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I det här arbetet studeras Charlie Chaplins berättartekniker, både sagoberättande, visuellt och audiellt i ett försök att komma fram till huruvida de berättartekniker som Chaplin använde sig av fortfarande kan fungera i komiska produktioner idag. Vi kommer i texten titta närmare på hur han använde kameran både när han filmade och klippte, hur han strukturerade upp sina ljudkompositioner, hur han använde kontraster, hur han skrev sina berättelser för att antalet skämt skulle bli just rätt, samt hur han förde sig både framför och bakom kameran för att sedan applicera detta på en kortfilm i vårt skapande. / In this essay we will be looking into the teqniques which Charlie Chaplin used to tell his stories, both when it comes to plot, visual and auditory storytelling, in an attempt to find out if these techniques still would work in a comic film production today. We will take a closer look at how he used the camera while filming and cutting, how he structured his stories to allow for the optimal amount of slapstick gags, how he would make use of different contrasts, how he structured his sound compositions and finally how he would act both in front and behind the camera so we then can apply this on a short film of our making.

CineScrúpulos es una revista digital que recopila los trabajos desarrollados por los alumnos en la clase de Historia del Cine de la Facultad de Comunicaciones de la UPC. El curso no pretende brindar una visión historicista del cine repleta de fechas, nombres de directores, títulos de películas y lugares exóticos, sino que intenta evidenciar la linealidad casi genética que es intrínseca al quehacer fílmico, una tradición que no solo se repite sino que se reinterpreta en distintos escenarios y en distintos momentos. Porque se entiende que el cine es, ante todo, la herencia permanente de lo que se ha hecho antes. Los textos de la revista CineScrúpulos han sido elaborados por los alumnos, profesores y colaboradores de la Facultad de Comunicaciones de la Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas. Las imágenes utilizadas han sido obtenidas de distintas páginas web y el uso de las mismas se inscribe en lo estrictamente académico y divulgativo. / La presente edición de Cinescrúpulos se centra en la obra de Stanley Kubrick, excéntrico y extraño, alejado de los reflectores en los últimos años de su vida pero entregado en cuerpo y alma al entorno familiar. El director legó una filmografía del crecimiento, del descubrimiento, del enaltecimiento de la experimentación, del regocijo que origina evitar los formulismos del género, de encontrar la independencia tras haber flirteado con el monstruo corporativo, de no hacerle ascos al terror o al erotismo, de jugar cada una de sus piezas con la maestría del ajedrecista nato que era. También nos damos un tiempo para descubrir los vínculos que existen entre el cine de Charles Chaplin y la construcción de personajes y narrativas que han encumbrado a Pixar como una de las opciones más inteligentes en el terreno de los dibujos animados de los últimos años. Y como broche de oro, una pregunta válida: Francisco Lombardi, nuestro cineasta con la mayor cantidad de títulos estrenados en salas, ¿estará construyendo un cine de género en el Perú o apunta más bien hacia otro lado?.

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2018-06-12T17:55:32Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Luciano Diogo Oliveira Freitas - 2017.pdf: 2722679 bytes, checksum: 2df1afd541bddfe8347398892d5a5c66 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-06-13T10:45:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Luciano Diogo Oliveira Freitas - 2017.pdf: 2722679 bytes, checksum: 2df1afd541bddfe8347398892d5a5c66 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-13T10:45:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Luciano Diogo Oliveira Freitas - 2017.pdf: 2722679 bytes, checksum: 2df1afd541bddfe8347398892d5a5c66 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Charlie Chaplin´s (1889-1977) influences on Bertolt Brecht’s theater (1898-1956) are diverse; also the films of the British director were inspiration for several plays written by the German playwright (The Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny (1928/1929), Mother Courage and Her Children (1939); Mr Puntila and his Man Matti (1940), and others). In many parts of Brecht works, diaries and theoretical texts Brecht makes comments about the importance of Chaplin´s cinematographic practice and his character The Tramp, for the constitution of his theater. Some moments Brecht considers Chaplin a model of actor to the epical theater (BRECHT 1995, p. 125; BRECHT 2005A, p. 249, 263, 291; and others). Two central concepts in Brecht´s work are fundamental for the understanding of this relationship: Verfremdungseffekt – the famous Estrangement Effect and the social Gestus. Once these concepts are delimited I search to analyze Chaplin´s work, the process of film construction and the interpretation in silent films as elements that generate estrangement and are structured as a Gestus language. At the first chapter I analyze the historical context of the Weimar’s Germany to understand the constitution of V-Effekt at its time. At the second chapter I assume the idea of the cinema as a revolution on the form of production and reception of art, passing by the Chaplin’s history trying to realize how his films were a large reference to a lot of artists, including Brecht. At the third chapter I study the social Gestus and how it is related with the variety shows and the Chaplin’s artistic works. Finally, at the conclusions, I return to the mail points of this intense dialogue between Brecht and Chaplin, and how this relationship produced uncountable fruits and artistic works. This material requires new theoretical and practical studies (on scream and on stage), considering its large reflexive and critical potential, and more than it, its artistic value. / As influências de Charlie Chaplin (1889-1977) na obra de Bertolt Brecht (1898-1956) são diversas. Os filmes do diretor britânico são inspiração para diversas peças escritas pelo dramaturgo alemão (Ascenção e queda da cidade de Mahagonny (1928/1929), Mãe Coragem e seus filhos (1939), Senhor Puntila e seu criado Matti (1940), dentre outras). Brecht comenta em seus diários de trabalho e inúmeros textos teóricos a importância da prática cinematográfica de Chaplin e de seu personagem Carlitos para a constituição do seu teatro, considerando-os muitas vezes modelar para o teatro épico (BRECHT 1995, p. 125; BRECHT 2005A, p. 249, 263, 291; dentre outros). Dois pontos da práxis brechtiana são fundamentais para compreender essa forte relação cinema-teatro, são eles: o Verfremdungseffekt – o famoso efeito de estranhamento e o Gestus social. A partir desses dois pontos procuro analisar a obra de Chaplin, o processo de construção de seus filmes e a interpretação no cinema mudo como elementos que geram estranhamento e se estruturam como uma forma de Gestus social e estranhamento. No primeiro capítulo parto do contexto histórico da Alemanha de Weimar para compreender a constituição do V-Effekt em seu tempo. No segundo capítulo penso o cinema enquanto revolução na forma de produzir e apreciar a obra de arte e, passando pela história de Chaplin, como esse artista influencia e inspira artistas por todo o mundo, entre ele Brecht. No terceiro capítulo busco compreender o Gestus social e como ele se relaciona com o espetáculo de variedades e o trabalho artístico de Chaplin. Por fim, nas considerações finais, retomo a ideia de que o intenso tráfego da ponte Brecht-Chaplin, produziu diversos frutos e produções que ainda hoje exigem sua leitura, encenação, e apreciação, dado o seu potencial crítico reflexivo e mais ainda o valor artístico de suas proposituras que até hoje se extravasam nos palcos do teatro.

No description available.

Lançado em 1916, A casa de penhores é uma síntese dos curtas-metragens de Chaplin e funciona como um laboratório cômico, no qual o artista e sua equipe desenvolvem experimentos subversivos, desafiando valores burgueses. O primeiro capítulo desta dissertação apresenta uma análise de A casa de penhores, seu contexto e suas afinidades eletivas com o surrealismo francês, a biomecânica desenvolvida por Meyerhold e o teatro épico de Brecht, mostrando o potencial revolucionário do cinema num tempo de crescentes conflitos entre capital e trabalho. Essa análise detalhada fornece outra perspectiva para Tempos Modernos (que discutimos no capítulo dois), diferente de uma teleológica. Lançado vinte anos depois, em 1936, Tempos Modernos é o último filme silencioso de Chaplin. Nessa obra, Chaplin reflete sobre o fordismo, a mecanização do homem, os problemas sociais da Grande Depressão e as contradições do capitalismo. E, através da autorreferencialidade, o filme tenta sabotar o sistema, refuncionalizando-o num sentido progressista. / Released in 1916, The Pawnshop is a synthesis of Chaplins short-films and functions as a comic laboratory, in which the artist and his crew develop subversive experiments, that defy bourgeois values. The first chapter of this dissertation presents an analysis of The Pawnshop, its context and its elective affinities to French surrealism, as well as the biomechanics developed by Meyerhold and Brechts epic theater in order to show the revolutionary potential of cinema in a time of increasing clashes between capital and labor. This detailed analysis provides another perspective to Modern Times (which we discuss in the chapter two), different than a teleological one. Released twenty years later, in 1936, Modern Times is Chaplins last silent film. In this work, Chaplin reflects on fordism, the mechanization of man, the social problems of the Great Depression and the contradictions of capitalism. And through self referentiality, the film tries to sabotage the system, refunctioning it in a progressive way.

Lançado em 1916, A casa de penhores é uma síntese dos curtas-metragens de Chaplin e funciona como um laboratório cômico, no qual o artista e sua equipe desenvolvem experimentos subversivos, desafiando valores burgueses. O primeiro capítulo desta dissertação apresenta uma análise de A casa de penhores, seu contexto e suas afinidades eletivas com o surrealismo francês, a biomecânica desenvolvida por Meyerhold e o teatro épico de Brecht, mostrando o potencial revolucionário do cinema num tempo de crescentes conflitos entre capital e trabalho. Essa análise detalhada fornece outra perspectiva para Tempos Modernos (que discutimos no capítulo dois), diferente de uma teleológica. Lançado vinte anos depois, em 1936, Tempos Modernos é o último filme silencioso de Chaplin. Nessa obra, Chaplin reflete sobre o fordismo, a mecanização do homem, os problemas sociais da Grande Depressão e as contradições do capitalismo. E, através da autorreferencialidade, o filme tenta sabotar o sistema, refuncionalizando-o num sentido progressista. / Released in 1916, The Pawnshop is a synthesis of Chaplins short-films and functions as a comic laboratory, in which the artist and his crew develop subversive experiments, that defy bourgeois values. The first chapter of this dissertation presents an analysis of The Pawnshop, its context and its elective affinities to French surrealism, as well as the biomechanics developed by Meyerhold and Brechts epic theater in order to show the revolutionary potential of cinema in a time of increasing clashes between capital and labor. This detailed analysis provides another perspective to Modern Times (which we discuss in the chapter two), different than a teleological one. Released twenty years later, in 1936, Modern Times is Chaplins last silent film. In this work, Chaplin reflects on fordism, the mechanization of man, the social problems of the Great Depression and the contradictions of capitalism. And through self referentiality, the film tries to sabotage the system, refunctioning it in a progressive way.

This thesis is neither a textbook of pantomime, with instructions for the development of mimetic expertise, nor a history of pantomime. What is recorded here is the personal philosophy of the art of pantomime advanced by Jean-Louis Barrault, Étienne Decroux, Charlie Chaplin, Marcel Marceau, and Red Skelton. The section devoted to each artist contains the portions of his biography pertaining to his development as a mime and a representative sample of critical reactions to his work. In addition to this purpose, this thesis also offers evidence that the comic style of pantomime underwent a change in nature in its use by the mimes who are studied here. Whereas the comic style was original! y unique to pantomimes that had no other intent but to produce laughter or, at most, pathos by physical comedy, these mimes took the comic pantomime into the realms of introspection and philosophy.

In this thesis, I use a close reading of the silent films of Charlie Chaplin to examine a question of listening posed by Jean-Luc Nancy, “Is listening something of which philosophy is capable” (Nancy 2007:1)? Drawing on the work of Nancy, Jacques Derrida and Gayatri Spivak, I consider a claim that philosophy has failed to address the topic of listening because a logocentric tradition claims speech as primary. In response to Derrida’s deconstruction of logocentrism, Nancy complicates the problem of listening by distinguishing between <em>l’e´coute</em> and <em>l’entente</em>. <em>L’e´coute </em>is an attending to and answering the demand of the other and <em>l’entente</em> is an understanding directed inward toward a subject. Nancy could deconstruct an undervalued position of <em>l’e´coute</em>, making listening essential to speech. I argue, Nancy rather asks what kind of listening philosophy is capable of. To examine this question, I focus on the peculiarly dialogical figure derived from Chaplin that communicates meaning without using speech. This discussion illustrates how Chaplin, in the role of a silent figure, listens to himself (<em>il s’e´coute</em>) as other. Chaplin’s listening is Nancean resonance, a movement in which a subject refers back to itself as another subject, in constant motion of spatial and temporal non-presence. For Nancy, listening is a self’s relationship to itself, but without immediate self-presence. Moving in resonance, Chaplin makes the subject as other as he refers back to himself as other. I argue that Chaplin, through silent dialogue with himself by way of the other, makes his listening listened to. Chaplin refused to make his character speak because he believed speech would change the way in which his work would be listened to. In this way, Chaplin makes people laugh by making himself understood (<em>se fait entendre</em>) as he makes himself listened to (<em>se fait e´couter</em>). In answer to Nancy’s question, I conclude philosophy is capable of meeting the demand of listening as both <em>l’entente</em> and <em>l’e´coute</em> when it listens as Chaplin listens.

A key term in the cultural criticism of Walter Benjamin is his notion of "reception in distraction" as an antidote to ideology's domination over the mass society in the modern age. This dissertation attempts to illuminate this idea by offering case studies of three projects that summon into existence a new kind of reader, one capable of a trained apperception we may describe as "distracted."; One objective of the mass society according to a Frankfurt model of culture is the erasure of the subject; reception in distraction serves at once to create a space for the social dream and to re-inscribe the subject at the moment of reception through an insistence on its unruly, embodied presence. "Reception in Distraction" creates a cognitive space for disengagement from ideology, modeling what Michael Denning called the "dream work of the social." Critical theory is thus available to the mass public in the form of the "dream of history" that is solely accessible to a distracted apperception and whose subject is the faint possibility that the crisis of the present may be redeemed and repaired in the future. This project attempts to locate this dream of history in the autobiographical writings of Gertrude Stein, the detective fiction of Kenneth Fearing and the late silent cinema of Charlie Chaplin, each of which illustrates clearly the manner in which "distraction" functions to generate contradiction in the face of ideology's mass cultural form. Stein's experiments with the autobiographical form call for exactly this manner of reception, for which "Alice B. Toklas" becomes a key model. Similarly, Kenneth Fearing's Marxist detective novel The Big Clock and Modern Times , Charlie Chaplin's final silent film, reflect on the possibility of a productive reception-in-distraction that may co-opt the social forms of capitalism into a project of resistance and counter-discourse. "Distraction" is therefore more than merely an attitude of reception: it occasions a cognitive distance from ideology that is a key form of critical theory in the modern period.