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Self-organising processes occurring in isotropic turbulence and homogeneous magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence are investigated in relation to the stability of helical flow structures. A stability analysis of helical triad interactions shows that compared to hydrodynamics, equilibria of the triadic evolution equations have more instabilities with respect to perturbations on scales larger than the characteristic scale of the system. Some of these instabilities can be mapped to Stretch-Twist-Fold dynamo action and others to the inverse cascade of magnetic helicity. High levels of cross-helicity are found to constrain small-scale instabilities more than large scale instabilities and are thus expected to have an asymmetric damping effect on forward and inverse energy transfer. Results from a numerical investigation into the influence of helicity on energy transfer and dissipation are consistent with this observation. The numerical work also confirms the predictions of an approximate method describing the Reynolds number dependence of the dimensionless dissipation coefficient for MHD turbulence. These predictions are complemented by the derivation of mathematically rigorous upper bounds on the dissipation rates of total energy and cross-helicity in terms of applied external forces. Large-scale helical flows are also found to emerge in relaminarisation events in direct numerical simulations of isotropic hydrodynamic turbulence at low Reynolds number, where the turbulent fluctuations suddenly collapse in favour of a large-scale helical flow, which was identified as a phase-shifted ABC-flow. A statistical investigation shows similarities to relaminarisation of localised turbulence in wall-bounded parallel shear flows. The turbulent states have an exponential survival probability indicating a memoryless process with a characteristic lifetime, which is found to depend super-exponentially on Reynolds number akin to well-established results for pipe and plane Couette flow. These and further similarites suggest that the phase space dynamics of isotropic turbulence and wall-bounded shear flows are qualitatively similar and that the relaminarisation of isotropic turbulence can also be explained by the escape from a chaotic saddle.

Όπως είναι γνωστό, οι μη γραμμικές συνήθεις διαφορικές εξισώσεις δυναμικών συστημάτων μιας ή περισσοτέρων μεταβλητών, αποτελούν σημαντικό εργαλείο για τους επιστήμονες, που προσπαθούν να δώσουν λύσεις σε ερωτήματα που αφορούν στην εξέλιξη των συστημάτων αυτών στον χρόνο. Ιδιαίτερο ενδιαφέρον παρουσιάζουν δυναμικά συστήματα που περιγράφουν προβλήματα της Φυσικής, της Βιολογίας, της Τεχνολογίας και των Οικονομικών Επιστημών. Στην παρούσα εργασία θα μελετήσουμε ορισμένα μη γραμμικά μοντέλα εξέλιξης πληθυσμών καθώς και διάφορες παραλλαγές αυτών που προκύπτουν από την προσθήκη μη γραμμικών όρων και περιοδικών συναρτήσεων. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, στο πρώτο κεφάλαιο θα κάνουμε μια εισαγωγή εξετάζοντας γνωστά μοντέλα μιας διάστασης, όπως το γραμμικό μοντέλο του Malthus, και το μη γραμμικό μοντέλο του Verhulst αναφέροντας κάποια παρατηρησιακά δεδομένα που επιβεβαιώνουν τη χρησιμότητα αλλά και τους περιορισμούς των μοντέλων αυτών. Θα αναφερθούμε επίσης στην εξίσωση του Verhulst υπό την επίδραση μιας εξωτερικής περιοδικής διαταραχής. Στο Κεφάλαιο 2, το οποίο αποτελεί και το κυρίως θέμα της παρούσας εργασίας, θα μελετήσουμε ένα μη γραμμικό σύστημα αλληλεπίδρασης δυο πληθυσμών διαφορετικών βιολογικών ειδών, που περιγράφεται από το σύστημα εξισώσεων Lotka-Volterra. Ξεκινώντας από την απλή περιοδική συμπεριφορά του αδιατάρακτου μοντέλου, προσθέτουμε επιπλέον όρους που περιγράφουν θανάτους λόγω ανταγωνισμού των μελών ενός είδους. Στη συνέχεια θα προχωρήσουμε στη μελέτη περιοδικώς διαταραγμένων συστημάτων τύπου Lotka-Volterra, η δυναμική των οποίων φανερώνει ένα μεγάλο μέρος της ομορφιάς της μη γραμμικής επιστήμης: Μπορούμε δηλαδή να δούμε απλά φαινόμενα όπως ένα ευσταθή οριακό κύκλο, εώς ένα πολύ εντυπωσιακό χαοτικό ελκυστή! Στη συνέχεια, θα εστιάσουμε τη μελέτη μας στο σύστημα Lotka-Volterra τριών μεταβλητών που είναι πολύ σημαντικό για την μελέτη πληθυσμών τριών διαφορετικών βιολογικών ειδών. Υπάρχουν για παράδειγμα περιπτώσεις οικοσυστημάτων όπου δυο διαφορετικοί κυνηγοί, ένας ισχυρότερος και ένας ασθενέστερος, τρέφονται με το ίδιο είδος θηραμάτων. Επίσης υπάρχει η περίπτωση που ένας ασθενής κυνηγός καταναλώνει ένα θήραμα και ο ίδιος καταναλώνεται από έναν ασθενέστερο. Αυτό είναι το λεγόμενο μοντέλο της τροφικής αλυσίδας. Έτσι, στις τρεις διαστάσεις θα δούμε φαινόμενα που ήδη παρατηρήσαμε στις δυο, αλλά θα αντιμετωπίσουμε και νέες ενδιαφέρουσες δυναμικές συμπεριφορές. Τέλος, στο τέταρτο κεφάλαιο θα αναφέρουμε κάποιες εφαρμογές που έχουν τα μοντέλα που εξετάσαμε. Θα δούμε δηλαδή πως το σύστημα Lotka-Volterra έχει εφαρμογή στην αλληλεπίδραση ιών και βακτηριοφάγων καθώς και πως βάσει της λογιστικής απεικόνισης μπορούμε να εκτιμήσουμε το μικρότερο δυνατό χρόνο που χρειάζεται ένας δρομέας για να διανύσει τα μέτρα. / -

In einem klassischen Kontext bedeutet Synchronisierung die Anpassung der Rhythmen von selbst-erregten periodischen Oszillatoren aufgrund ihrer schwachen Wechselwirkung. <br /> Der Begriff der Synchronisierung geht auf den berühmten niederläandischen Wissenschaftler Christiaan Huygens im 17. Jahrhundert zurück, der über seine Beobachtungen mit Pendeluhren berichtete. Wenn zwei solche Uhren auf der selben Unterlage plaziert wurden, schwangen ihre Pendel in perfekter Übereinstimmung. <br /> Mathematisch bedeutet das, daß infolge der Kopplung, die Uhren mit gleichen Frequenzen und engverwandten Phasen zu oszillieren begannen. <br /> Als wahrscheinlich ältester beobachteter nichtlinearer Effekt wurde die Synchronisierung erst nach den Arbeiten von E. V. Appleton und B. Van der Pol gegen 1920 verstanden, die die Synchronisierung in Triodengeneratoren systematisch untersucht haben. Seitdem wurde die Theorie gut entwickelt, und hat viele Anwendungen gefunden. <br /> <br /> Heutzutage weiss man, dass bestimmte, sogar ziemlich einfache, Systeme, ein chaotisches Verhalten ausüben können. Dies bedeutet, dass ihre Rhythmen unregelmäßig sind und nicht durch nur eine einzige Frequenz charakterisiert werden können. <br /> Wie in der Habilitationsarbeit gezeigt wurde, kann man jedoch den Begriff der Phase und damit auch der Synchronisierung auf chaotische Systeme ausweiten. Wegen ihrer sehr schwachen Wechselwirkung treten Beziehungen zwischen den Phasen und den gemittelten Frequenzen auf und führen damit zur Übereinstimmung der immer noch unregelmäßigen Rhythmen. Dieser Effekt, sogenannter Phasensynchronisierung, konnte später in Laborexperimenten anderer wissenschaftlicher Gruppen bestätigt werden. <br /> <br /> Das Verständnis der Synchronisierung unregelmäßiger Oszillatoren erlaubte es uns, wichtige Probleme der Datenanalyse zu untersuchen. <br /> Ein Hauptbeispiel ist das Problem der Identifikation schwacher Wechselwirkungen zwischen Systemen, die nur eine passive Messung erlauben. Diese Situation trifft häufig in lebenden Systemen auf, wo Synchronisierungsphänomene auf jedem Niveau erscheinen - auf der Ebene von Zellen bis hin zu makroskopischen physiologischen Systemen; in normalen Zuständen und auch in Zuständen ernster Pathologie. <br /> Mit unseren Methoden konnten wir eine Anpassung in den Rhythmen von Herz-Kreislauf und Atmungssystem in Menschen feststellen, wobei der Grad ihrer Interaktion mit der Reifung zunimmt. Weiterhin haben wir unsere Algorithmen benutzt, um die Gehirnaktivität von an Parkinson Erkrankten zu analysieren. Die Ergebnisse dieser Kollaboration mit Neurowissenschaftlern zeigen, dass sich verschiedene Gehirnbereiche genau vor Beginn des pathologischen Zitterns synchronisieren. Außerdem gelang es uns, die für das Zittern verantwortliche Gehirnregion zu lokalisieren. / In a classical context, synchronization means adjustment of rhythms of self-sustained periodic oscillators due to their weak interaction. The history of synchronization goes back to the 17th century when the famous Dutch scientist Christiaan Huygens reported on his observation of synchronization of pendulum clocks: when two such clocks were put on a common support, their pendula moved in a perfect agreement. In rigorous terms, it means that due to coupling the clocks started to oscillate with identical frequencies and tightly related phases. Being, probably, the oldest scientifically studied nonlinear effect, synchronization was understood only in 1920-ies when E. V. Appleton and B. Van der Pol systematically - theoretically and experimentally - studied synchronization of triode generators. Since that the theory was well developed and found many applications. <br /> Nowadays it is well-known that certain systems, even rather simple ones, can exhibit chaotic behaviour. It means that their rhythms are irregular, and cannot be characterized only by one frequency. However, as is shown in the Habilitation work, one can extend the notion of phase for systems of this class as well and observe their synchronization, i.e., agreement of their (still irregular!) rhythms: due to very weak interaction there appear relations between the phases and average frequencies. This effect, called phase synchronization, was later confirmed in laboratory experiments of other scientific groups. <br /> Understanding of synchronization of irregular oscillators allowed us to address important problem of data analysis: how to reveal weak interaction between the systems if we cannot influence them, but can only passively observe, measuring some signals. This situation is very often encountered in biology, where synchronization phenomena appear on every level - from cells to macroscopic physiological systems; in normal states as well as in severe pathologies. With our methods we found that cardiovascular and respiratory systems in humans can adjust their rhythms; the strength of their interaction increases with maturation. Next, we used our algorithms to analyse brain activity of Parkinsonian patients. The results of this collaborative work with neuroscientists show that different brain areas synchronize just before the onset of pathological tremor. Morevoever, we succeeded in localization of brain areas responsible for tremor generation.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T20:15:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Carolina.pdf: 30877153 bytes, checksum: df1e32c0dad640cd008d62b73fa92072 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In this work/study, have showed the results of the investigation about dynamics standard map in the forms; conservative, dissipative and dissipative relativistic, through a numerical and analytical approach for the last case. For the three abovementioned cases, have been build and inspected the respective phase spaces, parameter spaces and spaces of periods, by which has been found the coexistence of chaotic and periodic domains. It has still been characterized and discussed the influence of the parameters responsibles for the dissipation and damping or by a relativistic component in the dynamics of a particle subjected to periodic pulses, as well as the influence of the parameter responsible for noise in the system. The results showed the existence of periodic structures that are organized from the smallest to highest period immersed in chaotic regions. Finally, it has showed that the self-similar structures were gradually disturbed by the noise, as well as the less stable regions, where there are bifurcations, even were hit and porteriormente are totally destroyed and replaced by a chaotic structure. / Neste trabalho apresentaram-se os resultados obtidos da investigação da dinâmica do mapa padrão nas formas; conservativa, dissipativa e dissipativa relativística, através de uma abordagem numérica e analítica para o último caso. Para os três casos supracitados, construíram-se e inspecionaram-se os respectivos espaços de fases, espaços de parâmetros e espaços de períodos, pelos quais constatou-se a coexistência de domínios caóticos e periódicos. Caracterizou-se e discutiu-se ainda a influência dos parâmetros responsáveis pelo amortecimento ou dissipação e por uma componente relativística na dinâmica de uma partícula submetida a pulsos periódicos, assim como a influência do parâmetro responsável pelo ruído no sistema. Os resultados evidenciaram a existência de estruturas periódicas que se organizam do menor para o maior período imersas em regiões caóticas. Finalmente , mostrou-se que as estruturas auto similares foram gradativamente perturbadas pelo ruído, assim como as regiões menos estáveis onde há bifurcações, também foram atingidas e porteriormente são totalmente destruídas e substituídas por uma estrutura caótica.

This thesis deals with the study of two problems in the area of nonlinear dynamics using the method of multiple scales. Accordingly, it consists of two parts. In the first part of the thesis, we explore the asymptotic stability of a planar two-degree- of-freedom robot with two rotary (R) joints following a desired trajectory under feedback control. Although such robots have been extensively studied and there exists stability and other results for position control, there are no analytical results for asymptotic stability when the end of the robot or its joints are made to follow a time dependent trajectory. The nonlinear dynamics of a 2R planar robot, under a proportional plus derivative (PD) and a model based computed torque control, is studied. The method of multiple scales is applied to the two nonlinear second-order ordinary deferential equations which describes the dynamics of the feedback controlled 2R robot. Amplitude modulation equations, as a set of four first order equations, are derived. At a fixed point, the Routh-Hurwitz criterion is used to obtain positive values of proportional and derivative gains at which the controller is asymptotically stable or indeterminate. For the model based control, a parameter representing model mismatch is incorporated and again controller gains are obtained, for a chosen mismatch parameter value, where the controller results in asymptotic stability or is indeterminate. From numerical simulations with gain values in the indeterminate region, it is shown that for some values and ranges of the gains, the non- linear dynamical equations are chaotic and hence the 2R robot cannot follow the desired trajectory and be asymptotically stable. The second part of the thesis deals with the study of the nonlinear dynamics of a rotating flexible link, modeled as a one dimensional beam, undergoing large deformation and with geometric nonlinearities. The partial deferential equation of motion is discretized using a finite element approach to yield four nonlinear, non-autonomous and coupled ordinary deferential equations. The equations are non-dimensional zed using two characteristic velocities – the speed of sound in the material and a speed associated with the trans- verse bending vibration of the beam. The method of multiple scales is used to perform a detailed study of the system. A set of four autonomous equations of the first-order are derived considering primary resonance of the external excitation with one of the natural frequencies of the model and one-to-one internal resonance between two different natural frequencies of the model. Numerical simulations show that for certain ranges of values of these characteristic velocities, the slow flow equations can exhibit chaotic motions. The numerical simulations and the results are related to a rotating wind turbine blade and the approach can be used for the study of the nonlinear dynamics of a single link flexible manipulator. The second part of the thesis also deals with the synchronization of chaos in the equations of motion of the flexible beam. A nonlinear control scheme via active nonlinear control and Lyapunov stability theory is proposed to synchronize the chaotic system. The proposed controller ensures that the error between the controlled and the original system asymptotically go to zero. A numerical example using parameters of a rotating power generating wind turbine blade is used to illustrate the theoretical approach.

Orientador: Marconi Kolm Madrid / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T17:06:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fazanaro_FilipeIeda_M.pdf: 19685014 bytes, checksum: ee8bcce451b826c1bc278cf9a7e3d214 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Este trabalho teve como principal objetivo estudar a tecnologia baseada em dispositivos Field Programmable Analog Arrays (FPAAs) e identificar os benef'icios quanto ao seu uso em aplicações de identificação de fenômenos inerentes aos sistemas dinâmicos não-lineares, tais como bifurcações e caos. Esses dispositivos permitem que diferentes tipos de circuitos possam ser implementados sem a necessidade de alteração da topologia do circuito, ou seja, existe a possibilidade de que os sistemas possam ser reconfigurados em tempo de execução à medida que novas alterações sejam necessárias. Com base na Teoria do Caos e na Teoria de Sistemas de Controle, foi implementado o sistema conhecido como Circuito de Chua, que serviu para demonstrar os ganhos que se podem obter com o uso da abordagem proposta quando aplicada ao estudo de sistemas dinâmicos operando no caos em relação às técnicas consideradas mais convencionais. Resultados obtidos pela análise de séries temporais de sinais adquiridos, comprovam a grande eficiência dessa abordagem quanto ao tempo de desenvolvimento e ao tempo para a obtenção dos resultados em comparação com implementações de modelos dinâmicos bastante conhecidos na literatura em relação às implementações dos mesmos em computadores / Abstract: This work had as main objective to study the technology based on Field Programmable Analog Arrays (FPAAs) devices and to identify the benefits to use these devices in applications of identification of inherent phenomena to the nonlinear dynamic systems as bifurcations and chaos. These devices allow that different types of circuits can be implemented without the necessity of alteration of the topology of the circuit, that is, the systems implemented in the FPAA can be reconfigured in execution when new alterations are necessary. On the basis of the Chaos Theory and in the Control Systems Theory, was implemented the system known as Chua¿s Circuit which served to demonstrate the profits that can be gotten with the use of the boarding proposal when applied to the study of dynamic systems operating in chaos in relation to the considered techniques conventional. Gotten results, for the analysis of time series of acquired signals, prove the great efficiency of this boarding in the time of development and the time for obtain the results when comparing implementations of dynamic models sufficiently known in literature in relation with the implementations of the same ones in digital computers / Mestrado / Automação / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

The neural net computer simulations which will be presented here are based on the acceptance of a set of assumptions that for the last twenty years have been expressed in the fields of information processing, neurophysiology and cognitive sciences. First of all, neural networks and their dynamical behaviors in terms of attractors is the natural way adopted by the brain to encode information. Any information item to be stored in the neural net should be coded in some way or another in one of the dynamical attractors of the brain and retrieved by stimulating the net so as to trap its dynamics in the desired item's basin of attraction. The second view shared by neural net researchers is to base the learning of the synaptic matrix on a local Hebbian mechanism. The last assumption is the presence of chaos and the benefit gained by its presence. Chaos, although very simply produced, inherently possesses an infinite amount of cyclic regimes that can be exploited for coding information. Moreover, the network randomly wanders around these unstable regimes in a spontaneous way, thus rapidly proposing alternative responses to external stimuli and being able to easily switch from one of these potential attractors to another in response to any coming stimulus. In this thesis, it is shown experimentally that the more information is to be stored in robust cyclic attractors, the more chaos appears as a regime in the back, erratically itinerating among brief appearances of these attractors. Chaos does not appear to be the cause but the consequence of the learning. However, it appears as an helpful consequence that widens the net's encoding capacity. To learn the information to be stored, an unsupervised Hebbian learning algorithm is introduced. By leaving the semantics of the attractors to be associated with the feeding data unprescribed, promising results have been obtained in term of storing capacity.

Inicialmente, apresentam-se características de dispositivos eletrônicos conhecidos como PLLs (phase-locked loops). PLLs são amplamente empregados para se extrair sinais de tempo em canais de comunicação e em aplicações nas quais se deseja controle automático de freqüência. O objeto principal é estudar PLLs analógicos descritos por uma equação diferencial ordinária de terceira ordem. Assim, deduzem-se condições de estabilidade assintótica e identifica-se um regime de caos conservativo, que ocorre sob certas combinações de valores de parâmetros. Três métodos de controle não-linear/caótico são então apresentados e aplicados. Os métodos são os seguintes: o Método de Pyragas via realimentação de variável de estado; o Método de Pyragas com atraso temporal na realimentação; e o Método de Sinha, o qual efetua o controle perturbando um parâmetro do sistema. Simulações numéricas são levadas a cabo a fim de ilustrar o comportamento dinâmico do sistema quando sujeito à ação desses métodos. Este trabalho termina com um estudo de uma rede formada por uma cadeia de PLLs. Condições para soluções síncronas, periódicas e caóticas (dissipativas e conservativas) são deduzidas para tal rede. / Firstly, features of electronic devices known as PLLs (Phase-Locked Loops) are presented. PLLs are widely employed to extract time signals in communication channels and in applications where automatic control of frequency is desired. The main goal is to study analog PLLs described by a third-order nonlinear ordinary differential equation. Thus, conditions for asymptotic stability are derived and a regime of conservative chaos occurring under certain combinations of parameter values is identified. Then, three methods of control of nonlinear/ chaotic dynamics are presented and applied. The methods are the following: the Pyragas method via feedback of state variable; the Pyragas method with time delay in the feedback; and the Sinhas method, which performs the control by disturbing a parameter of the system. Numerical simulations are accomplished in order to illustrate the dynamical behavior of the system when subjected to the action of these methods. This work ends with a study of a single-chain PLL network. Conditions for synchronous, periodic and chaotic (dissipative and conservative) solutions are derived for such a network.

Nesta tese, uma família de memórias associativas bidirecionais caóticas (família C-BAM) é proposta, implementada e testada com o objetivo de estender a relevância da presença e do estudo do fenômeno caótico a modelos de redes associativas. Na modelagem da família C-BAM, todos os neurônios da memória associativa bidirecional caótica (BAM), BAM com atraso e BAM exponencial (eBAM) foram substituídos por neurônios caóticos. Cada parâmetro do neurônio caótico na família C-BAM tem sua influência estimada através do planejamento de experimentos, em diferentes dinâmicas. Com base no planejamento de experimentos, valores de parâmetros são selecionados a fim de ilustrar a emergência de comportamentos dinâmicos como bifurcação, caos determinístico e crise. A existência de dinâmicas caóticas é confirmada pelo cálculo dos expoentes de Lyapunov. Experimentos empíricos mostraram que a dinâmica caótica modifica a acessibilidade à memória da família C-BAM. Ao invés de recuperar um único par, como a família BAM fazia, a versão caótica é capaz de gerar uma grande diversidade de padrões recuperados, envolvendo complexas transições entre os padrões armazenados, para algumas variações paramétricas. Tal comportamento permite à família C-BAM acessar padrões inacessíveis às redes BAMs originais. Além disso, a nova acessibilidade à memória, na qual seqüências de recuperação (com diferentes tamanhos) compostas de padrões treinados e não treinados têm emergido, pode ser usada para modelar a habilidade de um indivíduo saltar passos na solução de uma tarefa. Esta tese seleciona a rede C-BAM para ilustrar que a seqüência de recuperação da rede pode modelar a habilidade de um noviço ou a habilidade de um especialista executar uma tarefa. Embora a família C-BAM possa alcançar todos os padrões armazenados durante o comportamento caótico, ela não consegue convergir para um padrão específico. Duas estratégias de controle são propostas para permitir que as redes caóticas convirjam para a memória desejada: o método de controle por pinagem e um método de controle adaptativo. Conseqüentemente, os modelos C-BAM podem, de fato, realizar a hetero-associação de memórias antes inacessíveis, e a rede C-BAM pode estabilizar-se no estado final de uma tarefa, dado o primeiro estado / In this thesis, a family of bidirectional associative memories (C-BAM family) is proposed, implemented and tested to extend the study of chaotic phenomenon in associative models. In the C-BAM model, all the original neurons of bidirectional associative memory (BAM), BAM with delay and exponenetial BAM (eBAM) were substituted for chaotic neurons. Based on the experimental design, values of C-BAM family parameters are set to illustrate the emergence of a diversity of dynamic behavior, such as bifurcation, deterministic chaos and crisis. The existence of the chaotic dynamics is confirmed by calculation of Lyapunov exponents. Empiric experiments showed that the chaotic dynamics modifies the behavior of memory accessibility. Instead of recalling a single pair, as BAM did, its chaotic version yielded a wide diversity of recalled patterns, involving complex transitions via memorized patterns for some parametric variations. Hence, C-BAM family can access patterns that original BAM family cannot. Moreover, the new way of memory accessibility, in which several recall sequences (with distinct sizes) composed of trained and nontrained patterns have emerged, can be used to model the ability of skipping steps by an individual in a task solution. This thesis selected C-BAM network to illustrate that the retrieval sequence can model the ability of a novice or the ability of an expert to execute a task. There are also illustrated cases in which a novice recall can be transformed into an expert recall through parametric variation. Although C-BAM family can reach all stored patterns during the chaotic behavior, it can not converge towards a specific pattern, consequently a desired output is not produced. In this thesis, two control strategies are proposed in order to make the chaotic networks to converge towards the desired memory: the pinning control method and the adaptive control method. Consequently, the C-BAM models can effectively realize the correct heteroassociation to former non-accessible memories and the C-BAM network can quickly be stabilized in the final state of a task, given the first state