the traits were on this side of the potential gain of the Nellore beef cattle... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

No mundo globalizado dos negócios vem à tona a estratégia como elemento-chave na consistência e no processo de tomada de decisões em empresas de diferentes setores da economia. As pesquisas sobre ferramentas gerenciais realizadas pela consultoria Brain & COmpany (HSB, n.6, p.56) coloca o Balanced Scorecard (BSC) entre as 25 ferramentas mais populares nas empresas contemporâneas. O BSC, na verdade, revolucionou o meio empresarial nos últimos anos, favorecendo a análise de resultados além da dimensão financeira, ou seja, sob a ótica também dos processos internos, clientes e do aprendizado e crescimento. As propriedades agropecuárias, por sua vez, também precisam ser administradas de forma efetivamente empresarial com estabelecimento de estratégias que, interligadas com os diferentes sistemas operacionais agrícola e/ou pecuário, favoreçam as mensurações mais eficazes dos resultados, organizando as ações para que ocorra um aumento da produção, da produtividade e da lucratividade. Esta Dissertação de Mestrado relata o estudo de caso sobre a aplicação do BSC em duas fazendas da Fundação Bradesco, localizadas nos municípios de Miranda/MS e Formoso do Araguaia/TO. Como resultados das metas desafiadoras preconizadas no mapa estratégico do BSC dessas fazendas, houve incremento da produtividade do setor pecuário com redução nos índices de mortalidade: 1,31% na bovinocultura de corte, 5,63% na bovinocultura de leite, 1,25% na avicultura, 0,54% na suinocultura. Também houve aumento no rendimento de carcaça dos animais abatidos nessas fazendas: 6% em bovinos de corte, 2,56% em frangos, 1,62% em suínos. Houve ainda redução de 6,33% nos casos de mastite bovina no período analisado. Pela análise dos resultados desse estudo de caso, foi possível concluir que o BSC mostrou-se uma ferramenta eficiente e passível de ser implementada em propriedades agropecuárias na medida em que propiciou alinhamento da estratégia com as operações, resultando na melhoria dos processos gerenciais e produtivos das fazendas analisadas. Pode-se afirmar também que a sua forma de implementação seguiu os princípios preconizados por Kaplan e Norton e não diferiu da forma como já foi adotado com sucesso em empresas dos setores industrial e de serviços. / In world economic business it emerges the strategy as a key element in the consistence and in the process of deciding in companies of different economic sections. Researches about managing tools realized by Brain & COmpany (HSB, n.6, p.56) points that Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is among the twenty-five most popular contemporaneous company. Actually, BSC revolutionizes the business environment in the last years, once it aids the outcomes analysis besides the financial vision, that is, it also supports internal process, clients, learning and development. The agriculture and cattle breeding proprieties also need to be administrated in an effectively business way, establishing strategies which are interlinked with different systems. These interlinked strategies aid effectively to measure the results, organizing actions in order to increase production, productivity, and profitability. So, this thesis mentions a case study about the application of BSC in two Fundação Bradesco’s farms, whose location is in Miranda/MS and Formoso do Araguaia/TO. As outcomes of the challenging goals approved in the strategic BSC map of these farms, it was noticed that there was increasing of productivity in the cattle breeding section with a decreasing of mortality: 1,31% in the cattle for slaughter; 5,63% in the cattle for milk; 1,25% in the aviculture; 0,54% in the swine culture. Furthermore, there was a carcass increasing of killed animals in these farms: 6% in the cattle for slaughter; 2,56% in the chicken; 1,62% in swine. Besides, there was a decreasing of 6,33% in the cases of cattle mastitis in the analyzed period. By the outcomes analyses of this case study, it is possible to conclude that BSC is an efficient tool and it is possible to be implemented in agriculture and cattle breeding proprieties in the way that it provides an arrangement of the strategies together the operations, which results in improvement of the managing and productive processes in the analyzed farms. It is also possible to say that its way of implementation follows the principles approved by Kaplan and Norton, and it was not different of the way as it was already successfully adopted in industrial and service companies.

O trabalho identificou e priorizou por impacto os principais riscos do sistema de cria em pecuária de corte, a partir da percepção de produtores rurais da microrregião da Campanha Meridional, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Para a priorização foram utilizados os métodos de análise qualitativa, matriz ranking, árvore de problema e processo de análise hierárquica (AHP). Com a identificação foram priorizados 45 riscos e classificados quanto a sua origem e natureza, organizados dentro de nove grupos de acordo com a orientação de consultores públicos e privados, acadêmicos e pela literatura. Os baixos índices reprodutivos e a lotação em excesso foram identificados como os riscos mais impactantes no retorno econômico da atividade de cria. Com relação à probabilidade de ocorrência as péssimas condições das estradas, a lotação em excesso e o desbalanço do fluxo de caixa da empresa rural foram identificados como riscos mais ocorrentes. A taxa de desmame (TD) obteve maior peso de importância na análise hierárquica, o que significa que os produtores avaliam a TD, em relações a outros riscos, como a mais influente no retorno econômico da atividade. A identificação e a priorização dos riscos auxiliam na tomada de decisão do produtor rural por apresentar a dimensão do impacto, probabilidade e dependência do risco no sistema, dessa forma contribui para ações futuras de mitigação ou exclusão dos riscos com finalidade de evitar ou minimizar as perdas produtivas e econômicas da produção. / The study identified and prioritized according to its impact the main risks for the cow-calf system in beef cattle production based on the observation of farmers in the region of the Southern Campanha, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. In order to prioritize, the methods of qualitative analysis were used, ranking matrix, problem tree and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Together with the identification, 45 risks were prioritized and classified according to their origin and nature, divided into nine groups by both the public and private experts, academic consultants’ opinion and literature. Low reproductive rates and high stocking rate were identified as the ones with higher impact over the economic results in the cow-calf system activity. The badly maintained roads, high stocking rate and the unbalance of the rural company cash flow were appointed as most probable risk factors. Weaning rate (WR) was the strongest factor in the hierarchical analysis, which means that producers evaluate the WR in relation to other risk factors as the most influential in the economical return of that activity. Identification and prioritization of risk factors help farmers to decide to present the impact range, probability and dependence of risk in the system, thus contributing to future mitigation actions or risk exclusion, in order to avoid or to minimize production and/or economical losses.