This dissertation explores historical and contemporary occurrences of glossolalia or 'speaking in tongues', the production of a series of phonetically transcribable language-like but generally, non-cognitive sounds in a variety of (primarily religious; settings. The main issues are why some are susceptible to glossolalia, some may learn it, some crave the ability but cannot do so, and others are repelled. Divided into three parts, Part I of the dissertation considers the phenomenon of glossolalia itself and moves on to historical and cross-cultural contexts, relating glossolalia to that other realm often described as divine or mystical or supernatural or, as here, paranormal. While vocalizations of various kinds seem common to states of religious ecstasy cross-culturally, as a particular kind of vocalization (which need not occur in ecstasy) giossolaiia seems to be largely confined to, and has acquired a special significance in, Christianity. Further, it is regarded by modern Pentecosta1ists as a rite of passage known as a Baptism of the Holy Spirit which gives access to additional paranormal gifts: powers of wisdom, knowledge, prophecy, healing, exorcism. Part II examines theological, linguistic, and anthropological perspectives, and focuses on: the hostile attitudes of ecclesiastical orthodoxies towards glossolalia and the claims of glossolalists; the non-cognitive nature of glossolaliia despite the claims of Pentecostalists (albeit glossolalia may be a reiigious or 'praise' language) that glossolalia is cognitive and may be interpreted; the concept of taboo in its double sense of forbidden 'because dangerous/therefore attractive'; the validity of that basic assumption of social science, the psychic unity of mankind, in relation to intuitions of the dual nature of human personality and scientific knowledge of the nature and functions of the two hemispheres of the human brain. Giving particular attention to the cultural aetiology of glossolalia, especially in relation to authority, Part III analyses a series of interviews with, and C.L.E.M. tests of, glossolalists, would-be glossolalists and others, relating the results to present knowledge concerning the nature and functions of the Right and Left hemispheres of the human brain. While most people everywhere, responding to the requirements of their cultures, tend to activate their Left hemispheres, the research suggests that, in general, access to the paranormal, supernatural, or divine seems to be a function of the Right hemisphere, and in particular, that glossolalists tend to be Right hemisphere dominant. / Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies / Graduate

Orientador: Vanda Maria Gimenes Gonçalves / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-23T22:17:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_ReginaCeliaTurollade_M.pdf: 2210777 bytes, checksum: 706c328e6570fb2fc2b22e9b4dacd4c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1998 / Resumo: O presente trabalho teve como propósito, utilizar uma avaliação neuromotora específica, que pudesse auxiliar na detecção de alterações neuromotoras permanentes ou transitórias, no primeiro trimestre de vida do lactente. Foram selecionados, no período de novembro de 1994 a novembro de 1996, 44 recém-nascidos a termo, que apresentaram um ou mais critérios para o diagnóstico de asfixia perinatal, no Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher (CAISM) da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Foram considerados como indicadores para o diagnóstico de asfixia perinatal: a) diminuição na freqüência cardíaca fetal b) índice de Apgar menor ou igual a seis no 5o minuto, c) assistência ventilatória com máscara ou tubo endotraqueal de pressão positiva. Cada lactente foi avaliado mensalmente no primeiro trimestre de vida, através de uma variação da técnica de avaliação neuromotora de AMJJEL-TISON & GRENIER (1981), modificada pelo uso do goniómetro. Na análise dos resultados foram utilizados a prova Q de Cochran para k amostras relacionadas, com o objetivo de comparar as proporções das variáveis de interesse nos três primeiros meses e o teste não paramétrico de Wilcoxon para amostras pareadas, objetivando analisar as assimetrias angulares. Foram utilizados ainda os testes de Fisher e %2. Verificou-se que não houve associação significativa dos indicadores de risco para asfixia perinatal e o exame neuromotor final. Foram significativas as manobras do ângulo adutor do quadril, calcanhar-orelha direito e esquerdo e ângulo poplíteo direito e esquerdo sugerindo hipotonia muscular do tono passivo de membros inferiores. Essas diferenças foram expressivas, comparando-se os resultados obtidos entre o primeiro e terceiro meses. Em relação às assimetrias, verificou-se que houveram evidencias nas provas dos ângulos calcanhar-orelha e poplíteo nos 2° e 3° meses, e manobra de cachecol em todo o primeiro trimestre. / Abstract: The purpose of this research was to utilize a specific neuromotor evaluation in order to help the detection of persistent or transitory neuromotor sequels in the first three months of life. There were 44 full-term neonates from the Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher (CAISM), from november, 1994 until november, 1996, who presented one or more than one indicators of perinatal asphyxia. The indicators for perinatal asphyxia were: o Decrease of the fetal cardiac beating; o Apgar score below or equal to 6 at 5th minute; o Use of oxygen with positive pressure mask or endotraqueal tube at birth. Each infant was evaluated monthly, in the first three months of life, with the neuromotor assessment from AMIEL-TISON & GRENEER (1981), modified by the used of a goniometer. The statistical analysis of results was done by the COCHRAN Q test to K related samples, in order to compare the variables of the proportions in the first 3 months; and the WTLCOXON nonparametric test to matched samples, to study the angular assymetries. There were no significant related to indicators for perinatal asphyxia. In relation to the assymetries, there were evidences in the test of heel to ear angles and popliteal angle in the second and third months; and maneuvers scarf-sign in the first, second and third months of life. / Mestrado / Mestre em Neurociencias

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T23:02:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo4383_1.pdf: 2488118 bytes, checksum: 6319faa924393c55a7e426be9514dcdd (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Faculdade de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco / Sabe-se que o etanol e a desnutrição podem produzir vários efeitos no Sistema Nervoso Central, tais como, microcefalia, deficiência mental, disfunção motora e deficiências cognitivas, no entanto, os mecanismos que induzem estas alterações permanecem desconhecidos ou pouco entendidos. Baseando-se nessas informações, o presente estudo avaliou os efeitos do etanol e desnutrição sobre a área e perímetro do soma, o número e a extensão dos prolongamentos primários dos neurônios NADPH-diaforase, bem como a densidade neuronal nas camadas corticais do córtex visual através de parâmetros morfométricos. Para tanto, estudou-se o córtex visual de ratos machos Wistar, com 40 dias de idade, gerados e amamentados por matrizes submetidas à dieta multicarencial (8% de proteína) e à administração de álcool (Aguardente comercial ou Etanol PA). Os animais foram distribuídos em seis grupos experimentais conforme o tratamento (N, D, AN, AD, EN e ED). Os cortes histológicos encefálicos foram corados pelo método Cresil Violeta - coloração de Nissl - e pelo método indireto da enzima málica para a marcação histoquímica das células NADPH diaforase. Houve modificação nos padrões morfológicos do córtex visual de ratos, observando-se que: a) a desnutrição não influenciou a densidade neuronal, porém em relação aos neurônios NADPH-diaforase, encontrou-se redução na densidade, área, perímetro, extensão e número dos prolongamentos; b) o tratamento com álcool isoladamente ou associado à desnutrição teve influência sobre a densidade neuronal, bem como na área, perímetro, extensão dos prolongamentos e densidade dos neurônios NADPH-diaforase positivos, porém não influenciou no número de prolongamentos. Concluiu-se que o álcool e a desnutrição, de forma isolada ou em associação, influenciaram o perfil morfológico de neurônios córtex visual durante o desenvolvimento perinatal de ratos jovens

Tesis para optar al grado de Doctor en Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Mención Fluidodinámica / Los aneurismas cerebrales son patologías que consisten en dilataciones localizadas de las arterias cerebrales. En algunos casos son asintomáticos, y en otros, sufren ruptura ocasionando hemorragia subaracnoidea pudiendo provocar la muerte. Los avances tecnológicos han permitido su detección temprana. No obstante, dada la poca comprensión existente respecto a la posibilidad de ruptura, el tratamiento preferido sigue siendo la cirugía, la cual es de gran riesgo para el paciente. Por lo tanto, un mejor entendimiento de los aneurismas cerebrales permitiría tratar sólo aquellos que realmente comprometen la salud de la persona. En la última década se han identificado la morfología y la hemodinámica como factores relevantes en el desarrollo y ruptura de los aneurismas cerebrales. Este trabajo profundiza en la materia por medio de la caracterización morfológica y hemodinámica de 71 aneurismas cerebrales de pacientes específicos. Los análisis son llevados a cabo haciendo uso de imágenes médicas y fluidodinámica computacional. El objetivo es determinar un modelo estadístico que permita evaluar el riesgo de ruptura de un aneurisma cerebral. En la primera parte se estudia el efecto de la reología de la sangre en los esfuerzos de corte en el aneurisma. Los resultados revelan que el modelo newtoniano y el modelo de Casson entregan valores similares. Sin embargo, en las zonas de baja circulación de la sangre, los valores difieren, provocando que la reología newtoniana subestime los esfuerzos de corte. Por lo tanto, se recomienda emplear el modelo de Casson en las caracterizaciones hemodinámicas. Durante la segunda parte se calculan un total de 9 parámetros morfológicos y 6 parámetros hemodinámicos sobre 71 aneurismas cerebrales (36 no rotos, 35 rotos). A través de estadística inferencial y las curvas características del receptor se determinan la razón de tamaño, el esfuerzo de corte de pared diastólico, el esfuerzo de corte de pared sistólico y el tiempo de residencia relativo como los parámetros que mejor discriminan el riesgo de ruptura. De manera interesante, la regresión logística multivariada revela que la combinación de la razón de tamaño y el esfuerzo de corte de pared diastólico son un mejor predictor de la probabilidad de ruptura. De aquí se concluye que un enfoque morfológico-hemodinámico es crucial para mejorar el diagnóstico y tratamiento de los aneurismas cerebrales. / CONICYT Beca de Doctorado Nacional N° 21151448

The brain is a complex system which consists of billions of neuron cells and gives rise to diverse neural dynamics spatially and temporally. Spontaneous neural activities construct the foundation for various cognitive processing. However, caused by the limitation spatiotemporal resolution and coverage of recording methods in experiments, the organization of spatiotemporal dynamics of the self-organized brain activity remains largely unknown. Current experimental technique can optically image population voltage transients generated by pyramidal neurons across cortical layer 2/3 of the mouse dorsally with a genetically encoded voltage indicator. Such data provided unique opportunities to investigate the structure- dynamics relationship to elucidate the mechanisms of spontaneous brain activity. The aim of this thesis is to develop a systematic understanding of spatiotemporal mechanism in the mouse cortex by analyzing voltage imaging data, in collaboration with neuroscientist Dr. Knöpfel from the Imperial College London. Local oscillation properties such as duration, amplitude and oscillation forms were studies on the cortex-wide scale and be compared among brain states. Wakefulness modulated the excitability of the neural activity which influenced the duration of the oscillation and the transition of different half wave types. Relatively larger amplitude of parietal cortex reflected stronger neural activity determined by structural hierarchy. Motifs of the oscillations showed consistency in different brain states which indicated typical pathways of the wave propagations. Dynamical properties of various waves and their interactions in sedated mice were investigated. Based on phase velocity fields, there were only a small number of large-scale, cortex-wide plane wave and synchrony (standing wave) patterns during Up-Down states. Interactions of local sources and sinks can generate saddles, and interactions of local wave patterns with large plane waves can induce a change of their wave propagating direction. Local wave patterns emerged at preferred spatial locations. Specifically, sources were predominantly found in cortical regions with high cumulative input through the underlying connectome. The findings revealed the principled spatiotemporal dynamics of Up-Down states and associated them with the large-scale cortical connectome. Waking from deep anesthesia to consciousness increased the number of local wave patterns and made the spatiotemporal dynamics more complex. Although the active state increased the wave propagation speeds, the average speed decreased because of the interaction and collapse of wave patterns. Not affected by the brain states, the two principal modes with the highest variance remained stable. The first mode represented the large waves spreading across the cortex forward or backward while the second mode corresponded to the waves propagating in opposite direction in the frontal and parietal cortex. An infra-slow frequency of the wave number might reflect the bold flow and oxygenation. The characterizations presented in this thesis can be used to predict and guide measurement and analysis of large-scale brain activity. The analysis of cortex-wide neural dynamical patterns builds foundation for further investigation of their functional implications.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a critical role in the induction of innate immune responses which have been implicated in neuronal death induced by global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (GCI/R). The present study investigated the role and mechanisms-of-action of TLR4 signaling in ischemia-induced hippocampal neuronal death. Neuronal damage, activation of the TLR4 signaling pathway, expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the hippocampal formation (HF) were assessed in wild type (WT) mice and TLR4 knockout (TLR4-/-) mice after GCI/R. GCI/R increased expression of TLR4 protein in the hippocampal formation (HF) and other brain structures in WT mice. Phosphorylation of the inhibitor of kappa B (p-Ik{cyrillic}B) as well as activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NFk{cyrillic}B) increased in the HF of WT mice. In contrast, there were lower levels of p-Ik{cyrillic}B and NFk{cyrillic}B binding activity in TLR4-/- mice subjected to GCI/R. Pro-inflammatory cytokine expression was also decreased, while phosphorylation of Akt and GSK3β were increased in the HF of TLR4-/- mice after GCI/R. These changes correlated with decreased neuronal death/apoptosis in TLR4-/- mice following GCI/R. These data suggest that activation of TLR4 signaling contributes to ischemia-induced hippocampal neuronal death. In addition, these data suggest that modulation of TLR4 signaling may attenuate ischemic injury in hippocampal neurons.

Objetivo: Este trabajo tuvo por objetivo determinar las características asociadas a las disfagias neurogénicas en niños con Parálisis Cerebral Infantil del tipo espástica, atetósico y mixto. Método: Fueron evaluados 50 pacientes, siendo 30 espásticos, 10 atetósicos y 10 mixtos, con edades comprendidas entre 1 a 10 años del Hogar Clínica San Juan de Dios. Resultado: Se logró determinar que en los tres tipos de parálisis cerebral tuvieron alteración en la fase oral de la deglución, con perjuicio en el mecanismo de presión de la cavidad oral y en la preparación del bolo. La fase faríngea se mostró poco alterada, observándose mayor alteración en los tipos espástico y mixto, se determinó la presencia de tos antes del inicio de la fase faríngea como característica más frecuente, seguida del reflujo nasal como segunda característica más resaltante. Además en 2 de los pacientes se evidenciaron señales clínicas de aspiraciones. Algunos de los pacientes tuvieron alteración en el tiempo de inicio del reflejo de deglución o permanencia del alimento en la faringe. Conclusión: Fue posible concluir que la mayor dificultad del niño con parálisis cerebral es el control oral del alimento, independiente del tipo de parálisis cerebral. Además que la característica asociada a la disfagia faríngea, más común en los pacientes con parálisis cerebral es la presencia de tos antes del paso de la fase oral a la faríngea. / Tesis

Antecedentes y propósito.- La hiperglicemia postictal puede encontrarse hasta en un 28% de los pacientes sin historia de diabetes y diversos estudios reportan una morbimortalidad mayor que en los normoglicémicos. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar si la hiperglicemia incrementa la morbimortalidad en los pacientes no diabéticos con ECV aterotrombótica aguda. Métodos.- Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, analítico y longitudinal en pacientes no diabéticos, edad entre 40 a 80 años de edad, atendidos en el Hospital Nacional Daniel A. Carrión con diagnóstico de ECV aterotrombótica aguda a los cuales se les realizó seguimiento hasta los 3 meses de evolución. Resultados.- Reunieron los criterios para el estudio 10 pacientes, de los cuales el 40% cursaron con hiperglicemia en la fase aguda. No existieron fallecidos en ninguno de los grupos. En los controles con la escala NIHSS a los 90 días (tercer control) el 30% presentó evolución favorable (10% hiperglicémicos y 20% normoglicémicos); pero, sin diferencia estadística significativa. Conclusiones.- La hiperglicemia en la fase aguda de la ECV isquémica aterotrombótica en pacientes no diabéticos no incrementa la morbimortalidad hasta los 3 meses de evolución. Sin embargo, es necesario considerar que la reducida muestra estudiada no permite plantear conclusiones generalizadas. / Tesis de segunda especialidad

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The attitudes of Indiana dentists toward the treatment of cerebral palsied patients were investigated. A two-page questionnaire constructed by the investigator was used. A sample of 506 dentists were selected: 402 general practitioners chosen on the basis of year of graduation, location and community size; and 104 specialists chosen on the basis of geographic location and type of practice. All of the practicing specialties were represented. Eighty percent of the questionnaires were returned, including 75 percent of general practitioners and 97 percent of specialists. The first hypothesis, that general practitioners are reluctant to treat cerebral palsied patients, was disproved. Forty-eight percent of the general practitioners had treated one or more such patients in the past year and 84 percent indicated willingness to treat these patients. The general practitioners cited a lack of proper equipment and a feeling of apprehension as problems. The second hypothesis, that the general practitioner in a community of less than 2,500 is more reluctant to treat cerebral palsied patients than those in a larger city, was also disproved. No statistically significant difference was found based on community size. The third hypothesis, that the general practitioner who has graduated from dental school within the last 10 years is less reluctant to treat these patients than earlier graduates, was also disproved. No statistically significant difference was found between these groups. The fourth hypothesis, that the general practitioner feels that he did not receive adequate education concerning treatment of these patients and is willing to acquire more knowledge, was verified. The fifth hypothesis, that the specialist is less reluctant to treat patients with cerebral palsy than is the general practitioners was verified. Nearly 90 per cent of the specialists indicated a willingness to treat patients with cerebral palsy.

No description available.