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<p dir="ltr">This two-paper dissertation focuses on gender equity in higher education in the United States, specifically on workplace gender equity. There is a lack of feminist research in the literature which can have significant consequences in the development of both higher education policy and practices, as a misunderstanding about the gendered nature of educational experiences may be linked to inadequate responses to the situation. Feminist research helps understand and provide recommendations for such experiences. As such, gender equality should not only be an ethical imperative but also an emphasis in higher education. To increase gender equality in higher education, this dissertation recommends that scholars focus on feminist research. The goal of this research is to understand how gender impacts a person working in higher education by investigating historical and contemporary gender-based identities and inequities in higher education in the United States. Hence, this dissertation answers the following questions: What strides have been made to reduce gender inequity in the workplace in higher education in the United States? How does gender impact a person's career trajectory into leadership positions in higher education? As a result, this research provides recommendations for administrators and policy makers to reduce gender inequity in higher education. </p>

Yes / The four theories—gendering of careers, glass ceiling, gender stereotypes and work-life balance—of the lack of inclusion of women in the technology sector have a certain face validity when looking at Nigeria, a historically patriarchal nation undergoing significant growth in penetration and diffusion in the technology sector. Consequently, this article is the first to further develop these theories through a critical realist exploration of the experiences of female senior managers in the Nigerian technology sector. The findings show that women technology leaders are ambitious and driven to scale the barriers to senior management roles. These four theories are extended by providing empirical data and insights into how this phenomenon is experienced differently in the Global South. The article recommends that organizations implement policies that support skilled and high-potential women employees to fulfill their career aspirations, thereby disrupting stereotypes and changing the dominant, masculine narrative of the technology industry. / The full-text of this article will be released for public view at the end of the publisher embargo on 19th Dec 2023. / Research Development Fund Publication Prize Award winner, June 2022.

This thesis analyzes the challenges faced by female and male leaders in implementing sustainable practices within the retail industry, with a specific focus on a case study involving leadership challenges at a Mexican retailer, referred to throughout as Retail-MX. It focuses on understanding gender-specific obstacles and the influence of organizational culture on sustainability efforts. The research questions guiding the analysis included the specific challenges experienced by female leaders, the role of organizational culture, and the differing perceptions of sustainability challenges between female and male leaders.  To address these questions, a tentative theoretical model was developed that integrates gender, leadership, and organizational culture theories. Data collection included interviews with female and male leaders at Retail-MX. The responses were analyzed using the Gioia method, identifying seventeen first-order concepts which were then grouped into seven second-order themes. These themes were further organized into four aggregate dimensions and analyzed through the lens of gender and leadership and organizational culture.  The findings were as follows: Female leaders at Retail-MX face unique challenges, including a lack of self-awareness, a preference for data-driven sustainability approaches, and a focus on long-term planning. The organizational culture supports a people-led, inclusive environment, but structural and cultural obstacles hinder women's career progression. Despite differing views on the urgency of sustainability—female leaders advocate for significant investments and immediate action. These findings led to revisions in the tentative theoretical model, resulting in the proposed theoretical model. This thesis concludes by highlighting practical, and theoretical, implications to provide actionable guidance for management at Retail-MX to assist in implementing sustainable practices within their teams.

A model was developed to predict velocity profiles of radial wall jets produced by ceiling fans and flowing over broiler chickens. Broilers were modeled by balloons with paper cylinders simulating the necks. Wall jet data was recorded for 91.5, 83.8 and 71.1 cm radius fans that were rated at 220, 160, and 108 W, respectively. Each fan was suspended 2.44 m above the floor and operated at four speeds. Applications of the model include 1) calculation of optimum design specifications for ceiling fan applications in broiler houses and 2) prediction of data for managerial decisions concerning existing ceiling fan applications. Model inputs are the fan radius and the characteristic velocity. The characteristic velocity was defined as the maximum air velocity 30 cm below the blades. The wall jet model was interfaced with a broiler growth model for heat stressed broilers to simulate summer conditions and to predict the additional weight gain due to the wall jet. Also, the wall jet was developed to predict the air velocity near the litter to aid litter management decisions. Ceiling fan applications in the southeast, used in conjunction with the summer model, have the potential of increasing summer broiler production by 10% and decreasing fan energy consumption by 8 to 12%. The model may be used to optimize the benefit to the producer. / Ph. D.

The book is a series of plates, pictures and writings which are the results of an architectural thesis exploring, line, contour and layers. The plates are scans of original work by the author, made in a combination of media including: pencil, pastel, watercolor, photograph, study models, hand-drafted drawings, and computer aided drawings. A transcript of the presentation of the work at the thesis defense is included. The simple idea is the impression of contour by the expression of layers. The contour is a line tracing the motion and movement of architecture. Resulting from practice in drawing using pastels, pencil and paper the line, through continuity, can twist, pass over, go under and around- joining parts into an organized whole. Following a program of a modern bath, an architectural space is made, built by layers. The thesis is an architectural exploration of layers and the resultant contours. The best representation of this work is available in printed form at the Art and Architecture Library on the Virginia Tech campus in Blacksburg, Virginia. / Master of Architecture

Gender-segregated labor markets remain a barrier to economic equality, significantly con- tributing to the persistent income disparities between men and women. While extensive literature has documented the prevalent wage gaps, it often attributes these disparities to educational attainment, career tenure, and familial obligations. This thesis focuses on the Swedish Armed Forces, a predominantly male-dominated organization, providing unique insights into organizational structures not extensively documented in current lit- erature. Using individual-level data from Statistical Sweden, a linear regression analysis investigates the gender wage gap, followed by a quantile regression to further explore gender variations across the income distribution. The results reveal a significant gender wage gap, although it has decreased over time and can be explained by individual char- acteristics. Persistent wage disparities in the labor market can often be attributed to the ongoing gender segregation in certain professions, where women, as minorities, tend to earn less. This uneven distribution where men predominantly occupy higher-ranked and higher-paid positions, exacerbates the income inequality. This structural imbalance not only reflects existing societal norms but also highlights the economic impact of occupa- tional segregation, which continues to disadvantage women.

Inledning: Tidigare studier beskriver att karriärsutveckling handlar om vilken riktning en individ tar i sitt arbetsliv. Hur karriärsutveckling sker och vad som påverkar individen är olika för kvinnor och män. Tidigare studier visar att det finns både inre och yttre faktorer som påverkar en individs karriärsutveckling. Vidare visar tidigare studier också att familjesituation och homosocial reproduktion även påverkar en individs karriärsutveckling. Studier visar att kvinnor har svårare än män att utvecklas i sina karriärer och orsakerna till att kvinnorna har svårigheter kan bland annat bero på glastaket. Frågor om karriärsutveckling och inre och yttre faktorer, om karriärsutveckling och familjesituation, om karriärsutveckling och glastak samt karriärsutveckling och homosocial reproduktion ska därför besvaras i denna studie. De aktuella problemformuleringarna är; Hur sker karriärsutveckling för kvinnor och män inom detaljhandeln i Sverige för att nå en chefsposition? Vad påverkar kvinnor och män i deras karriärsutveckling inom detaljhandeln i Sverige?   Syften: Det övergripande syftet med studien är att beskriva och skapa förståelse för hur kvinnor och män i detaljhandeln utvecklas i sina karriärer och vad som påverkar karriärsutveckling. Syftet är också att jämföra om det föreligger några olikheter alternativt likheter mellan könen i deras karriärsutveckling till att nå en chefsposition.   Metod: En kvalitativ studie med en komparativ design där empirisk data är insamlad genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med individer på chefsposition i den svenska detaljhandeln.   Resultat: Resultaten i denna studie visar att det föreligger ett samband mellan vad som påverkar individen i sin karriärsutveckling och hur karriärsutveckling sker. Den inre drivkraften och den egna personligheten samt familjesituationen är det som främst tycks påverka individernas karriärsutveckling. Resultaten tyder också på att kvinnor inte uppmärksammar glastaket i sin karriärsutveckling och tycks därför inte hindras av glastaket. Denna studies resultat visar också att det som tycks vara viktigast vid rekrytering är att skapa en balans mellan könen, könet tycks därför vara av betydelse vid rekrytering. Studien beskriver även att karriärsutveckling i detaljhandeln tycks starta på en låg nivå i hierarkin och att individerna därefter succesivt avancerar uppåt.   Slutsatser: Det kan konstateras i denna studie att det som påverkar individernas karriärsutveckling är den inre drivkraften och personligheten. Det kan även konstateras att familjesituationen påverkar kvinnor och män i deras karriärsutveckling då partnern tar ett större ansvar för familjen. Kvinnor i detaljhandeln uppmärksammar och hindras inte av glastaket i sin karriärsutveckling och vid rekrytering är homosocial reproduktion inte förekommande, det som är viktigt är att uppnå balans mellan könen. Denna studie kan konstatera att karriärsutveckling i den svenska detaljhandeln startar lågt i hierarkin samt att kvinnor och män startar på ett likartat sätt. / Introduction: Previous studies describe career development as the different directions individuals take in their work. How a career development transpires and what influences individual face is different for women and men. Previous studies show that there are internal and external factors affecting the individual's career development. Further, previous studies also show that family situation and homosocial reproduction also affect an individual's career development. Studies show that women are less likely than men to develop in their careers and that they tend to face gender specific obstacles in their career development. Previous studies show that the reasons why women have difficulties may be due to the glass ceiling. Questions about career development and internal and external factors, about career development and family situation, career development and the glass ceiling as well as career development and homosocial reproduction is therefore to be answered. The issues regarded in this study are; how does career development of women and men in the retail sector in Sweden evolves to reach a management position? What affect men and women in their career development in the retail sector in Sweden?   Aims: The overall aim of the study is to describe and to create understanding of how women and men in the retail sector develop in their careers and what influences career development. The aim is also to compare whether there are any similarities alternatively differences between women and men in their career development into a management position.   Method: A qualitative study with a comparative design in which empirical data is collected through semi-structured interviews with individuals in management positions in the Swedish retail sector.   Results: The results of this study show that there is a connection between what affect the individual in their career development and how career development occur. One's own personality, the inner urge and the family situation is what primarily affect their career development. The results also suggest that women are not obstructed in their career development by the glass ceiling in their career development. This study shows that what was considered the most important in recruitment is to create a balance between the sexes, not to recruit a specific gender. The study shows that a career development in the retail sector starts at a low level in the hierarchy and that individuals evolve gradually thereafter.   Conclusions: The indications that affect individuals' career development are the internal driving force and personality. It is also evident that the family situation affects men and women in their career development since the partner is taking more responsibility. Women in retail doesn’t notice and are not obstructed by the glass ceiling in their career development and the recruitment isn’t affected by homosocial reproduction, it is important to achieve gender balance. This study finds that career development in the Swedish retail sector starts low in the hierarchy and that woman and men will start in a similar way.