[pt] Esta pesquisa é sobre o Centro de Experimentação Poética - CEP 20.000, evento mensal de multilinguagens realizado no Rio de Janeiro desde 1990. Inicialmente se prometia uma Zona Autônoma Temporária (Hakim Bey), mas que transformou-se num movimento que há 4 gerações serve de enclave livre para novas formas de expressão artística e pensamento crítico. O objetivo da pesquisa é ler o CEP através da formação de novos possíveis gerada pelos encontros frequentes. Como isso atravessa a cidade e é atravessado por ela. O texto se estrutura através de séries heterogêneas de fragmentos combinados, com trechos de textos teórico-poéticos, acontecimentos e performances ocorridas no CEP. Partindo de uma comparação com o período da contracultura e da Poesia Marginal nos anos 70, minha intenção é tensionar essa experiência em constante mutação com as reflexões que Suely Rolnik vem desenvolvendo em torno do corpo vibrátil e da micropolítica dos afetos, em intercessão com Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari. A ênfase maior da pesquisa recairá sobre as formas de subjetivação e o lugar do outro no CEP 20.000. / [en] This research is about the Center for Poetic Experimentation - CEP 20,000, a monthly multi-language event held in Rio de Janeiro since 1990. Initially, a Temporary Autonomous Zone (Hakim Bey) was promised, but it has become a movement that for 4 generations a free enclave for new forms of artistic expression and critical thinking. The purpose of the research is to read the CEP through the formation of new ones generated by frequent encounters. How it crosses the city and is crossed by it. The text is structured through heterogeneous series of combined fragments, with excerpts from theoretical-poetic texts, events and performances that occurred in the CEP. Starting from a comparison with the period of counterculture and Marginal Poetry in the 1970s, my intention is to strain this experience in constant mutation with the reflections that Suely Rolnik has been developing around the vibrating body and the micropolitics of the affections, in intercession with Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari. The major emphasis of the research will fall on the forms of subjectivation and the place of the other in CEP 20,000.

Le procédé industriel d’extraction d'inuline consiste en une diffusion de longue durée et à température élevée. Ce procédé induit l’extraction des sucres mais également des impuretés. Les étapes de purification de jus deviennent alors plus complexes. Pour pallier à ces problèmes, il est essentiel de réduire la température de diffusion pour limiter l’extraction des impuretés. Récemment, la technique de champs électriques pulsés (CEP) a démonté ses avantages dans le domaine sucrier et également dans d’autres applications agro-alimentaires. L’objectif de ce travail de thèse est de d’optimiser et valider la faisabilité de cette techniques dans le cas de la chicorée. Une purification par filtration dynamique est envisagée et proposée pour remplacer la purification classique. Les résultats de l’extraction montrent qu’il est possible d’intensifier l’extraction de l’inuline par application de CEP. Le prétraitement des cossettes de chicorées à 600 V/cm et 50 ms, réduit de 20°C la température de diffusion (60°C au lieu de 80°C actuellement). Une économie d’énergie importante est réalisée (gain 90 kJ/kg chicory juice). La combinaison innovante d’un prétraitement électrique et un traitement thermique (chauffage ohmique) provoque une perméabilisation importante des cellules et permet de réaliser des diffusions « à froid ». Les analyses qualitatives de jus de diffusion classique et jus CEP montrent que la pureté des extraits CEP est plus élevée (87.2% vs 86.7%). Les essais de filtration sur membrane montrent que les performances de la filtration (pureté, flux, colmatage,…) dépendent énormément de l’origine de l’extrait. Le jus CEP contient moins d’impureté que le jus thermique, est donc plus facile à filtré. Cependant, col matage de membrane restent dans les deux cas important. Un module de filtration dynamique avec disque rotatif a été utilisé pour améliorer les performances de la filtration. Ce module a permit de réduire le colmatage des membranes, améliorer la pureté des extraits et atteindre des facteurs de réduction volumique important (10). / Industrial inulin extraction requires high temperature and long duration to ensure inulin productivity. In addition complex steps are necessary to purify extracted chicory juice and to obtain inulin with desirable purity. In order to avoid the extracting of inulin at high temperature, to obtain chicory juice with better quality and to purify chicory juice with more simple operation, pulsed electric fields (PEF) and membrane filtration were applied to this study : PEF was used to intensify inulin extraction from chicory roots. By pre-treatment of chicory slices at 600 V/cm, diffusion temperature at pilot scale can be decreased to 60oC from about 80oC (industrial extraction condition) to obtain comparable juice inulin concentration. Moreover, this moderate temperature diffusion brought out interesting energy savings compared to that of conventional diffusion. For the goal of extracting inulin at “cold” condition (for example 30oC) PEF induced combined electroporation/ohmic heating pretreatment was applied for chicory tissue denaturation. Better solute extraction was observed after effective damage of chicory tissue diffusivity.Juice extracted from PEF assisted diffusion (PEF juice) was confirmed had higher inulin purity and less impurity in comparison to juice from conventional thermal diffusion process. The juice was purified by membrane filtration in order to investigate a simple chicory juice purification method. Since it contains less impurity, dead-end filtration performance of PEF juice was significantly improved, with less membrane fouling and higher inulin purity in filtrate. However, permeate flux of membrane filtration was seriously restricted by the membrane fouling. In order to improve filtration flux, rotating disk module was introduced in this study for clarification and purification of chicory juice. Elevated shear rate of rotating disk (1500–2000 rpm) could effectively control or even eliminate membrane fouling and lead to satisfying carbohydrate transmission (98%) and desirable permeate flux even at high volume reduction ratio (10). In view of energy saving, optimization of RDM assisted chicory juice filtration was carried out and yielded optimal operation conditions to maximize average flux and minimize specific energy consumption.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T22:10:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tsuyoshi.pdf: 2918778 bytes, checksum: 0582f83031f201cf5c9075263e1fe8c4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-14 / Manufacturing electronic mobile communication products requires high quality control, achieved through measurements and tunings of each unit produced. The goal of this publication is the evaluation of statistical process control (SPC) to monitor the quality of products and the process capability index Cpk. In other words, this study compares the sensitivity of control charts to detect variations in process mean and standard deviation. In this sense, Shewhart control charts and cumulative sum (CUSUM) control charts were comparatively analyzed to select the best SPC in order to guarantee more accurate measurements and devices tuned with lower deviations. Shewhart, in this case, uses the mean and the standard deviation of samples measured during a defined period of time. CUSUM control charts, based on cumulative sums, are statistical tools successfully used to evaluate processes in different industries. The Shewhart control chart was optimized to monitor the capability index Cpk. According to results obtained under the conditions of this experience, CUSUM control chart has higher sensibility when the process has small shifts. It was not observed efficacy of optimized Shewhart control chart to monitor Cpk. / A manufatura de produtos eletrônicos de comunicação móvel demanda um controle de qualidade apurado que é atingido através de medições e de sintonias de cada unidade produzida. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o uso de controle estatístico de processo (CEP) para monitorar a qualidade dos produtos e o índice Cpk de capacidade do processo. Em outras palavras, este estudo compara a sensibilidade do gráfico de controle para detectar variações na média e no desvio padrão do processo. Nesse sentido, foi usada a medição de um parâmetro crítico do dispositivo produzido, a potência irradiada. Neste estudo, gráficos de controle de Shewhart e de soma cumulativa (CUSUM) foram analisados comparativamente para encontrar o melhor CEP para garantir medições mais exatas e dispositivos sintonizados com menores desvios. Shewhart, neste caso, usa a média e o desvio padrão de amostras observadas num período de tempo definido. Os gráficos de controle CUSUM, baseado em somas cumulativas, são ferramentas estatísticas usadas com sucesso para avaliar processos de diferentes indústrias. O gráfico de Shewhart foi otimizado para monitorar o índice de capacidade Cpk. De acordo com os resultados obtidos nas condições do experimento, o gráfico de controle CUSUM mostrou maior sensibilidade para pequenos desvios no processo. Não foi obsevada a eficácia do gráfico de Shewhart otimizado para monitorar o índice de capacidade Cpk.

<p>The relatively simple innate immune system of <italic>Caenorhabditis elegans</italic> and the number of traits that facilitate genetic and genomic analysis using this organism have nurtured rapid advances into the understanding of <italic>C. elegans</italic> innate immunity during the last few years. However, traditional methods of isolating and mapping <italic>C. elegans</italic> mutants exhibiting aberrant immune responses to pathogen infection are often labor intensive and time consuming. Therefore, a simple and rapid means of isolating and mapping <italic>C. elegans</italic> immune mutants will increase the number of mutants that can be studied. <italic>Salmonella enterica</italic>, as well as other bacterial pathogens, has been described to cause a significant distension of the <italic>C. elegans</italic> intestinal lumen, which correlates with death of the nematode. <italic>C. elegans</italic> mutants which exhibit a weakened immune response would therefore be expected to develop intestinal distension at an earlier time point than wild type. Likewise, mutants which exhibit an enhanced immune response would be expected to develop intestinal distension at a later time point than wild type. Taking advantage of this correlation, we designed a novel approach to isolating <italic>C. elegans</italic> mutants which exhibit aberrant immune responses to the bacterial pathogen, <italic>S. enterica</italic>. Furthermore, we validated and optimized the use of Amplifluor®, a high-throughput genotyping system, for use in <italic>C. elegans</italic> single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mapping. </p><p>To date, the only known negative regulators of innate immunity in <italic>C. elegans</italic> are dependent on the FOXO transcription factor, DAF-16 and regulate lifespan in addition to immunity. Therefore, we focused our efforts on identifying additional negative regulators of innate immunity by screening for mutants which display a reduced accumulation of <italic>S. enterica</italic> at a time point when wild-type nematodes are packed with bacteria. In a genetic screen for <italic>C. elegans</italic> mutants which display reduced accumulation of <italic>S. enterica</italic>/GFP, we identified a mutation in <italic>nol-6</italic>, a nucleolar protein containing a nucleolar RNA-associated protein (Nrap) domain which is conserved across eukaryotic organisms. <italic>nol-6</italic> is implicated in ribosomal RNA (rRNA) processing during the early stages of ribosome biogenesis. We show that knockdown of <italic>nol-6</italic> as well as other nucleolar genes leads to a reduction of pathogen accumulation and enhanced resistance to killing by pathogen. In addition, we demonstrate that enhanced resistance is dependent on p53/<italic>cep-1</italic>. Furthermore, microarray analysis shows a significant enrichment of upregulated genes that have previously been shown to be dependent on p53/<italic>cep-1</italic> for induction following ultraviolet radiation. These results represent the first evidence that <italic>C. elegans</italic> innate immunity is regulated by the nucleolus through a p53/<italic>cep-1</italic>-dependent mechanism.</p> / Dissertation

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T16:32:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo6269_1.pdf: 1525051 bytes, checksum: c460e375afe452c8ea8797f4ab2951f1 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Técnicas estatísticas são excelentes para demonstrar o grau de segurança requerido por um processo farmacêutico. Assim sendo, o controle estatístico de processo (CEP) é uma das mais poderosas metodologias desenvolvidas visando auxiliar no controle eficaz da qualidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi utilizar as ferramentas disponibilizadas pelo CEP, como cartas ou gráficos de controle, para detectar desvios de parâmetros representativos do processo, reduzindo a quantidade de produtos fora de especificações e os custos de produção na Indústria Farmacêutica. Como o acompanhamento de diversas linhas de produção tornaria o trabalho extenso, optou-se por desenvolvê-lo na Divisão de Formas Farmacêuticas Sólidas (comprimidos) do Laboratório Farmacêutico do Estado de Pernambuco, S/A, onde foram verificadas a estabilidade estatística do processo produtivo e a fidelidade dos registros das informações geradas. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com 3 produtos (captopril , dipirona e metildopa) cuja criticidade do processo já havia sido identificada através das informações contidas nos registros de lotes e em pesquisas retrospectivas. Foi acompanhada cada etapa do processo produtivo para que todos os dados fossem tratados de maneira a sugerir correções, quando necessárias, aumentando desta forma a segurança do processo para obtenção de comprimidos pelo LAFEPE, além de gerar uma otimização no processo, possibilitando uma redução de custos industriais na produção de formas farmacêuticas sólidas. Como conclusão foram apresentadas sugestões visando à melhoria do processo produtivo estudado

Submitted by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-05-22T19:43:27Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Reprodução Não Autorizada.pdf: 47716 bytes, checksum: 0353d988c60b584cfc9978721c498a11 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-05-22T19:43:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Reprodução Não Autorizada.pdf: 47716 bytes, checksum: 0353d988c60b584cfc9978721c498a11 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-22T19:43:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Reprodução Não Autorizada.pdf: 47716 bytes, checksum: 0353d988c60b584cfc9978721c498a11 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-19 / The pharmaceutical industry is one of the most competitive and requires constant innovation, dynamism, investments in research and development. The adoption of quality tools in order to ensure efficient production processes that accomplish the parameters defined by companies and legislation, is capable of increasing the productivity of processes, as well as avoiding waste of raw materials, inputs and other industrialization products . Statistical Process Control is one of the quality tools that have a statistical nature, and with the use of charts or graphs of control, allows the visualization of the behavior of the process over time, the control for detection of deviations of parameters representative of the process and the analysis and blocking of possible special causes responsible for the instabilities of the process under study, reducing the quantity of products out of specification and production costs. In this way, this work aims to identify the critical points in the production of drugs in a pharmaceutical industry from the application of control charts. This study is a retrospective analysis of data from 26 batches produced from a topical product line of a pharmaceutical industry during the year 2016, using the data related to the liquid packaging processes considering the parameters of net weight, weight of talcum, tube / valve height, tube / valve diameter and gas container, considering the process parameters of the net gas weight, gross weight and pressure. In the first phase, a descriptive analysis (Action Stat® software) and the normality test for variables (software R, Livre) were performed, applying the Shapiro-Wilk test to evaluate if the sample had a Normal distribution to perform an exploratory verification on viability of application of the control charts, where it was possible to verify that the parameters liquid weight, talc weight, net weight of gas and pressure were normal. However, the parameters of tube / valve height, tube / valve diameter and gross weight were not normal and could not have their control charts considered for the studies. In the second phase, the data that showed normality had their control charts for variables X bar and R, mean and amplitude, applied, in addition to calculations related to the capacity of the process with analysis, interpretation of results and suggestion of improvements, where the following results were observed: 1) the net weight parameter presents a process under control with Cp = 1.05 and Cpk = 0.71 and not able; 2) the weight parameter of the talc presents a process under control with Cp = 0.60 and Cpk = 0.59 and also not able; 3) the parameter net weight of the gas after a second plot of the data was under control and with Cp = 1.17 and Cpk = 1.03 and reasonably capable; 4) the pressure parameter also after a second plot of the data was under control and with Cp = 4.29 and Cpk = 4.16 and able. As an improvement, an Ishikawa Diagram was created for each parameter studied in order to investigate the special causes that may act under the process and a framework that assists in corrective action measures. / A indústria farmacêutica é uma das mais competitivas e que exige constante inovação, dinamismo, investimentos em pesquisa e desenvolvimento. A adoção de ferramentas da qualidade como intuito de garantir processos produtivos eficientes e que atendam aos parâmetros definidos pelas empresas e pela legislação, é capaz de aumentar a produtividade dos processos, além de se evitar desperdícios de matérias-primas, insumos e outros produtos de industrialização. O Controle Estatístico de Processo é uma das ferramentas da qualidade que possui natureza estatística, e com a utilização das cartas ou gráficos de controle, possibilita a visualização do comportamento do processo no decorrer do tempo, e controle para detecção de desvios de parâmetros representativos do processo, e da análise e bloqueio de possíveis causas especiais, responsáveis pelas instabilidades do processo em estudo, reduzindo a quantidade de produtos fora de especificação e os custos de produção. Desta forma, este trabalho objetiva identificar os pontos críticos na produção de medicamentos em uma indústria farmacêutica a partir da aplicação das cartas de controle. Este estudo trata-se de uma análise retrospectiva dos dados de 26 lotes produzidos de uma linha de medicamento tópico de uma indústria farmacêutica no decorrer do ano de 2016, utilizando os dados referentes aos processos de envase do líquido considerando os parâmetros de peso líquido, peso do talco, altura do tubo/válvula, diâmetro do tubo/válvula e envase do gás, considerando os parâmetros de processo do peso líquido do gás, peso bruto e pressão. Na primeira fase foi realizada análise descritiva (software Action Stat®) e o teste de normalidade para variáveis (software R, Livre), aplicando o teste de Shapiro-Wilk para avaliar se a amostra possuia distribuição Normal para realizar uma verificação exploratória sobre a viabilidade de aplicação das cartas de controle, onde foi possível verificar que os parâmetros peso líquido, peso do talco, peso líquido do gás e pressão apresentaram normalidade. Já os parâmetros altura do tubo/válvula, diâmetro do tubo/válvula e peso bruto não apresentaram normalidade e não puderam ter as suas cartas de controle consideradas para o estudos. Na segunda fase, os dados que apresentaram normalidade tiveram as suas cartas de controle para variáveis X barra e R, média e amplitude, aplicadas, além de serem realizados os cálculos relativos à capacidade do processo com análise, interpretação dos resultados e sugestão de melhorias, onde observaram-se os seguintes resultados: 1) o parâmetro peso líquido apresenta um processo sob controle com Cp = 1,05 e Cpk = 0,71 e não capaz; 2) o parâmetro peso do talco apresenta um processo sob controle com Cp = 0,60 e Cpk = 0,59 e também não capaz; 3) o parâmetro peso líquido do gás, após uma segunda plotagem dos dados apresentou-se sob controle e com Cp = 1,17 e Cpk = 1,03 e razoavelmente capaz; 4) o parâmetro pressão também após uma segunda plotagem dos dados apresentou-se sob controle e com Cp = 4,29 e Cpk = 4,16 e capaz. Como melhoria foi criado um Diagrama de Ishikawa para cada parâmetro estudado a fim de investigar as causas especiais que possam atuar sob o processo e um quadro que auxilia nas medidas de ação para correção.

La limitation de la production de biogaz liée aux substrats mobilisables à faible potentiel méthanogène et, les contraintes d’épandage qui conduisent au séchage du digestat, en vue de sa stabilisation ou de son transport, sont deux enjeux pour le développement du procédé de méthanisation. L’effet de la désintégration cellulaire induite par un prétraitement par Champs Électriques Pulsés (CEP) sur la production de biogaz a été évalué sur différents substrats. L’intensité de champ appliqué a varié entre 500 et 3600 V∙cm-1 et les indices de désintégration cellulaire correspondants ont été calculés. L’influence du prétraitement par CEP sur la production de méthane en réacteur batch de 500 mL a été étudiée en utilisant la méthodologie des plans d’expériences et en intégrant différents modes de préparation (taille de particules, préchauffage, hygiénisation). Les résultats obtenus montrent que le traitement CEP peut significativement intensifier la production de biogaz (+5,2 à +12,5 % de CH4). Pour le séchage des digestats, un système de séchage convectif par air chaud à température modérée (40 à 70°C) a été utilisé. D’une part, les effets de la vitesse d’air et de la température de séchage ont été étudiés. D’autre part, les effets de prétraitements par CEP, par micro-ondes, et après un cycle de congélation/décongélation ont également été testés. Nous avons identifié, en utilisant la seconde loi de Fick, les coefficients effectifs de diffusion et conclu à l’inefficacité des CEP pour le séchage des digestats et dans les conditions de séchage testées. / The limitation of the biogas production related to the accessibility of the substrates with a low biochemical methane potential, as well as the constraints of spreading which lead to the drying of the digestate, in order to stabilize or to transport the dried digestate, are two issues for the development of the methanisation process. The cellular disintegration’s effect induced by Pulsed Electrical Field (PEF) pretreatment on biogas production is evaluated on different substrates. The applied field’s strength is varied between 500 and 3600 V/cm and the corresponding cell disintegration index were calculated. The influence of PEF pretreatment on methane production was examined in a 500 mL batch reactor using the experimental design methodology and integrating different methods of preparation (size of particles, preheating, hygenisation). The obtained results show that PEF treatment can significantly increase the biogas production (+5.2 to +12.5% CH4). For the drying of the digestates, a convective drying system with hot air at a moderate temperature (40 to 70°C) is used. On the one hand, the effects of air velocity and drying temperature are evaluated. On the other hand, the effects of pre-processing by PEF, by microwaves, and after a freeze thawing cycle were also tested. Using the second Fick's law, the effective diffusion coefficients are identified and it was concluded that PEFs are ineffective for drying the digestates under the tested drying conditions.

The main goal of this thesis is to find an optimal CEP service provider for specific company by using Fuller's pairwise comparison method. The thesis focuses only on B2B field. The products and parameters are chosen on that basis and they also correspond to needs of the company. At the beginning there is theoretical part, which enables to understand the following problematic and analysis properly. The next part explains the needs of companies in B2B field in the terms of CEP services. The last part is mainly about analysis and about the specific case. At the end of the thesis there is a final conclusion.

La necesidad de diseñar e implementar arquitecturas inteligentes impone grandes retos que exceden las capacidades del software desarrollado hasta el momento, pues no existen arquitecturas inteligentes que se adapten a los cambios del escenario físico y tomen decisiones en tiempo real. Esto significa que uno de los retos críticos en el problema planteado está en el campo de la ingeniería y arquitectura software, que tienen que estar dispuestos a entender la interactividad de cambios en las variables del entorno físico, lo cual implica que el enfoque dado a dichas arquitecturas debe redirigirse al diseño e implementación de un nuevo paradigma de inteligencia en los ecosistemas en los que actúan la ingeniería y la arquitectura. Para atacar las necesidades de inteligencia expuestas anteriormente, proponemos una arquitectura como marco de referencia inteligente, diseñada en torno a la exposición de servicios y microservicios dirigidos por eventos con la capacidad funcional de procesar eventos complejos, los cuales pueden ser configurados, parametrizados y direccionados, diseñando patrones que adquieren inteligencia. Estos patrones son diseñados e implementados de acuerdo con un análisis previo de las rutinas de comportamiento de objetos o personas en un escenario dado. La inteligencia radica en la forma de inferir nuevos eventos más complejos, con mayor significado semántico y ontológico, a partir de la suma de eventos simples. Esto nos permite implementar patrones de comportamiento relevantes detectados por dispositivos sensores (cámaras de videovigilancia, sensores visuales, sensores de detección de señales, de proximidad, etc.) instalados en escenarios físicos. El diseño de arquitectura propuesto está orientado al aprendizaje de los patrones, de tal forma que a partir de este aprendizaje, analice la serie de eventos y derive conclusiones de ellos, dependiendo si en los eventos analizados existen situaciones catalogadas como inusuales o de interés. Todo lo anterior le permite al sistema reaccionar y someter la información a un procesamiento en línea y mejorar en la toma decisiones. En nuestro caso, también proveemos inteligencia desde el software, dado que la inteligencia diseñada a través de los patrones es recursiva en la suma de capacidades de los diferentes comportamientos que puede adquirir un evento expuesto a través de un microservicio. En el cual, la inteligencia se debe al engranaje conjunto de los componentes en un ecosistema dado en el que actúe el microservicio (sistemas ciberfísicos, la nube, redes neuronales, inteligencia artificial, robótica, etc.). Además, la inteligencia radica en la forma como los servicios compiten por los recursos de información subyacentes en los dispositivos sensores y por las necesidades de competencia por la infraestructura del ambiente IoT y la nube.

Neutrophils and macrophages accumulate at sites of inflammation and cause chronic inflammation leading to various diseases. Therefore, to better understand chronic disease pathways it is important to investigate the properties of macrophage accumulation in inflamed tissues. The I-domain of the macrophage receptor integrin aDb2 plays a vital role in macrophage retention by binding to CEP (carboxyethyl pyrrole), a ligand available at inflammatory sites. This thesis mainly focuses on evaluating the binding site within integrin aDb2 that binds carboxyethyl pyrrole (CEP)-modified proteins. So, a recombinant plasmid construct containing the integrin I-domain was developed. Seven non-conserved amino acids were mutated by PCR-site-directed mutagenesis to create a mutant construct. After expressing in E. coli, the binding affinities of wild-type and mutant I-domains to CEP were analyzed using biolayer interferometry. It was found that a patch of seven positively charged amino acids contributes to the strong binding of the I domain to CEP.