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Geophilomorpha é a mais diversa dentre as cinco ordens de Chilopoda, contando com 1250 espécies em sete famílias e 215 gêneros. Na região neotropical são conhecidos cerca de 320 espécies e 91 gêneros, distribuídos em cinco famílias: Balophilidae, Schendylidae, Oriydae, Mecistocephalidae e Geophilidae. Aphilodontinae atualmente pertence à Geophilidae e possui distribuição na região centro-sul do continente Sul americano e África do Sul. Atualmente conta com quatro gêneros: Aphilodon com 14 espécies, sendo destas, quatro neotropicais e 10 africanas, Mecophilus e Mecistauchenus, endêmicos do Brasil e Philacroterium, sul-africano, os três monotípicos. Neste projeto são abordadas as relações filogenéticas e a taxonomia dos gêneros de Aphilodontinae através de estudo morfológico com base no material-tipo e não tipo, encontrados nas principais coleções miriapodológicas nacionais e internacionais. Treze das dezessete espécies válidas de Aphilodontinae foram examinadas e sete novas espécies são descritas para o Brasil nos estados do Paraná, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro e Minas Gerais. Para o estudo filogenético, 34 terminais tiveram 54 caracteres morfológicos analisados, sendo 14 obtidos na literatura e 40 testados pela primeira vez. Representantes de 20 espécies de Aphilodontinae foram commparados com no mínimo dois representantes de todas as outras subfamílias de Geophilidae, incluindo Geophilinae, Ribautiinae, Macronicophilinae, Dignathodontinae e Linotaeniinae. Dicellophilus carniolencis, de Mecistocephalidae foi utilizado para enraizamento. A análise filogenética foi realizada no programa T.N.T. sob busca exaustiva (Comando IP) com pesagem igualitária. A otimização realizada no software Winclada foi baseada na não ambiguidade de estado entre terminais. Como resultado recuperamos uma única árvore mais parcimoniosa, com 119 passos. Os resultados de nossa análise mostram uma nova disposição dos táxons em Aphilodontinae, onde: 1- Geoperingueyia (Geophilidae) deve ser transferido para Aphilodontinae. 2- Mecistauchenus e Mecophilus são sinônimos juniores de Aphilodon. 3- As espécies africanas de Aphilodon são relacionadas a espécie-tipo de Philacroterium, e, portanto, transferidas. Com base em nossos resultados fornecemos chaves de identificação para as subfamílias de Geophilidae, para os gêneros de Aphilodontinae e suas espécies, uma nova organização taxonômica para Aphilodontinae, assim como mapas de distribuição das espécies da subfamília / Geophilomorpha is the most diverse of the five orders of Chilopoda, counting on 1250 species in seven families and 215 genera. For the Neotropical region about 320 species are known, 91 genera in five families: Balophilidae, Schendylidae, Oriydae, Mecistocephalidae e Geophilidae. Aphilodontinae is currently a member of the Geophilidae and has a distribution in the south-central region of the South American continent and South Africa. It currently has four genera: Aphilodon with 14 species, four Neotropical and 10 African, Mecophilus and Mecistauchenus, endemic to Brazil and Philacroterium, South African, the three monotypic. In this project we discuss the phylogenetic relationships and the taxonomy of Aphilodontinae genera through a morphological study based on the type and non-type material found in the main national and international miriapodological collections. Thirteen of the seventeen valid species of Aphilodontinae were examined and seven new species are described for Brazil in the states of Paraná, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais. For the phylogenetic study, 34 terminals had 54 morphological characters analyzed, of which 14 were obtained in the literature and 40 were tested for the first time. Representatives of 20 species of Aphilodontinae were compared with at least two representatives of all other subfamilies of Geophilidae, including Geophilinae, Ribautiinae, Macronicophilinae, Dignathodontinae and Linotaeniinae. Dicellophilus carniolencis, from Mecistocephalidae was used for rooting. The phylogenetic analysis was performed in the TNT program under exhaustive search (IP Command) with egalitarian weighing. The optimization performed in the Winclada software was based on the unambiguous state between terminals. As a result, we recovered a single more parsimonious tree, with 119 steps. The results of our analysis show a new arrangement of the taxa in Aphilodontinae, where: 1- Geoperingueyia (Geophilidae) should be transferred into Aphilodontinae. 2- Mecistauchenus and Mecophilus are junior synonyms of Aphilodon. 3 - The African species of Aphilodon are related to species-type of Philacroterium, and, therefore, are transferred. Based on our results we provided identification keys for the subfamilies of Geophilidae, for the genera of Aphilodontinae and their species, a new taxonomic organization for Aphilodontinae, as well as distribution maps of the subfamily species

The Living Chain is a body of work built to apply and analyze mythological narrative and traditional printmaking techniques. The work is a collection of prints telling an original narrative that derives much of its visual and thematic style from the works of the Baroque and Medieval periods, as well as significant influence from the prints of Gustave Doré. The purpose of this paper is to explore the ideas, mythologies, histories, and symbols found in and inspiring the work, in order to better understand the work’s purpose and its technical challenges. Additional focus is given to the historical significance and cultural impact of meaningful, mythological narratives and the differences between modern and historic narratives told through sequential works of art.

Geophilomorpha é a mais diversa dentre as cinco ordens de Chilopoda, contando com 1250 espécies em sete famílias e 215 gêneros. Na região neotropical são conhecidos cerca de 320 espécies e 91 gêneros, distribuídos em cinco famílias: Balophilidae, Schendylidae, Oriydae, Mecistocephalidae e Geophilidae. Aphilodontinae atualmente pertence à Geophilidae e possui distribuição na região centro-sul do continente Sul americano e África do Sul. Atualmente conta com quatro gêneros: Aphilodon com 14 espécies, sendo destas, quatro neotropicais e 10 africanas, Mecophilus e Mecistauchenus, endêmicos do Brasil e Philacroterium, sul-africano, os três monotípicos. Neste projeto são abordadas as relações filogenéticas e a taxonomia dos gêneros de Aphilodontinae através de estudo morfológico com base no material-tipo e não tipo, encontrados nas principais coleções miriapodológicas nacionais e internacionais. Treze das dezessete espécies válidas de Aphilodontinae foram examinadas e sete novas espécies são descritas para o Brasil nos estados do Paraná, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro e Minas Gerais. Para o estudo filogenético, 34 terminais tiveram 54 caracteres morfológicos analisados, sendo 14 obtidos na literatura e 40 testados pela primeira vez. Representantes de 20 espécies de Aphilodontinae foram commparados com no mínimo dois representantes de todas as outras subfamílias de Geophilidae, incluindo Geophilinae, Ribautiinae, Macronicophilinae, Dignathodontinae e Linotaeniinae. Dicellophilus carniolencis, de Mecistocephalidae foi utilizado para enraizamento. A análise filogenética foi realizada no programa T.N.T. sob busca exaustiva (Comando IP) com pesagem igualitária. A otimização realizada no software Winclada foi baseada na não ambiguidade de estado entre terminais. Como resultado recuperamos uma única árvore mais parcimoniosa, com 119 passos. Os resultados de nossa análise mostram uma nova disposição dos táxons em Aphilodontinae, onde: 1- Geoperingueyia (Geophilidae) deve ser transferido para Aphilodontinae. 2- Mecistauchenus e Mecophilus são sinônimos juniores de Aphilodon. 3- As espécies africanas de Aphilodon são relacionadas a espécie-tipo de Philacroterium, e, portanto, transferidas. Com base em nossos resultados fornecemos chaves de identificação para as subfamílias de Geophilidae, para os gêneros de Aphilodontinae e suas espécies, uma nova organização taxonômica para Aphilodontinae, assim como mapas de distribuição das espécies da subfamília / Geophilomorpha is the most diverse of the five orders of Chilopoda, counting on 1250 species in seven families and 215 genera. For the Neotropical region about 320 species are known, 91 genera in five families: Balophilidae, Schendylidae, Oriydae, Mecistocephalidae e Geophilidae. Aphilodontinae is currently a member of the Geophilidae and has a distribution in the south-central region of the South American continent and South Africa. It currently has four genera: Aphilodon with 14 species, four Neotropical and 10 African, Mecophilus and Mecistauchenus, endemic to Brazil and Philacroterium, South African, the three monotypic. In this project we discuss the phylogenetic relationships and the taxonomy of Aphilodontinae genera through a morphological study based on the type and non-type material found in the main national and international miriapodological collections. Thirteen of the seventeen valid species of Aphilodontinae were examined and seven new species are described for Brazil in the states of Paraná, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais. For the phylogenetic study, 34 terminals had 54 morphological characters analyzed, of which 14 were obtained in the literature and 40 were tested for the first time. Representatives of 20 species of Aphilodontinae were compared with at least two representatives of all other subfamilies of Geophilidae, including Geophilinae, Ribautiinae, Macronicophilinae, Dignathodontinae and Linotaeniinae. Dicellophilus carniolencis, from Mecistocephalidae was used for rooting. The phylogenetic analysis was performed in the TNT program under exhaustive search (IP Command) with egalitarian weighing. The optimization performed in the Winclada software was based on the unambiguous state between terminals. As a result, we recovered a single more parsimonious tree, with 119 steps. The results of our analysis show a new arrangement of the taxa in Aphilodontinae, where: 1- Geoperingueyia (Geophilidae) should be transferred into Aphilodontinae. 2- Mecistauchenus and Mecophilus are junior synonyms of Aphilodon. 3 - The African species of Aphilodon are related to species-type of Philacroterium, and, therefore, are transferred. Based on our results we provided identification keys for the subfamilies of Geophilidae, for the genera of Aphilodontinae and their species, a new taxonomic organization for Aphilodontinae, as well as distribution maps of the subfamily species

Os peptídeos bioactivas são fundamentais no sistema imune inato (SII), devido a que eles proveem informação importante sobre o SII. O objetivo deste estudo é caracterizar os componentes e reações do SII em quilópodes. Para isto, analisamos o transcriptoma dos hemócitos de Scolopendra subspinipes subspinipes; assim como também, extraímos, purificamos e caracterizamos os peptídeos antimicrobianos presentes na exúvia, o extrato total e a hemolinfa de S. s. subspinipes e S. viridicornis. Várias frações com atividade antimicrobiana foram isoladas da hemolinfa. Dois novos peptídeos antimicrobianos foram caracterizados e sintetizados: a Pinipesina, de S. s. subspinipes e a Lacraina, de S. viridicornis. A análise preliminar do transcriptoma apresentou que os contigs relacionados ao SII foram transcritos com mais frequência moléculas com atividade regulatória (33,7%) e de reconhecimento (11,6%), e as relacionadas a cascata de coagulação (21,4%). Uma análise mais completa do transcriptoma e das moléculas bioactivas é apresentado. / Bioactive peptides are vital in the innate immune system (IIS), because they provide substantial information about the IIS. This study aims to characterize the components and reactions that constitute the ISS in Chilopoda. For this, we analyzed the hemocytes transcriptome from Scolopendra subspinipes subspinipes; as also extracted, purified and characterized the bioactive peptides presents in the exuviae, the body extract and the hemolymph from S. s. subspinipes and S. viridicornis. Several fractions with antimicrobial activity from the hemolymph were isolated. Two new antimicrobial peptides were characterized and synthetized as well: The Pinipesin, from S. s. subspinipes, and the Lacrain, from S. viridicornis. The preliminary analysis from the transcriptome show that the contigs related to the IIS were transcribed more frequently molecules with regulatory (33,7 %) and recognition (11,6%) activities, and those involved in the coagulation cascade (21,4%). A more complete analysis of the transcriptome and the bioactive molecules is presented.

The Backward Induction strategy for the Centipede Game leads us to a counterfactual reasoning paradox, The Centipede Game paradox. The counterfactual reasoning proving the backward induction strategy for the game appears to rely on the players in the game not choosing that very same backward induction strategy. The paradox is a general paradox that applies to backward induction reasoning in sequential, perfect information games. Therefore, the paradox is not only problematic for the Centipede Game, but it also affects counterfactual reasoning solutions in games similar to the Centipede Game. The Centipede Game is a prime illustration of this paradox in counterfactual reasoning. As a result, this paper will use a material versus subjunctive/counterfactual conditional analysis to provide a theoretical resolution to the Centipede Game, with the hope that a similar solution can be applied to other areas where this paradox may appear. The solution involves delineating between the epistemic systems of the players and the game theorists.

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This thesis consists of four independent chapters, in which well-known economic theories are employed to investigate, and better understand, data and facts from the real world. Although in fairly distant topics, each paper is an example of how economics, and more precisely microeconomics, offers a rigorous and effective framework to reason about what happens around us. In this sense, my dissertation fully represents what I have learnt in these five years. The first paper addresses the experimental behavior of subjects that interact with each other, non-cooperatively, in a laboratory setup. The experimental evidence is found to be at odds with the predictions of classical game-theory, and I explore whether a model of bounded rationality can instead succeed in explaining the data. The second paper looks at another type of data, historical rather than experimental. Together with Björn Wallace, we raise doubts, methodological and interpretational, regarding the validity of a recent finding that documents a sizeable effect of Africa's past slave trades on current economic performance. The last two papers investigate the phenomenon of limited records, understood as the limited availability of past public data regarding a transacting partner. The former is a survey, written jointly with Giancarlo Spagnolo, wherein we discuss the literatures that have independently studied whether limited records may actually prompt beneficial reputation effects. We argue that what is known about this type of informational arrangement is little and scattered, and that this is problematic given the large number of real-life situations featuring limited records. These conclusions prepare the ground for the last paper of this dissertation, which presents a model of limited credit records. The model aims at providing a framework for evaluating the current privacy provisions in the credit market which mandate the removal of information about borrowers' past performance from public registers after a finite number of years. / Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, 2011

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No description available.