Flow and mean residence time in epikarst and unsaturated zone was studied above the Ochoz cave in the Moravian Karst. I studied various flow components with different residence time in unsaturated zone and the influence of soil and epikarst on seepage composition and residence time by means of several methods (longterm monitoring of conductivity, flowrate of seepage and soil water, use of environmental tracers - 18 O, 3 H, CFC and SF6, flow into the soil and detailed sampling during intesive rain events). Seepage sites Kašna in the Rudické propadání cave system and Mapa Republiky in Býčí skála were reference localities in unsaturated zone. For comparison I modeled residence time in saturated zone: at Kaprálka outlet close to the Ochoz cave, at Stará řeka (Rudické propadání) and Konstantní přítok (Amatérská cave). Mean residence time in unsaturated zone above the Ochoz cave reaches 7 - 20 years, while it is only few months in the soil (1 - 8 months, depending on the depth). At Kašna seepage site, the reasidence time is similar to the Ochoz cave - about 18 - 20 years, at Mapa republiky seepage site, it reaches 150s year due to unusual geological settings. Mean residence time in order of 10 - 20 years corresponds to storativity values (0.6 % in average) calculated from parallel water level recession...

A proteção ambiental dos recursos geológicos é uma questão com crescente interesse. A exploração de cavernas é uma das formas de turismo associada a recursos geológicos mais difundida. Por isso, deve-se conhecer suas características ambientais, tais como os climáticas, para definir estratégias de gestão e conservação ambiental associadas a seu uso turístico. Assim, o objetivo geral da pesquisa é detectar as principais alterações microclimáticas ocorridas no ambiente cavernícola em decorrência das visitas turísticas no interior das grutas do PEI, SP. Como objetivos específicos, definiu-se: caracterizar o microclima do ambiente de caverna em condições naturais e elencar características físicas da cavidade que influenciem em seu microclima. A metodologia consistiu na coleta de dados de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar de nove cavidades com registradores autônomos. Também foram registrados os valores de CO2. A variação dos atributos do clima foi analisada em situação natural e na presença de visitantes. Os resultados mostram que o microclima das cavernas tende à estabilidade dos valores de temperatura do ar e apresentam umidade relativa do ar e concentração de gás carbônico elevada. Cavernas com rios caudalosos e claraboias não apresentam impacto em sua atmosfera decorrente do turismo, pois as trocas gasosas com o meio externo são facilitadas. Nas grutas secas e afóticas, com entradas e corredores estreitos, o microclima tende à estabilidade, estando mais sujeito a impactos, especialmente elevações na temperatura do ar. O uso de carbureteira também gera acréscimos significativos nas concentrações de gás carbônico. / The ambient protection of the geologic resources is a question with increasing interest. The caves exploration is one of the geological tourism forms more spread out. Therefore, the characteristics of its ambient must be known, such as the climatic ones, to define strategies of management and ambient conservation associates with its tourist use. Thus, the general objective of this research is to detect the main microclimatic alterations in the cave environment in result of the tourist visits in the interior of grottos of PEI, SP. As specific objective, it was purposed to characterize the cave microclimate in natural conditions and to detect the physics characteristics of the caves that influence in its microclimate. The methodology consisted in collect data of temperature and relative humidity of the air of nine caves with automatic sensors. Also the values of carbonic gas had been registered. The variation of the climatic attributes was analyzed in natural situation and in presence of visitors. The results show that the caves microclimate tends to have stability values of air temperature and present high values of air relative humidity and carbonic gas concentration. Caves with rivers of great volume and skylights do not present impact in its atmosphere, even in the presence or tourists, because the gaseous exchanges with the external way are facilitated. In dry and dark grottos, with narrow entrances and corridors, the microclimate tends to stability, being subject to impacts, especially rises in the air temperature.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:58:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aline Scavazini de Matos Galvao.pdf: 799182 bytes, checksum: b0ae9b94c388ef327ca21328dc62de0f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-26 / The aim of this research is to analyze how the form of the novel works the wandering theme in the novels of José Saramago and Milan Kundera, comparing them to the axis of the characters to answer the following questions: how the exile lived by characters (un)consacrates the image of wanderers? How this can give a new signification to the idea of identity, understood as a product of relation to the country they came from? Some hypothesis raised: the separation of homeland gives to the outcasts a critical and sensitive consciousness about the relationship between people and their land. The novel, as form of the transcendent homelessness, captures the wanderer with a new image and updates his critical view. The essayistic form, in both novels, contributes to the thematic discussion, being a compositional element of the works. As theoretical axis, we stand out the ideas of Lukács, Adorno and Walter Benjamin, as well critical texts of José Saramago and Milan Kundera as fundament to the creation of poetics of the novel. Regarding the wandering theme, we choose the studies of Michel Maffesoli and Édouard Glissant. The comparative method gave us a more in-depth debate about the wandering theme and how the novel forms echoes the contemporary dilemma regarding notions of identity and globalization. / O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar como a forma romanesca opera a temática da errância nas obras de José Saramago e Milan Kundera, comparando-as a partir do eixo das personagens, a fim de responder às seguintes questões: de que modo o desterro, vivenciado pelas personagens, (des)sacraliza a imagem do errante? Como isso pode ressignificar a concepção de identidade, entendida como produto da relação com a terra onde nasceram? Algumas hipóteses foram levantadas: o afastamento da terra natal leva os desterrados a uma consciência crítica e sensível sobre a relação entre o indivíduo e a terra; o romance, como forma do desterro transcendental, apreende o errante em nova imagem e atualiza sua identidade crítica; a questão ensaística, em ambos os romances, contribui para a discussão da temática, ao se apresentar como elemento de composição nas obras. Como eixo teórico sobre o gênero romanesco, destacamos as propostas de Lukács, Adorno e Walter Benjamin, além de utilizarmos textos críticos de José Saramago e Milan Kundera como base para a elaboração de uma poética do romance. Sobre a temática da errância, destacamos os estudos de Michel Maffesoli e Édouard Glissant. A escolha do método comparativo resultou em um aprofundamento da reflexão sobre a temática da errância e sobre a maneira como a forma romanesca reflete os dilemas da contemporaneidade em relação aos conceitos de identidade nacional e globalização

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:58:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Apareceida Rodrigues Alves.pdf: 294294 bytes, checksum: 332da88995b99c0ff9b468033c97d416 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study proposes to investigate the metafictional strategies present in the novel A Caverna, by José Saramago, as well as to demonstrate how the author, using intertextuality, proposes sometimes either the (re)formulation or the (re) affirmation of other people's speeches, building and baring a text that remains on the threshold. To carry out this purpose, the research is organized into three chapters. In the first, entitled "Contemporary Tendencies in Portuguese Literature", we present a brief overview of contemporary Portuguese romance and its main tendencies, as well as the literary journey undertaken by Saramago. Considerations of Miguel Real and Alvaro Cardoso Gomes in the reconstruction of this Portuguese literary scene, and interviews and critical comments about his own work, made by Saramago, were essential in this chapter. In "Discourses on the threshold: between (re)affirmation and the (re)formulation," the second chapter of the study, we discuss the concept of metafiction proposed by Linda Hutcheon and commented by Gustavo Bernardo and present the metafictional strategies employed by the author in the construction of the studied novel and the effects of meaning generated by such employment. The intertextuality the resumption of popular sayings, the Bible discourse or the dialog with other unrelated texts the intratextuality and metalanguage were evidenced here. In the last chapter, "Dialogues between Saramago and Platonic caves", it s investigated the intertextual dialogue established between the novel of Saramago and the myth of Plato's cave, suggested from the very title of the work. The objective was to thus display as through the resumption of foreign texts, the Portuguese author moves between the (des)construction and (re)construction of the speeches, creating a threshold text and requiring the reader his effective participation in the creation of new meanings. The concepts of Kristeva and Jenny, regarding the intertextuality, already employed in chapter two, were quite relevant / O presente estudo tem como proposta investigar as estratégias metaficcionais presentes no romance A Caverna, de José Saramago, bem como demonstrar de que forma o autor, recorrendo à intertextualidade, propõe ora a (re)formulação, ora a (re)afirmação dos discursos alheios, construindo e desnudando um texto que permanece no limiar. Para a realização deste intento, a pesquisa está organizada em três capítulos. No primeiro, intitulado As Tendências Contemporâneas da Literatura Portuguesa , apresentamos um breve panorama do romance contemporâneo português e suas principais tendências, bem como a trajetória literária empreendida por Saramago. As considerações de Miguel Real e Álvaro Cardoso Gomes na reconstituição deste panorama literário português, e as entrevistas e comentários críticos acerca da própria obra feitos por Saramago foram essenciais na construção deste capítulo. Em Discursos no Limiar: entre a (re)Afirmação e a (re)Formulação , segundo capítulo da dissertação, discutimos o conceito de metaficção proposto por Linda Hutcheon e comentado por Gustavo Bernardo e apresentamos as estratégias metaficcionais empregadas pelo autor na construção do romance em estudo e os efeitos de sentido gerados por tal emprego. A intertextualidade seja na retomada de ditos populares, no discurso bíblico ou ainda outros textos alheios , a intratextualidade e a metalinguagem foram aqui evidenciadas. No último capítulo, Diálogos entre as Cavernas Saramaguiana e Platônica , investigamos o diálogo intertextual estabelecido entre o romance de Saramago e o mito da caverna de Platão, sugerido desde o próprio título da obra. Objetivou-se, assim, apresentar como por meio da retomada de textos alheios, o autor português transita entre a (des)construção e a (re)construção dos discursos, criando um texto do limiar, e exigindo do leitor sua participação efetiva na criação de novos sentidos. Os conceitos de Kristeva e Jenny, no tocante à intertextualidade, já empregados também no capítulo dois, foram bastante relevantes

Dans cette étude paléontologique, plusieurs méthodes ont été mises au point pour tester les hypothèses sur l’utilité des mustélidés en tant que signal paléoécologique, paléoenvironnemental et chronologique pour les sites préhistoriques du Paléolithique. Les genres Gulo, Martes, Mustela et Meles du Pléistocène et de l’Holocène de la moitié Sud de la France sont étudiés sous l’angle de l’anatomie comparée, de la biométrie et de la morphométrie géométrique sur un matériel très varié : crânien, dentaire et post-crânien. Les mustélidés proviennent de nombreux sites différents par leur âge, climat et altitude : Saint- Vallier, la Caune de l’Arago, Orgnac 3, le Lazaret, le Portel-Ouest, La Fage, La Marche, Siréjol, Villereversure, La Tanne du Beau Prince, la grotte des frères Traversat, Tuchan et Ambrussum. Cette approche systémique a permis de découvrir de nouveaux outils de sexage des mustélidés, sur les I3 notamment. L’indice de constriction orbitaire que nous avons établi livre une diagnose sexuelle très claire sur les blaireaux. La pente de la droite de régression des P4 et des Canines supérieures chez Mustela montre une distinction entre M. martes et M. foina. Nous confirmons la grande variabilité morphologique de ces petits Carnivores, qui reflète les environnements dans lesquels ils vivent ou ont vécu et qui est plus importante que la distinction spécifique chez Martes martes et Martes foina. De même, nous proposons Melesmeles atavus comme sous-espèce chronologique du Pléistocène moyen et présent à la Caune de l’Arago.De plus, les M. thorali, M. palerminea, M. praenivalis présentent plutôt des mandibules robustes et des dents graciles par rapport à leurs homologues actuels. / In this paleontological study, several methods have been developed to test hypotheses about the utility of mustelids as a paleoecological, palaeoenvironmental and chronological signal for prehistoric Paleolithic sites. The genera Gulo, Martes, Mustela and Meles of the Pleistocene and the Holocene of the half of the South of France are studied from the angle of comparative anatomy, biometry and geometrical morphometry on a very varied material: cranial, dental and postcranial. Mustelids come from various sites differed by age, climate and altitude: Saint-Vallier, Caune de l'Arago, Orgnac 3, Lazaret, Portel-Ouest, La Fage, La Marche, Siréjol, Villereversure, the Tanne du Beau Prince, Frères Traversat’s cave, Tuchan and Ambrussum. This systemic approach made it possible to discover new tools for sexing mustelids, particularly on I3. The post-orbital constriction index that we have established provides a very clear sexual diagnosis of badgers. The slope of the regression line of P4 and upper Canines of Mustela shows a distinction between M. martes and M. foina. We confirm the great morphological variability of these small carnivores, that reflects the environments in which they live or have lived and which is more important than the specific distinction in Martes martes and Martes foina. Similarly, we propose Meles meles atavus as a chronological subspecies of the Middle Pleistocene and present at the Caune de l'Arago. In addition, M. thorali, M. palerminea, M. praenivalis have strong mandibles and slender teeth compared to their current counterparts.

Les Pirqé de-Rabbi Eliézer (PRE) marquent un changement majeur dans l’histoire de la littérature rabbinique. Ce livre, datant du IXe siècle de notre ère, est principalement une « histoire biblique » depuis la création jusqu’au temps d’Esther. Il est le premier récit continu dans le corpus rabbinique. Il est aussi, selon toute probabilité, le premier ouvrage rabbinique qui dérive de la main d’un seul auteur. L’aspect le plus remarquable est l’introduction des légendes autour des personnages bibliques qui ne se trouvent nulle part dans la littérature rabbinique classique. La recherche contemporaine considère la matière non-rabbinique des PRE comme un exemple de la survivance de la littérature du Second Temple dans la tradition rabbinique. En revanche, la présente étude essaie d’expliquer la matière non-rabbinique des PRE comme le résultat de l’influence des cultures chrétienne et musulmane sur l’auteur, plutôt qu’une transmission interne de la littérature du Second Temple parmi les juifs. L’examen de cette hypothèse prendra la forme d’une étude de deux livres qui ressemblent aux PRE dans leur forme et leur contenu : le Livre des Jubilés, ouvrage hébraïque de l’époque du Second Temple, et la Caverne des trésors, un écrit chrétien syriaque du VIe siècle. Les trois constituent des exemples de « l’histoire sainte », c’est-à-dire l'histoire d’Israël ancien racontée indépendamment du texte biblique. Loin d’être un examen de l’histoire de l’exégèse, cette étude est une enquête sur la mythologie comparative, l’évolution des traditions, et la construction d’une identité à travers la transformation d’une histoire partagée, l’histoire des prophètes et des patriarches. / Pirqe de-Rabbi Eliezer (PRE) is a watershed in the history of rabbinic literature. This ninth-century work, an account of “biblical history” from creation until the time of Esther, is the first extended, continuous narrative of any sort in rabbinic literature. It is also, in all probability, the first major rabbinic work to derive from the hand of a single author. The most remarkable aspect of PRE, however, is its introduction into rabbinic tradition of several legends about biblical figures which are not found in the classical rabbinic corpus. Modern scholarship considers the non-rabbinic legends in PRE an example of the survival of Second Temple literature within Jewish tradition. The present study, however, will attempt to explain the non-rabbinic material found in PRE as the result of the author’s adoption (and adaptation) of elements from the surrounding Christian and Muslim culture rather than through the direct transmission of Second Temple works among Jews. This hypothesis will be tested through the examination of two works close to PRE in form and content, the Book of Jubilees (Hebrew, second century BCE) and the Cave of Treasures (Syriac, sixth century CE). All three are accounts of “Sacred History,” that is, the history of ancient Israel as recounted independently of the biblical text. It is not a study of biblical exegesis. Rather, it is an inquiry into comparative mythology, the evolution of tradition, and the construction of communal identities through the transformation of a shared history, the history of the ancient prophets and patriarchs.

This study takes as its focus Ted Hughes’s composition techniques throughout his career, arguing that his self-conscious experimentation with the processes by which he wrote affected the style and subject matter of his work. Hughes’s poetry has lent itself to a number of familiar critical approaches, focusing on his preoccupation with mythology, his interaction with the natural world and his creative partnership with his first wife, Sylvia Plath. Yet no study, until now, has looked systematically at his literary drafts and the extent to which Hughes’s method of composition radically altered during his writing career. Archive material at Emory University, accessible since 2000, and new archive materials held at the British Library and made available for study for the first time in 2010, have opened up possibilities for much greater depth of research into Hughes’s writing processes and the birth and evolution of individual poems. By engaging with these materials, my research complements new studies which are tackling under-examined areas of Hughes’s work, whilst contributing more broadly to an increased awareness of the central importance of archival work in the study of literature. Literary manuscript drafts have often been used to study writers whose writing methods consciously foreground the drafting process. Whilst Hughes has not previously been considered in this light, my original investigations into his archival materials reveal a poet for whom the nature of the compositional process was a central concern which defines and redefines his poetry across his career.

Agriculture contamination is very common in karst systems due to the vulnerability of these aquifers. Animal waste is often spread across crop land to enrich the soil with nitrates and phosphates. Herbicides and pesticides are also applied to the crops. The transport of these pollutants through the soil and epikarst is a difficult process to monitor due to the complex, heterogeneous behavior of the groundwater as it makes its way down to the aquifer below. An experimental site at Crumps Cave lended a unique opportunity to monitor the vadose zone at a waterfall in the cave below. A previous dye trace established the connection between an 11.15 m2 grass plot and this underground waterfall. The field design used here, utilizing a rainfall simulator, allowed control of the input of precipitation and tracers to understand more about the movement of stormwater infiltrating the soil and the differences in transport of solute particles and bacteria in the epikarstic zone. Two particle transport experiments were used to better understand these processes. The first trace involved injection of fluorescein dye and sodium chloride. The 2,650 liters of solution were injected over a period of 3.6 hours at a rate of 6.6 cm/hr. An electrical resistivity traverse, perpendicular to the hypothesized straight-line path of the established dye trace connection, showed a peak in lower resistance at the upper epikarst layers 4 hours and 15 minutes after the beginning of the injection. Dye concentrations reached a peak of 1,600 ppb 3 hours and 15 minutes after the beginning of the injection. The conductivity also peaked at this time with a value of 814 µS. This first trace showed that rapid transportation of solutes happened in localized conduits causing a peak of both solutes in the cave before the widespread mobilization of sodium chloride was seen in the epikarst by the resistivity images an hour later. In the second trace, 2,605 liters of a sulphorhodamine dye solution was injected over 180 kg of dairy cattle manure spread on the 11.15 m2 plot of grass for a period of 3.6 hours at a rate of 6.6 cm/hr. Dye concentrations reached a peak of 27 ppm 4 hours and 15 minutes after the beginning of the injection. Fecal coliform reached its first peak of 2,755 MPN (most probable number of viable cells per 100 mL of water) 90 minutes prior to the dye peak and a second peak of 2,481 MPN occurred 15 minutes prior to the dye peak. These results showed that solutes travelling through the soil and epikarst follow similar paths while bacteria prefer conduits that offer more rapid transmission to the underground waterfall.

Records of change of [delta]13C values in vertebrate teeth offer an opportunity to gain insight into changes in past vegetation. Increasingly, teeth from small mammals are used for such purposes, but because their teeth grow very rapidly, seasonal changes in vegetation potentially provide a large source of variability in carbon isotope composition, complicating interpretations of small mammal tooth isotope data. To investigate the controls of seasonality on the stable isotope composition of fossil teeth, we constructed a Monte-Carlo-based model to simulate the effects of changes in the seasonal pattern of diet in leporid lagomorphs (rabbits and hares) on the distribution of [delta]¹³C values in random populations of leporid teeth from the Edwards Plateau in central Texas. Changes in mean-state, seasonal vegetation range, and relative season length manifest themselves in predictable ways in the median, standard deviation, and skewness of simulated tooth [delta]¹³C populations, provided sufficient numbers of teeth are analyzed. This Monte Carlo model was applied to the interpretation of a 20,000 year record of leporid tooth [delta]¹³C values from Hall's Cave on the Edwards Plateau in central Texas. Variations in the [delta]¹³C values of teeth deposited at the same time (standard deviation = 1.69%) are larger than changes in the mean vegetation composition reconstructed from bulk organic carbon [delta]¹³C, indicating the influence of short-term variability, making it difficult to assess changes in mean C3/C4 vegetation from the tooth [delta]¹³C data. However, populations of teeth from different climate intervals (e.g., the late Glacial, Younger Dryas, and the Holocene) display changes in the shape of the tooth [delta]¹³C distributions. Interpretation of these changes as shifts in seasonal vegetation patterns that are based upon results from our model are consistent with hypothesized climatic changes. An increase in the standard deviation of the tooth population between the late Glacial and the Younger Dryas -- Holocene is consistent with an increase in seasonality. Furthermore, a shift to more C3-dominated vegetation in the tooth [delta]¹³C distribution during the Younger Dryas is accompanied by a more skewed population -- indicative of not only wetter conditions but an increase in the duration in the C3 growing season. However, late Holocene changes in vegetation are not clear in the tooth data, despite the evidence from bulk organic carbon [delta]¹³C values for an increase in % C3 vegetation of 57%. Small mammal teeth can potentially provide unique insights into climate and vegetation on seasonal and longer timescales that complement other data, but should be interpreted with a careful consideration of local conditions, taxon ecology and physiology, and the dominant timescales of isotope variability. / text

This thesis contributes to increased knowledge on Holocene climate and environmental variability from two complex and sparsely studied areas. Using a speleothem from Gasparee Cave, Trinidad, as a paleoclimate archive, the local expression of the 8.2 ka (thousand years before 1950) climate event and associated patterns of the inter-tropical convergence zone (ITCZ) and rainfall is provided. Subsequent speleothem studies using multi-proxy analysis of stalagmites from Kapsia Cave and Alepotrypa Cave, Greece, provide records of climate, vegetation and human induced changes in the cave environment during parts of the Holocene. The speleothems from the well-studied Neolithic habitation site, Alepotrypa Cave, have produced a climate and habitation record which covers the period of 6.3-1.0 ka. The cave was inhabited between 8.0-5.2 ka and was closed by a tectonic event, which has preserved the settlement. The stable oxygen record shows the first well-dated and robust expression of the 4.2 ka dry event in the Peloponnese, places the timing of the 3.2 ka dry event within an ongoing dry period, and shows a final dry event at 1.6 ka. The North Atlantic as well as more regional drivers, such as the North Sea Caspian Pattern Index is proposed to, in a complex interplay, govern many of the climate trends and events observed. Trace element variation after the site is abandoned indicate what is interpreted as two volcanic eruptions, the Minoan eruption of Thera (Santorini) around 3.6 ka and the 2.7 ka eruption of Somma (Vesuvius). Variations in trace elements during the habitation period show clear human influence, indicating an association with specific cave activities. One of the most interesting prospects for continued work on Alepotrypa Cave is this successful marriage of speleothem studies and archeology. A framework of dates which constrain some behavior of people living in the cave is only the beginning, and there is great potential to continue finding new clues in the speleothem data. / Denna avhandling bidrar till ökad kunskap om klimatets variationer och miljön i två geografiskt skilda områden på låga breddgrader och under tidsperioder inom den Holocena epoken. Genom att använda en droppsten (stalagmit) från Gasparee-grottan, Trinidad, som ett paleoklimatarkiv, har det bland annat varit möjligt att visa att Trinidad upplevde torrare förhållanden under den snabba klimatförändring som observerats ske för 8200 år sedan på många platser i världen. Denna torrare klimatsituation i Trinidad föreslås vara ett resultat av en sydlig förflyttning av den intertropiska konvergenszonen. Övriga stalagmiter som studerats för denna avhandling kommer från Kapsia-grottan och Alepotrypa-grottan som finns på Peloponnesos-halvön i Grekland. Resultaten därifrån speglar dels klimat- och vegetationsvariatoner och dels graden av mänsklig aktivitet, under tiden för ca 8000 år sedan till för 1000 år sedan. Alepotrypa-grottan är känd för att vara en av de större Neolitiska boplatserna i Grekland. Isotop- och spårämnesanalyser av stalagmiterna har bidragit med ny kunskap om tidpunkten för mänsklig aktivitet, hur människorna påverkade grott-miljön samt hur klimatet varierat efter det att grottan, genom en tektonisk händelse, stängdes för människans inverkan. Snabba klimatförändringar, för 4200 och 3200 år sedan, observerade i andra regioner, rekonstrueras här för första gången på Peloponnesos. En snabb förändring mot torrare förhållanden observeras även för 1600 år sedan. De klimatstyrande processerna föreslås vara en kombination av storskaliga processer som den nordatlantiska oscillationen och mer regionala processer som det så kallade North Sea Caspian Pattern Index. Variationer i spårämnen i stalagmiterna efter att Alepotrypa-grottan stängdes kan kopplas till två vulkaniska utbrott, nämligen det Minoiska utbrottet av Thera på ön Santorini kring 3600 år sedan och utbrottet av Somma (Vesuvius) kring 2700 år sedan. Spårämnesvariationer under bo-perioden ger tydliga indikationer på människans påverkan på grottmiljön och som delvis kan länkas till specifika aktiviteter, som eldning av dynga i grottan. Avhandlingen är ett resultat av en framgångsrik kombination av klimatstudier och arkeologisk kunskap och utgör ett viktigt underlag för fördjupat interdisciplinärt forskningssamarbete i Alepotrypa-grottan. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript. Paper 5: Manuscript. Paper 6: Manuscript.</p>