Medical students need to acquire not only biomedical knowledge and clinical skills, but also a professional identity to become future qualified physicians. However, much of the professionalization of medical students comes not from the formal curriculum, but the implicit hidden curriculum. This thesis is based on a content and discourse analysis of 75 articles that employ the term “hidden curriculum” or “hidden curricula” in the article title or abstract in two medical education journals Medical Education and Academic Medicine. The study tries to answer two main research questions: what the components of hidden curriculum are, and why hidden curriculum is becoming a popular discourse in medical education. The purpose of this research is to use the key concepts informed by theories developed by Bourdieu and Goffman to build a theoretical framework to understand the usage and interpretation of hidden curriculum from the medical educators’ perspective. I conclude that hidden curriculum is used in a distinct and ambiguous way in medical education literature, emphasizing institutional culture, role modeling, and socialization process. A discrepancy between the usage of hidden curriculum in medical education literature and sociological study is found. Though many innovations have been initiated in both practical pedagogy and the model of medical education, there has been little change in the legitimate knowledge in medicine, the ways in which medical education is organized, the underlying institutional hierarchy, and medical students’ learning experiences.

abstract: This study investigates the hidden curriculum of home learning, through participant observation of ten families, members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS), who chose to educate their children at home. The term "hidden curriculum" is typically used to describe the values and behaviors that are taught to students implicitly, through the structure and organization of formal schooling. I used the concept of hidden curriculum as a starting point for understanding how the organization and process of home learning might also convey lessons to its participants, lessons that are not necessarily an explicit object of study in the home. Using naturalistic inquiry and a multiple case study method, I spent a minimum of ten hours each with ten families, five who homeschool and five who unschool. Through questionnaires, taped interviews, and observation, I documented typical home learning practices and purposes. These families were selected through a combination of purposive and snowball sampling to reflect a diversity of approaches to home learning. Key findings were organized into four main categories that incorporated the significant elements of the hidden curriculum of these homes: relationships, time, the learning process, and technology. The study offers three main contributions to the literature on home learning, to families, whether their children attend public schools or not, to policy makers and educators, and to the general public. First, in the case of these LDS families, their religious beliefs significantly shaped the hidden curriculum and specifically impacted relationships, use of time, attitudes about learning, and engagement with technology. Second, lines were blurred between unschooling and homeschooling practices, similar to the overlap found in self-reports and other discussions of home learning. Third, similar to families who do not home school, these families sought to achieve a balance in children's use of technology and other educational approaches. Lastly, I discuss the significant challenges that lay in defining curriculum, overt as well as hidden, in the context of home learning. This research contributes insights into alternative ways of educating children that can inform parents and educators of effective elements of other paradigms. In defining their own educational success, these families model the kind of teaching and learning advocated by professionals but that remain elusive in institutionalized education, inviting a re-thinking of and discussions about the "one best system" approach. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Curriculum and Instruction 2012

No description available.

This analysis of children’s literature attempts to understand the relationship between social reproduction and ideology. This thesis argues that children’s literature written by Lynne Cheney is a cultural artifact that constitutes an ideological history. In addition, it argues that her books can be used by ideological institutions to strengthen socially accepted practices through the theory of social reproduction. Since there is a lack of theory regarding cultural artifacts in literary studies, an adoption from the field of pedagogy called the theory of hidden curriculum is used to explain social reproduction. The process of social reproduction reinforces socioeconomic structures put in place in order to reinforce social norms.

No description available.

In Ireland, formal mentoring as a mechanism for supporting student learning in the Teaching Practice (TP) phase of Initial Teacher Education (ITE) is at a developmental stage. The Irish Government appears to support mentoring initiatives in ITE, however, there is little evidence of a clear policy on student teacher learning, and the role of mentoring within it. This study investigates physical education teacher education (PETE) student learning on TP within a community of practice framework. Currently, the process of informal mentoring of PETE students during TP is undertaken by untrained cooperating teachers (CTs) as an unacknowledged gesture of goodwill. This has implications for the quality of PETE student learning during TP and became the subject of this research. Employing a range of qualitative data collection methods, this study focused on one umbrella case study (Greendale University, schools and PETE students) and five individual case studies: tetrads of PETE student, CT, university tutor (UT) and school principal (SP) during one academic year. PETE student learning was investigated from the perspectives of each member of the tetrad and data collected were analysed using grounded theory. Findings from this research concluded that (a) untrained CTs were unsuitable mentors and (b) untrained UTs were inappropriate tutors for PETE students as they both needed teaching expertise, a positive disposition and adequate training to embrace their respective roles. The study also found that within TP, there was a perceived lack of parity between the schools and university, with SPs feeling excluded and taken for granted by the university. This often led to open hostility between CTs and UTs, who were unclear about their respective TP roles. The combination of these factors resulted in PETE students learning the powerful hidden curriculum of TP which encouraged them to learn pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) in an unsupported and often isolated manner.

The study explored the learning experiences of first-year resident physicians during the first year of graduate medical education. The experiences of four intern physicians in the first year of residency training at an urban academic health system provided the site for the research. An exploratory case study research design was employed to examine the learning experiences of these new physicians. A qualitative approach was used to analyze data from interviews and ethnographic observations. The findings of this research study provide evidence surrounding how and what these physician trainees learned regarding professionalism during the first year of residency training. The findings indicate these first-year resident physicians experienced significant learning related to professionalism through incidental learning in the clinical environment, particularly from role models and the hidden curriculum. The interns learned both positive and negative professional behaviors from attending physicians. The findings illustrate the increases and decreases of confidence due to the development of clinical skills, increase in responsibilities, and increase in autonomy experienced by all four participants across the first year of residency training. Additionally, the findings highlight the important role of critical incidents, particularly memorable patient encounters, as potentially transformative learning experiences for these interns. Finally, the findings enumerate the pervasive influence of the hidden curriculum of graduate medical education on what these new physicians learned about professionalism, particularly the unprofessional social norms transmitted through attending physicians and others within the context of clinical learning. The findings of the research study support the conclusions that a) incidental learning experiences during the first year of residency education directly influenced how and what these new physicians learned regarding professionalism; b) these intern physicians experienced non-transformative learning during the first year of residency, but critical reflection and critical self-reflection after critical incidents did hold the potential to result in learning that was transformative; and c) the ubiquitous nature of the hidden curriculum significantly impacted what these first-year residents learned about professionalism. These conclusions contribute to the literature related to the development of professionalism in the new physician and the power of the hidden curriculum in medical education to influence professional identity development. Implications for medical educators and recommendations for future research are also identified.

Um estudo das relações existentes entre a estrutura de couraça e a prática escolar. Procura-se investigar o conceito de couraça e o fenômeno do encouraçamento como definido por Wilhelm Reich para aplicá-lo à realidade dos dias atuais, especialmente no ambiente escolar. Em um primeiro momento, realiza-se uma revisão da teoria reichiana do encouraçamento desde sua formulação no campo da psicanálise até sua aplicação ao funcionamento corporal e energético. Com base na visão estrutural do funcionamento encouraçado examina-se, então, o funcionamento virtual fronteiriço mais comum aos dias de hoje, relacionando-o às mudanças estruturais e superestruturais da atualidade. Acompanham-se, em seguida, as relações entre o aspecto biopsíquico dos indivíduos que compõem uma população e a forma cultural que a sociedade por eles formada assume. Na sequência, o estudo da rotina escolar enquanto currículo-oculto é empreendido em busca da compreensão do papel que esta tem na formação da couraça. Finalmente, uma confrontação é feita entre o funcionamento encouraçado e a forma com que a escola se organiza. Evidenciam-se aí as mútuas influências entre prática escolar e o encouraçamento. / A scrutiny on the relationship between school practice and the structure of the armor. The aim is to investigate the concept of the armor and the armoring phenomenon as defined by Wilhelm Reich to apply it to nowadays reality, especially in the school environment. At first, a review of Reich\'s theory of armoring was carried out, since its formulation in the field of psychoanalysis up to its application to body function and energy. Then, based on the structural view of the operation of the armor, the virtual borderline functioning, more common in the last decades, is examined and related to structural and super structural changes of present time. Following, the relationship between the bio-psychological aspect of individuals in a population and the cultural form that their society assumes is examined. Further, the study of school routine as hidden-curriculum is undertaken in search for the understanding of the role it plays in shaping the armor. Finally, a confrontation is made between the functioning of the armor and the way the school is structured. There becomes manifest the mutual influences between school practice and armoring.

Um estudo das relações existentes entre a estrutura de couraça e a prática escolar. Procura-se investigar o conceito de couraça e o fenômeno do encouraçamento como definido por Wilhelm Reich para aplicá-lo à realidade dos dias atuais, especialmente no ambiente escolar. Em um primeiro momento, realiza-se uma revisão da teoria reichiana do encouraçamento desde sua formulação no campo da psicanálise até sua aplicação ao funcionamento corporal e energético. Com base na visão estrutural do funcionamento encouraçado examina-se, então, o funcionamento virtual fronteiriço mais comum aos dias de hoje, relacionando-o às mudanças estruturais e superestruturais da atualidade. Acompanham-se, em seguida, as relações entre o aspecto biopsíquico dos indivíduos que compõem uma população e a forma cultural que a sociedade por eles formada assume. Na sequência, o estudo da rotina escolar enquanto currículo-oculto é empreendido em busca da compreensão do papel que esta tem na formação da couraça. Finalmente, uma confrontação é feita entre o funcionamento encouraçado e a forma com que a escola se organiza. Evidenciam-se aí as mútuas influências entre prática escolar e o encouraçamento. / A scrutiny on the relationship between school practice and the structure of the armor. The aim is to investigate the concept of the armor and the armoring phenomenon as defined by Wilhelm Reich to apply it to nowadays reality, especially in the school environment. At first, a review of Reich\'s theory of armoring was carried out, since its formulation in the field of psychoanalysis up to its application to body function and energy. Then, based on the structural view of the operation of the armor, the virtual borderline functioning, more common in the last decades, is examined and related to structural and super structural changes of present time. Following, the relationship between the bio-psychological aspect of individuals in a population and the cultural form that their society assumes is examined. Further, the study of school routine as hidden-curriculum is undertaken in search for the understanding of the role it plays in shaping the armor. Finally, a confrontation is made between the functioning of the armor and the way the school is structured. There becomes manifest the mutual influences between school practice and armoring.

<p>The thesis deals with how<strong> </strong>technology as a school subject is presented to the pupils in the Swedish compulsory school at junior high school level. The main focus is on how teachers work with the subject matter in teaching, which is on the level of <em>the</em> <em>enacted curriculum</em>. The official documents established by the national school authorities,<em> the intended curriculum</em>, and <em>the hidden curriculum</em> are both of special interest in the study. The hidden curriculum refers to possible, but not intended consequences of the enacted curriculum for pupils’ understanding of technology as a school subject. </p><p><em>          </em>The empirical analysis of the study is based on a narrative analysis on the one hand and the variation theory on the other. The empirical data collection consists of data from:<strong> </strong>(a) interviews with five teachers and (b) a series of classroom observations, covering an entire section of each teacher’s course of the subject matter.</p><p>          The data from the interviews with these teachers indicated that they understood the concept of technology as<strong> </strong>human made artefacts aiming to satisfy practical needs. When it came to the understanding of technology as a school subject the teachers differed between understanding the aim of the subject as to: (1) practice craftsmanship, (2) prepare the pupils for future careers as engineers, (3) illustrate science, (4) strengthen girls’ technical self-confidence and (5) get the pupils interested in technology in order to become inventors in the future. <strong></strong></p><p>The data from the classroom observations indicated that the teaching presented in technology gave the pupils the opportunity to develop three specific capabilities: (1) evaluate and test functionality, (2) be precise and accurate and (3) construct, build and mount. The three capabilities were possible to develop when accomplishing tasks of practical character. Results also indicated that technology as a school subject was taught in different ways depending on the teachers’ educational background, the physical learning environment and the size of the school class. Variation theory was applied as a tool in the analysis of the data from the classroom observations, i.e. the teachers’ ways of working with the subject matter. The analysis indicated that the most frequently used pattern of variation was ‘contrast’.  Through the contrast-variation the teachers managed to contrast better or worse alternatives of constructing and using artefacts. It can be argued that this pattern of variation, ‘contrast’, is the proper pattern when pupils are working with limited or expensive material.<strong></strong></p><p>          The overall conclusion of the study is that teachers’ interpretations of current intended curriculum and their choices of subject matter and teaching methods affect which abilities the pupils are<strong> </strong>offered to develop in technology as a school subject. Based on the results of the study it can be argued that the education and the teaching of technology lacks realism and the result is that technology as a school subject may be experienced by pupils as not very important. It is obvious that the school subject technology, as well as teaching in technology, in the Swedish compulsory school, demands more attention from the national school authorities, in order to develop the pupils’ understanding that technology as a subject is related to the future development of society and social welfare.<strong></strong></p><p> </p>