Fens are abundant in the San Juan Mountains. By exploring the geomorphology and geochemistry of fen wetlands, the functions that fens serve can be better understood. In this research, two main studies were conducted involving the geomorphology and geochemistry of fens. The first study involved a complex investigation of the geomorphology of five fen sites in the San Juan Mountains near Silverton, Colorado. Geomorphic maps were constructed for each fen site at a scale of ~1:3,000. A geomorphic classification scheme was then made based on fen location, and fens were placed in one of three categories: 1) valley-bottom, 2) valley-side, and 3) terrace. Fen circularity and elongation values were calculated for thirty fens to determine morphometry. A pattern for elongation of fens emerged between the three types of alpine fens with valley-bottom fens having an average elongation value of 1.7, valley-side 2.4, and terrace 1.9. Valley-side fens are more elongated than valley-bottom and terrace fens, which exhibit similar elongation values. In addition, sediment samples at each site were sectioned along visual breaks in the sediment column and were sieved. Mean phi values were calculated for each section and at each site. The mean phi values at California Gulch, Glacial Lake Ironton, Howardsville, Red Mountain Pass North, and Red Mountain Pass South, are 0.2112, 0.9045, 1.6028, 0.0178, and 1.0516, respectively. Overall, coarse-grained particles are associated with valley-side fens, and medium-grained particles are associated with valley-bottom and terrace fens. The second part of the study involved investigating the geochemistry of fen sediment. The geochemistry portion of this research focused on concentration and isotopic ratios of Pb and the amount of 137Cs in fen sediment to better understand variations of Pb with depth and calculate approximate sedimentation rates. Based on isotopic ratios of Pb, binary mixing was determined with the presence of ore mineralized Pb and non-ore mineralized. Binary mixing of two types of ore-mineralized Pb is present at the Howardsville fen and both ore-mineralized and non-ore mineralized Pb is present at the Red Mountain Pass North fen. Based on 137Cs in fen sediment at Howardsville, an average rate of deposition of sediment is approximately 0.16 cm/yr, with a visible change in sedimentation rates pre- and post-1960s.

The Planning and Building Act regulates how municipalities plan the use of land and water. When deciding on the detailed development plan, the respective municipality is responsible for the parking standard in the space that will be allocated for parking and which is made in connection with land construction. The decision is followed up in the building permit process. One of the requirements for building permits being granted is that the parking solution is approved. A public parking lot lease is a solution that is approved by law regarding parking in another area beyond one's own property. The municipality can be a party in the agreement for leasing public parking lots in the role of land access provider and may be responsible for preparing the parking lot. In order to be valid, the lease shall guarantee a measure of permanence over time. The rights that accompany the parking lot agreement need to be monitored by authority decisions that cause a change in land use. The municipalities' responsibility to meet the policy's stated objective to increase housing may result in already built-up areas becoming denser. Surfaces such as parking lots may be used for this purpose. Increased density in municipalities requires new detailed development planning. Thirty of the country's municipalities with the highest number of completed buildings, specifically multi-family housing, were examined for the time period 2005-2016. The basis for the analysis was experiencing increased density where the land area has been affected in relation to objects for public parking leases. Current legislation is interpreted to find support for the validity of leasing public parking lots in cases of changes in land use. This study's research question relates to how the municipality should handle their role in decisions on changed land use, as a party to the civil parking lease agreement and as a public authority. The results highlight the validity of agreements to lease public parking lots despite civil authorities' decisions that change the use of land within the area in question. It is suggested that the municipality, as a civil party to the agreement, must monitor legal right by entering into the agreement. As an authority, the municipality has the responsibility to monitor and follow up the underlying decisions of the regulating authority and building permission decisions, the assessment of which may depend on the approval of the suggested solution for parking. Thus, the new decision regarding land use should not be in conflict with the underlying decisions which also continue to be valid. It is recommended that municipal administrations and companies cooperate closely in the early stages of the detailed development planning process. This is necessary to ensure that the legal right resulting from agreements to lease public parking lots is taken into consideration. The working documents in the form of geographical information may include demarcated areas which include leased public parking lots. / Plan- och bygglagen styr hur kommunerna planerar användningen av mark och vatten. Vid beslut om detaljplan ligger respektive kommuns normtal för parkering till grund för det utrymme som ska avsättas för parkering i samband med byggande av marken. Beslutet följs upp i bygglovsprocessen. Godkänd lösning för parkering är ett myndighetskrav för erhållet bygglov. Parkeringsköp är en lösning som godkänns av lagen som parkeringslösning utanför den egna fastigheten. Kommunen kan vara part i parkeringsköpsavtalet med rollen som markupplåtare och ansvarig för att iordningsställa parkeringen. Upplåtelsen ska för sin giltighet garantera viss stabilitet i tid. Rättigheten som följer med parkeringsavtalet behöver bevakas vid myndighetsbeslut som ändrar markanvändningen. Kommunernas ansvar för att möta politikiska mål om ökat bostadsbyggande kan få till följd att redan bebyggda områden förtätas. Ytor som exempelvis parkering kan tas i anspråk för syftet. Förtätning ställer krav på ny detaljplan. Trettio av landets kommuner med högst antal färdigställda bostäder i flerfamiljshus inom tidsintervallet 2005 – 2016 analyseras utifrån erfarenhet av förtätning, där markområde påverkas som är objekt för parkeringsköp. Tolkning av gällande lagstiftning görs för att hitta stöd för parkeringsköpets giltighet vid ändrad markanvändning. Studiens frågeställning gäller hur kommunen bör hantera sin roll vid beslut om ändrad markanvändning dels som part i det civilrättsliga parkeringsköpsavtalet, dels som myndighet. Resultatet framhåller parkeringsköpsavtalets giltighet trots myndighetsbeslut som ändrar markanvändningen inom aktuellt område. Kommunen som civilrättslig part i avtalet ska bevaka rättigheten förslagsvis genom inskrivning av avtalet. Som myndighet har kommunen ansvar för att bevaka och följa upp bakomliggande myndighetsbeslut, bygglovsbeslutet, vars bedömning kan vila på godkänd lösning för parkering. Det nya beslutet om annan markanvändning ska således inte stå i strid med bakomliggande beslut som fortsatt har giltighet. Tätt samarbete mellan kommunens förvaltningar och bolag i tidiga skeden av detaljplaneprocessen bör vara ett mönster som följs. Detta för att rättigheten som följer på parkeringsköpsavtalet ska uppmärksammas. Arbetsunderlaget i form av geografisk information kan innehålla markering av områden som omfattas av parkeringsköp.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-10-02T12:37:08Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Cassiomar Rodrigues Lopes - 2013.pdf: 4397463 bytes, checksum: 77e10a2616b5b02b9cfa4d9278944278 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-10-02T15:57:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Cassiomar Rodrigues Lopes - 2013.pdf: 4397463 bytes, checksum: 77e10a2616b5b02b9cfa4d9278944278 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-02T15:57:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Cassiomar Rodrigues Lopes - 2013.pdf: 4397463 bytes, checksum: 77e10a2616b5b02b9cfa4d9278944278 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-31 / This work presents and discusses the results about the expansion of the cultivation of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp) in the Cerrado biome, including the analysis of related variables in this process. The motivation for this research came from the recognition, using data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistic, of the expansion of this crop, mainly in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, where it was verified in the last three decades changes in the landscape with the replacement of cattle raising and agriculture. At the same time, there was a regression in eucalyptus plantations in Bahia’s west. It can be argued that this expansion and regression of areas are connected to the presence of forest-based industries in the region that needs this raw material. Therefore, this study sought to identify areas where they are being held eucalyptus plantations in the Cerrado with 2006 census data. These locations were chosen based on these information, and the mapping of the highlighted counties according to the data from the agricultural census. Then it was analyzed the variables physical, political economical and social policies in the producing regions. Based on these features were pointed the prone areas for the expansion of eucalyptus plantation in the Cerrado. In general, the results show that there are a predominance of some characteristics in the choice of areas to be cultivated, as a predominant deep sandly quartzly soils, relief in the class of 0 º to 8 º of declivity and proximity to highways and rivers around 5 km and 3 km, respectively. Another important result of this research, obtained by the intersection of the areas of eucalyptus to the Cerrado and the map of land use (PROBIO), indicates that the expansion of this crop is occurring over areas with remnant Cerrado vegetation. / Neste trabalho são apresentados e discutidos os resultados sobre a expansão do cultivo de eucalipto (Eucalyptus ssp) no bioma Cerrado, incluindo a análise das variáveis relacionadas neste processo. A motivação para esta pesquisa partiu da constatação, através de dados do IBGE, da expansão desta cultura, principalmente no Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, onde nas últimas três décadas verificou-se mudanças na paisagem com a substituição da pecuária e da agricultura. Ao mesmo tempo, verificou-se uma regressão no plantio de eucalipto na região oeste da Bahia. Pode-se afirmar que esta expansão e regressão das áreas estão ligadas com a presença de indústrias de base florestal na região, que necessitam desta matéria prima. Para tanto, esta pesquisa buscou identificar as áreas onde estão sendo realizados os plantios de eucalipto no Cerrado com dados censitários de 2006. Tais localidades foram escolhidas tendo como base estas informações, sendo realizado o mapeamento dos municípios de destaque segundo os dados do censo agropecuário. Em seguida foram analisadas as variáveis físicas, políticas econômicas e sociais nas regiões produtoras. Com base nestas características foram apontadas as áreas propensas para a expansão do eucalipto no Cerrado. Em geral, os resultados demonstram que existem algumas características em comum nas áreas cultivadas, tais como predomínio de solo arenoquartizoso profundo, relevo com até 0º a 8º de declividade e proximidade de rodovias e rios em torno de 5 km e 3 km, respectivamente. Outro resultado relevante da pesquisa, obtido com a intersecção das áreas de eucalipto para o Cerrado e o mapa de uso da terra (PROBIO), indica que a expansão deste cultivo está ocorrendo sobre áreas de Cerrado remanescente.

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2016-07-29T17:24:55Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Antonio Fernandes dos Anjos - 2016.pdf: 17845896 bytes, checksum: e8d4a75ccaec6a56c122a51b1608fdf2 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2016-07-29T17:34:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Antonio Fernandes dos Anjos - 2016.pdf: 17845896 bytes, checksum: e8d4a75ccaec6a56c122a51b1608fdf2 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-29T17:34:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Antonio Fernandes dos Anjos - 2016.pdf: 17845896 bytes, checksum: e8d4a75ccaec6a56c122a51b1608fdf2 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The appropriation of the cerrado, more than the country's coast, depended on the coordination between the actions of society and the state. This appropriation differed in space and time and depended largely on the development of knowledge about this space. In this research we sought to understand how the Cerrado has been transformed by society and by the State, and the role of knowledge in the use of space, especially for agriculture and cattle ranching activities. For this, we turn to literature review about each of the treated elements - society, state and knowledge. Although the emphasis is on the historical period of the modernization of agriculture in the cerrado, we also seek to identify the historical processes before the military governments, which, we believe, explain the reality that was built in the cerrado in recent decades. For the demonstration of the spatial transformations that agriculture and cattle ranching impressed in the cerrado, we resorted to mapping the historical series of changes in land use and land cover, obtained from 16 Landsat scenes distributed over the cerrado, mapped every two years between 1975 and 2010. We considered that we have advanced on the knowledge of how the appropriation of the Cerrado occurred, especially in the way they articulated the interests of the actors involved in territorial agro-industrial complex, which often depended on organized state action and the increase of knowledge facing the capitalist reproduction. / A apropriação do Cerrado, mais que a do litoral do país, dependeu da articulação entre ações da sociedade e do Estado. Essa apropriação se diferenciou no espaço e no tempo e dependeu em grande parte da geração de conhecimento sobre esse espaço. Na presente pesquisa buscamos entender como o Cerrado foi transformado pela sociedade e pelo Estado e o papel do conhecimento no uso do espaço, sobretudo pela agropecuária. Para isso, recorremos à análise bibliográfica sobre cada um dos elementos tratados – sociedade, Estado e conhecimento. Apesar de a ênfase recair sobre o período histórico da modernização da agropecuária no Cerrado, buscamos também identificar os processos históricos anteriores aos governos militares, que, cremos, lançam luzes sobre a realidade que se construiu no Cerrado nas últimas décadas. Para a demonstração das transformações espaciais que a agropecuária imprimiu ao Cerrado recorremos ao mapeamento de séries históricas de mudanças na cobertura e no uso da terra, obtida a partir de 16 cenas Landsat distribuídas pelo Cerrado, mapeadas a cada dois anos entre 1975 e 2010. Consideramos ter avançado no conhecimento de como se deu a apropriação do Cerrado, sobretudo na forma como se articularam os interesses dos agentes interessados na territorialização dos complexos agroindustriais, que quase sempre dependeu da ação estatal organizada e do incremento de conhecimento voltado para a reprodução capitalista.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-03-28T13:04:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Escleide Gomes Cabral - 2017.pdf: 6925522 bytes, checksum: 2783097ac78b5d87ec6e06310e6e7e3e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-03-28T13:04:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Escleide Gomes Cabral - 2017.pdf: 6925522 bytes, checksum: 2783097ac78b5d87ec6e06310e6e7e3e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-28T13:04:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Escleide Gomes Cabral - 2017.pdf: 6925522 bytes, checksum: 2783097ac78b5d87ec6e06310e6e7e3e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Forestry is booming in Brazil due to demand for forest products. However, despite the importance of planted forests, forestry in the state of Goiás has been little studied. One of the reasons for the absence of studies in the state is due to the lack of disaggregated data and the great pulverization of the plantations, making it difficult to survey them. This work aimed to know the areas with commercial forest plantations, through remote sensing in the years 2002 and 2013, through the mapping carried out by Probio and TerraClass Cerrado, respectively, and in 2015 by the mapping carried out in this work, to assist in the Planning and development of state forestry. Analyzing the production and the values collected with the forest products in Goiás, we observed that some products have been replaced over the years by others, such as charcoal by wood chips, as well as other products that have been increasing in the production, such as firewood, which in the year 2000 obtained a production of 679,755 m³ and obtained a value of 6.6 million Reals. In less than 15 years, its production increased to 4,357,778 m³ of firewood. When we looked at the 2002, 2013 and the mapping of this study, we realized that there were important advances in the planted areas, so that in 2002 there were just over 500 ha of forest planted in Goiás; In 2013, were approximately 153 thousand ha; And in 2015, the area of forestry was 162,516 ha. The mesoregions with the largest commercial forest plantations are in the South, East and North, and the South and the East are the largest producers of wood and timber in the state of Goiás. The spatial distribution of eucalyptus plantations in Goiás Characterized by plantations in small areas and by a non-vertical production of the producers, reflecting the potential of forestry activity in income generation in small and medium farms and that despite the methodological differences used in the mappings used, the results were close to the results found for the current landscape of the state of Goiás elaborated in this work / A silvicultura está em franca expansão no Brasil devido à demanda pelos produtos florestais. No entanto, apesar da importância das florestas plantadas, a silvicultura no estado de Goiás tem sido pouco estudada. Um dos motivos para a ausência de estudos no estado deve-se à falta de dados desagregados e à grande pulverização dos plantios, dificultando o levantamento dos mesmos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo conhecer as áreas com plantios comerciais de florestas, por meio de sensoriamento remoto nos anos 2002 e 2013, através dos mapeamentos realizados pelo Probio e TerraClass Cerrado, respectivamente, e em 2015 pelo mapeamento realizando nesse trabalho, para que auxiliem no planejamento e desenvolvimento da silvicultura estadual. Analisando a produção e os valores arrecadados com os produtos florestais em Goiás, observamos que alguns produtos vêm sendo substituídos, ao longo dos anos por outros, como, por exemplo, o carvão vegetal por cavacos de madeira, assim como outros produtos que vem apresentando aumento na produção, como a lenha, que no ano 2000 obteve uma produção de 679.755 m³ e conseguiu um valor de 6,6 milhões de reais. Em menos de 15 anos, sua produção passou a ser 4.357.778 m³ de lenha. Ao examinar os mapeamentos de 2002, 2013 e o elaborado neste estudo, percebemos que houve importantes avanços nas áreas plantadas, de forma que, em 2002, havia pouco mais de 500 ha de floresta plantada em Goiás; em 2013, foram aproximadamente 153 mil ha; e, em 2015, a área de silvicultura foi de 162.516 ha. As mesorregiões com as maiores áreas plantio comercial de florestas são a Sul, Leste e Norte, sendo que a Sul e a Leste são as maiores produtoras de lenha e madeira em tora no estado de Goiás. A distribuição espacial dos plantios de eucalipto em Goiás se caracteriza por plantios em pequenas áreas e por uma produção não verticalizada dos produtores, refletindo o potencial da atividade florestal na geração de renda em pequenas e médias propriedades e que apesar das diferenças de metodológicas utilizadas nos mapeamentos utilizados, os resultados foram próximos dos resultados encontrados para a paisagem atual do estado de Goiás elaborada neste trabalho.

This diploma thesis deals with the change of the landscape cover and the use of the landscape of the former Ralsko military training area after 1990. The former VVP Ralsko is located on the area of 250 km2 between Česká Lípa, Stráží pod Ralskem and Mnichovo Hradištěm. Most of its territory lies in the Liberec region and only its southern part reaches the Central Bohemian region. After the departure of the Soviet troops in 1991, the military training area was abolished and on 1 January 1992 the village of Ralsko, which currently has 171 km2 , was formed by merging nine municipalities in its former territory. The town of Ralsko is thus an area with the largest area in the Czech Republic. Between 1993 and 2004, the former military area was decontaminated, during which more than 120,000 pieces of ammunition were found and destroyed. Decontamination of contaminated soils and groundwater is ongoing. Some former military buildings are currently commercially used as warehouses for raw materials. The Military Airport at Hradčany is partly used for sports purposes, and a range of rare game species has been set up in the area of the Židlov tank space, of which the most interesting is the European Tooth (Bison bonasus). In the first part of the thesis there is a search of specialized literature dealing with...