This dissertation surveyed the validities of teaching the chemistry of water purification in South African schools using locally available materials (LAM) through the scientific inquiry (SI) approach. The researcher randomly selected four secondary schools that provided a small and purposive study sample of thirty-two Grade 11 learners and four teachers. The research design applied a mixed-method approach, consisting of qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection. Within this approach, the outcome of SI instruction that integrated LAM was compared with that of conventional instruction through a quasi-experimental control groups design. The researcher identified in the analysis of interviews and questionnaires the most complex aspects of the chemistry of water purification for learners to understand as redox reactions, acid-base systems, precipitations, and chlorination. However, the use of LAM through the scientific inquiry approach made it easier for learners to understand the concepts. The high mean scores ( =80.88; SD=10.28) in Research-based Test 2 (RBT2), of the experimental groups taught through SI signified that those learners immensely benefited from an active and collaborative learning environment. The lowly scores ( =61.69; SD=4.21) of control groups could be attributed to a linear and passive participation of learners in the conventional classroom instruction. The marks of the two groups in post-test RBT2 were paired and contrasted using GraphPad software. The results showed that t =6.699, df =21 with a significant value of 0.0001, which is less than 0.05 (p<0.05), hence it can be inferred that the difference between the means of the two groups was not only statistically important but also worth an explanation. The higher performance scores in RBT2 and the Rubric Assessment Tool (RAT) in experimental groups represents that the intervention was successful in the implementation of instructional design in the the study. In addition, the learners had mastered the crucial aptitudes that included self-discipline in understanding, cooperative learning, searching relevant text on topic, hands-on or laboratory practice and logical thinking in problem solving by working through the SI activities that used LAM. / Mathematics, Science and Technology Education / M. Sc. (Mathematics, Science and Technology Education with specialization in Chemistry Education)

This dissertation surveyed the validities of teaching the chemistry of water purification in South African schools using locally available materials (LAM) through the scientific inquiry (SI) approach. The researcher randomly selected four secondary schools that provided a small and purposive study sample of thirty-two Grade 11 learners and four teachers. The research design applied a mixed-method approach, consisting of qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection. Within this approach, the outcome of SI instruction that integrated LAM was compared with that of conventional instruction through a quasi-experimental control groups design. The researcher identified in the analysis of interviews and questionnaires the most complex aspects of the chemistry of water purification for learners to understand as redox reactions, acid-base systems, precipitations, and chlorination. However, the use of LAM through the scientific inquiry approach made it easier for learners to understand the concepts. The high mean scores ( =80.88; SD=10.28) in Research-based Test 2 (RBT2), of the experimental groups taught through SI signified that those learners immensely benefited from an active and collaborative learning environment. The lowly scores ( =61.69; SD=4.21) of control groups could be attributed to a linear and passive participation of learners in the conventional classroom instruction. The marks of the two groups in post-test RBT2 were paired and contrasted using GraphPad software. The results showed that t =6.699, df =21 with a significant value of 0.0001, which is less than 0.05 (p<0.05), hence it can be inferred that the difference between the means of the two groups was not only statistically important but also worth an explanation. The higher performance scores in RBT2 and the Rubric Assessment Tool (RAT) in experimental groups represents that the intervention was successful in the implementation of instructional design in the the study. In addition, the learners had mastered the crucial aptitudes that included self-discipline in understanding, cooperative learning, searching relevant text on topic, hands-on or laboratory practice and logical thinking in problem solving by working through the SI activities that used LAM. / Mathematics, Science and Technology Education / M. Sc. (Mathematics, Science and Technology Education with specialization in Chemistry Education)

O presente trabalho objetivou compreender a importância da interdisciplinaridade na formação de professores das áreas constituintes das ciências naturais de acordo com a Universidade Federal do ABC. Para isso, fez-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, de caráter exploratório e descritivo, na forma de estudo de caso, que realizou uma análise documental do Projeto Político Pedagógico Acadêmico de cada uma das licenciaturas constituintes da área das ciências naturais, Ciências Biológicas, Física e Química, da UFABC. A partir dela, analisamos mais profundamente esses documentos e as características contidas neles, procurando entender a importância de uma formação interdisciplinar para a atuação de professores das áreas constituintes das ciências naturais de acordo com essa instituição de ensino superior. Para compreendê-los melhor, entrevistou-se três dos professores que o elaboraram, com o auxílio de um roteiro de entrevista semi-dirigido. Através da realização desta pesquisa, com base nos documentos analisados e nas entrevistas feitas, conclui-se que a formação interdisciplinar de professores é fundamental para que o futuro docente perceba a complexidade dos conhecimentos globais, que envolvem as esferas social, ambiental e tecnológica. Um curso de licenciatura interdisciplinar é essencial para que o professor entenda como acontece a interação entre todos os campos científicos e saiba se posicionar perante todos eles, capacitando o seu aluno a essa competência. A abordagem interdisciplinar fundamentada na discussão e, principalmente no diálogo entre pessoas provenientes de diferentes campos científicos e com distintas visões habilita o professor a enfrentar as demandas educacionais de um mundo em vertiginosas mudanças. Essa formação, com certeza, reflete na atuação didático-pedagógica do docente, que forma, assim, um cidadão apto a se posicionar diante das questões do cotidiano e opinar, conscientemente, sobre problemas cada vez mais atuais. / This study aimed to understand the importance of interdisciplinarity in training teachers of the constituent areas of the natural sciences according to the Federal University of ABC. For this, there was a qualitative research, exploratory and descriptive, in the form of case study, we conducted a documentary analysis of the Project Political Scholar of each constituent degrees of natural science, Biological Sciences, Physics and chemistry, UFABC. From there, we analyze further these documents and features contained in them, trying to understand the importance of interdisciplinary training for practicing teachers of the constituent areas of the natural sciences according to this HEI. To understand them better, if interviewed three of the teachers who prepared with the aid of a script semi-directed interview. Through this research, based on the documents reviewed and the interviews, it is concluded that the interdisciplinary training of teachers is essential to the future teacher realizes the complexity of global knowledge, involving social, environmental and technological spheres. An interdisciplinary undergraduate course is essential for the teacher to understand how the interaction happens between all scientific fields and learn to stand before them all, enabling your student to that jurisdiction. The interdisciplinary approach based on the discussion and especially the dialogue between people from different scientific fields and with different views enables the teacher to meet the educational demands of a world in vertinosas changes. This training surely reflects the didactic-pedagogic activities of teachers, which thus forms a fit to stand on everyday questions and comment knowingly on increasing current problems citizen.

CAPES / Nesta pesquisa objetivou-se identificar as representações sociais sobre Química e Meio Ambiente de estudantes do ensino médio de uma escola do campo situada no Estado do Paraná, assim como, investigar relações entre essas representações com a Educação Ambiental. Para tanto, fundamentou-se no suporte teórico e metodológico da Teoria das Representações Sociais e na análise de conteúdo referente às questões dissertativas. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário de evocação livre, constituído de questões de identificação (idade, sexo e ano/série em que estuda), duas questões de evocação livre e oito questões dissertativas. Os termos indutores foram Química e Meio Ambiente. Concluí-se que, de maneira geral, para o grupo de estudantes pesquisados a Química e o Meio Ambiente estão distantes, sugerindo a necessidade de intervir a Educação Ambiental em um viés globalizante. Constatou-se ainda que a Química, para eles, é representada socialmente associada ao universo escolar, especialmente em uma perspectiva de ciência experimental. Já o Meio Ambiente é visto como algo a ser cuidado e preservado, afinal precisamos dele para viver. Com isso, pode-se afirmar uma visão antropocêntrica, que coloca a natureza como serventia do nosso uso enquanto humanidade. Desse modo, estimam-se implicações para o ensino de Química voltado ao Meio Ambiente, com a prática da EA em um viés crítico e reflexivo perante os problemas socioambientais. / This research aimed to identify the social representations about Chemistry and Environment of high school students of a country school located in the State of Paraná, as well as to investigate relationships between these representations and Environmental Education. In order to do so, it was based on the theoretical and methodological support of Theory of Social Representations and on the analysis of content referring to the dissertation questions. Data were collected through a free recall questionnaire, consisting of identification questions (age, sex and year / series in which he / she studies), two free recall questions and eight essay questions. The inductive terms were Chemistry and Environment. It is concluded that in general, for the group of students studied, Chemistry and the Environment are distant, suggesting the need to intervene Environmental Education in a globalizing bias. It was also observed that Chemistry, for them, is represented socially associated with the school universe, especially in a perspective of experimental science. The Environment is seen as something to be cared for and preserved, after all we need it to live. With this, an anthropocentric view can be affirmed, which places nature as a use of our use as humanity. In this way, we are considering implications for the teaching of Environmental Chemistry, with the practice of EE in a critical and reflexive bias towards socio-environmental problems.

Acompanha: Sequência didática: trabalhando os conceitos de atomística com alunos surdos e Glossário de conceitos químicos para alunos surdos / Este trabalho investigou a compreensão de conceitos químicos por alunos surdos, por meio da implementação de uma Sequência Didática (SD) composta por atividades fundamentadas em conceitos químicos sobre atomística e com o uso de um Glossário de termos químicos elaborado em LIBRAS. A principal questão de investigação foi: “Quais são os indícios de aprendizagem dos alunos surdos com a utilização de um glossário com termos químicos associados ao conceito de átomo?”. A SD intitulada “Trabalhando os conceitos de atomística com alunos surdos”, foi aplicada no Centro de Atendimento Educacional Especializado para Surdos (CAES) do Colégio Estadual Marquês de Caravelas – Ensino Fundamental, Médio e Profissionalizante, localizado no Município de Arapongas, no norte do estado do Paraná. Participaram três estudantes surdas do primeiro, secundo e terceiro ano do Ensino Médio. O trabalho de natureza descritivo exploratória, com abordagem predominantemente qualitativa, foi desenvolvido por meio da pesquisa de campo e pesquisa-ação. A coleta dos dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, na qual as respostas serviram para a investigação da aprendizagem de conceitos químicos com sinais desconhecidos ou inexistentes. Também foi utilizada uma atividade de associação de conceitos químicos às respectivas imagens representativas e a construção de um mapa conceitual semiestruturado. A análise dos resultados revelou que a SD abordada em Língua de Sinais, com atividades visuais e a discussão dos termos químicos a partir do glossário com os sinais específicos contribuiu e facilitou a compreensão da aprendizagem das alunas que participaram do estudo. / This work investigated the comprehension of chemical concepts for deaf students, by means of a Didactic Sequence (DS) consisting of activities based on chemical concepts on atomistic subject and the use of a glossary of chemical terms prepared in Brazilian Language of Signs. The main research question was: "What are the evidences of learning for deaf students when they use a glossary of chemical terms associating images to the concept of atom?". The SD named “Working concepts of atomistic with deaf students" was applied to the Specialized Educational Service Center for the Deaf (CAES) of State College Marquês de Caravelas - Elementary School, Middle and College, located in the city of Arapongas, in northern state of Parana. Three deaf students currently in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd year of high school had participated of the schedule activities. The work had an exploratory and descriptive nature with qualitative approach and was developed through field research under action research. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured interview in which the answers were used for the investigation of learning of chemical concepts with unknown or missing signals. It was also used and activity of matching chemical concepts to their representative images and the construction of a semi-structured conceptual map. The results showed that DS addressed in sign language with visual activities and discussion of chemical terms from the glossary of specific signs contributed and facilitated the learning of the students who participated in the study.

Many students have difficulty of learning abstract and complex topic in chemistry. This study investigated how students develop their understanding of abstract and complex topics of chemistry with the aid of visualizing tools: animation, simulation and video. A particular focus of this investigation was to assess to what extent the uses of pedagogy based technology (PBT) is effective in learning chemistry. The combined effect of animation, simulation and video clips enable learning by doing and provide opportunity to explore the abstract and complex lessons of chemistry. The research was conducted with sequential embedded mixed research (quasi experimental and Explanatory) case study design. The experiment was carried out with second year chemistry students include 90(14 female and 76 male) students, 12 male chemistry lecturers and the college heads. The students were constituted 45 Control group and 45 Treatment groups. The groups were non-equivalent (convenient samples), suggesting that randomization was not possible as the students were in intact classes. To apply animation, simulation and video in supporting student-centered learning activities of electrochemistry for second year students flash and micro media player were used. The treatment group was trained for two weeks how to operate and use animation, simulation and video software. Pre and Post tests were administrated to the target groups. The effectiveness of PBT was also evaluated by administrating separate Schedule containing open and closed ended questions. The comments and ratings obtained from the learners‟ and lecturer insights provided the basis for the learning impact of the study. The result obtained from the vi experiment and responses of the schedule shows that PBT improves the performance of students. Therefore, to make the abstract and complex concepts of chemistry easy and clear Electrochemistry learning should be supported by animation simulation and video. An extended study may help to understand the multi sensory benefit of Pedagogy-Based-Technology. Thus, a possible extension to this study should cover a variety of universities and should aim at evaluating its effectiveness in various context and subjects‟. / Science and Technology Education / D. Phil. (Mathematics, Science and Technology Education (Chemistry Education))

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the use and management of hazardous chemical substances (HCS) at a chemistry department in a selected Higher Education Institution in Gauteng province. Method: A quantitative, baseline descriptive study was conducted using a structured survey checklist. The population consisted of the chemistry department. Other than purposive observation by the researcher, employees present during data collection were approached for further clarifying comment to survey questions. Results: It emerged that physical-, health- and environmental hazard classes of HCS were present; and that hazard types included flammable liquids, HCS with acute toxicity and carcinogenicity. Selected exposure control measures were lacking which created risks of fire and explosion. Conclusion: The study reflected the use and management of HCS, the actual and potential human exposure and the exposure control measures. Varying degrees of compliance were found, which, if attended to, should mitigate risks to health and safety. / Health Studies / M.A. (Nursing Science)

Acompanha: Atividades experimentais investigativas no enfoque CTS: propostas para o ensino de química / Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar quais as contribuições de um curso de formação continuada (FC) por meio de atividades experimentais investigativas no enfoque Ciência-Tecnologia-Sociedade (CTS) para a prática pedagógica dos professores de química no Ensino Médio do município de Rio Negro, que atuam na rede Pública Estadual do Paraná, pertencentes ao Núcleo Regional de Educação da Área Metropolitana Sul. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com os dez (10) professores de química que lecionam nas escolas de Ensino Médio do município de Rio Negro. A discussão teórica dessa pesquisa considerou estudos na área da formação continuada de professores, no enfoque CTS, e atividades experimentais investigativas. A abordagem metodológica foi a qualitativa de natureza aplicada, com o encaminhamento nos princípios da pesquisa-ação segundo aporte teórico de Carr e Kemmis (1986), que sinalizam as fases de: planejamento, ação, observação, reflexão e replanejamento, formando uma espiral cíclica que produz um movimento no contexto ação-reflexão-ação. A coleta de dados se deu por meio de questionários, entrevistas individuais semi-estruturadas, fotos e vídeos das atividades, observação das atividades, arguições orais, portfólios e anotações em diário de campo, sendo categorizados e discutidos pela análise textual discursiva (ATD) conforme Moraes e Galiazzi (2006). Os principais resultados evidenciam que a promoção de uma FC, sobre as atividades experimentais investigativas no enfoque CTS, pode trazer importantes contribuições e subsídios para a ação docente, levando em consideração a realidade e o contexto de sala de aula. Como resultado dessa pesquisa, gerou-se um programa de FC sobre as AEIs no Enfoque CTS nas bases da pesquisa-ação e um livro com os planejamentos dos docentes participantes. Considera-se que a oportunidade de formação continuada para professores de química do Ensino Médio, que atuam na Rede Pública Estadual de Educação do Paraná, sobre as atividades experimentais investigativas no enfoque CTS, pode contribuir na melhoria da qualidade do ensino da ciência e na formação cidadã dos alunos. / This study has as objective to analyze what the contributions of a continuing education course (CE) through experimental investigative activities in the Science-Technology-Society (STS) approach to the pedagogical practice of high school chemistry teachers in the municipality of Rio Negro, that work in the State Public Network of Paraná, belonging to the Regional Education Center of the Metropolitan South Area. The research was developed with the ten (10) chemistry teachers that teach in the high schools of Rio Negro. The theoretical discussion of this research considered studies in the area of continuing teachers training, in the STS approach and experiment investigative activities. The methodological approach was the qualitative of the applied nature, with the referral in the principles of action research according to the theoretical contribution of Carr and Kemmis (1986) that signal the phases of: planning, action, observation, reflection and replanning, forming a cyclical spiral that Produces a movement in the action-reflection-action context. The data collection was done through questionnaires, individual semi-structured interviews, photos and videos of activities, observation of activities, oral arguments, portfolios and field diary annotations, being categorized and discussed by discursive textual analysis (DTA) as Moraes and Galiazzi (2006). The main results show that the promotion of a CE over experimental investigative activities in the STS approach can bring important contributions and subsidies to the teaching action, taking into account the reality and context of the classroom. As a result of this research, a CE program was created on the AEIs in the STS Approach on the basis of action research and a book with the plans of the participating teachers. It is considered that the opportunity for continuing training for high school chemistry teachers working in the State Public Education Network of Paraná on experimental investigative activities in the STS approach can contribute to the improvement of the quality of science education and citizen education from the students.

O Departamento Acadêmico de Química e Biologia da UTFPR- Câmpus Curitiba conta hoje com 30 laboratórios dedicados a atividades de ensino e pesquisa. Atualmente, os resíduos gerados por esses laboratórios são recolhidos e seguem para disposição final. Neste trabalho, foi realizado um levantamento da atual situação da geração de resíduos químicos de laboratório no Departamento. Inicialmente os laboratórios de ensino foram selecionados para execução do trabalho por atenderem maior número de alunos e por suas atividades frequentes, sendo identificados os que atendiam maior número de alunos e onde eram executadas mais aulas práticas. Estudou-se as características dos resíduos gerados nestas aulas, com base nos planos de ensino, acompanhamento de algumas disciplinas durante a execução dos experimentos e registros do almoxarifado. Verificou-se as possibilidades de modificações experimentais, visando a prevenção da geração de resíduos, conforme enunciam os princípios da Química Verde. Desta forma, as disciplinas de Química Inorgânica e Orgânica foram consideradas com boas oportunidades de intervenção. Os roteiros experimentais dessas disciplinas foram estudados, e o inventário dos resíduos gerados por elas apontaram a geração de resíduos perigosos, segundo a NBR 10.004 da ABNT. Elaborou-se cinco novos roteiros de aulas práticas e as modificações metodológicas propostas envolveram a substituição de reagentes que pudessem originar resíduos perigosos contendo bário, chumbo, acetato de etila e clorofórmio. Realizou-se estudo na literatura, de modo a embasar teoricamente as propostas, as quais foram testadas em laboratório. Os testes realizados atingiram os objetivos propostos, comprovando a possibilidade de aplicação das modificações sugeridas. Um dos roteiros modificados foi aplicado em aula prática com o objetivo de verificar sua aplicabilidade e como os alunos receberiam as mudanças. Os alunos executaram e verificaram os fenômenos conforme os objetivos do roteiro, comprovando que o aprendizado não foi prejudicado e que o caráter didático da aula foi mantido. Concluiu-se que é possível executar as aulas práticas das disciplinas citadas prevenindo a geração de resíduos perigosos por meio de técnicas simples e aplicáveis, mantendo-se os objetivos iniciais das aulas práticas e incorporando-se princípios da Química Verde. / The Academic Department of Chemistry and Biology of UTFPR- Campus Curitiba today has 30 laboratories dedicated to teaching and research activities. Currently, waste generated by these laboratories are collected and proceed to final disposal. In this study, we conducted a survey of the current situation of the generation of laboratory chemical waste in the Department. Initially teaching laboratories were selected for execution of work for meeting more students and their frequent activity, were identified that met more students and where they were executed more practical classes. Studied the characteristics of the waste generated in these classes, based on the teaching plans, monitoring of some subjects during the execution of experiments and records the warehouse. There was the possibility of experimental changes, preventing the generation of waste, as set out the principles of green chemistry. Thus, the disciplines of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry were considered with good opportunities for intervention. The experimental manuals of these subjects were studied, and the inventory of the waste generated by them showed the generation of hazardous waste according to NBR 10004 of ABNT. We developed five new routes of practical classes and methodological changes proposed involved the replacement of reagents that could give rise to hazardous waste containing barium, lead, ethyl acetate and chloroform. It was proposed in the literature to explain theoretically proposed, which were tested in the laboratory. The tests met the proposed objectives, proving the applicability of the suggested changes. One of the modified scripts was applied in practical class in order to verify its applicability and how students receive the changes. Students performed and observed phenomena according to the objectives of the roadmap, proving that learning was not harmed and that the didactic nature of the class was held. In conclusion, you can perform the practical lessons of the disciplines mentioned preventing the generation of hazardous waste through simple and applicable techniques, maintaining the initial objectives of the practical classes and incorporating up principles of Green Chemistry.

Acompanha: Atividades experimentais investigativas no enfoque CTS: propostas para o ensino de química / Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar quais as contribuições de um curso de formação continuada (FC) por meio de atividades experimentais investigativas no enfoque Ciência-Tecnologia-Sociedade (CTS) para a prática pedagógica dos professores de química no Ensino Médio do município de Rio Negro, que atuam na rede Pública Estadual do Paraná, pertencentes ao Núcleo Regional de Educação da Área Metropolitana Sul. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com os dez (10) professores de química que lecionam nas escolas de Ensino Médio do município de Rio Negro. A discussão teórica dessa pesquisa considerou estudos na área da formação continuada de professores, no enfoque CTS, e atividades experimentais investigativas. A abordagem metodológica foi a qualitativa de natureza aplicada, com o encaminhamento nos princípios da pesquisa-ação segundo aporte teórico de Carr e Kemmis (1986), que sinalizam as fases de: planejamento, ação, observação, reflexão e replanejamento, formando uma espiral cíclica que produz um movimento no contexto ação-reflexão-ação. A coleta de dados se deu por meio de questionários, entrevistas individuais semi-estruturadas, fotos e vídeos das atividades, observação das atividades, arguições orais, portfólios e anotações em diário de campo, sendo categorizados e discutidos pela análise textual discursiva (ATD) conforme Moraes e Galiazzi (2006). Os principais resultados evidenciam que a promoção de uma FC, sobre as atividades experimentais investigativas no enfoque CTS, pode trazer importantes contribuições e subsídios para a ação docente, levando em consideração a realidade e o contexto de sala de aula. Como resultado dessa pesquisa, gerou-se um programa de FC sobre as AEIs no Enfoque CTS nas bases da pesquisa-ação e um livro com os planejamentos dos docentes participantes. Considera-se que a oportunidade de formação continuada para professores de química do Ensino Médio, que atuam na Rede Pública Estadual de Educação do Paraná, sobre as atividades experimentais investigativas no enfoque CTS, pode contribuir na melhoria da qualidade do ensino da ciência e na formação cidadã dos alunos. / This study has as objective to analyze what the contributions of a continuing education course (CE) through experimental investigative activities in the Science-Technology-Society (STS) approach to the pedagogical practice of high school chemistry teachers in the municipality of Rio Negro, that work in the State Public Network of Paraná, belonging to the Regional Education Center of the Metropolitan South Area. The research was developed with the ten (10) chemistry teachers that teach in the high schools of Rio Negro. The theoretical discussion of this research considered studies in the area of continuing teachers training, in the STS approach and experiment investigative activities. The methodological approach was the qualitative of the applied nature, with the referral in the principles of action research according to the theoretical contribution of Carr and Kemmis (1986) that signal the phases of: planning, action, observation, reflection and replanning, forming a cyclical spiral that Produces a movement in the action-reflection-action context. The data collection was done through questionnaires, individual semi-structured interviews, photos and videos of activities, observation of activities, oral arguments, portfolios and field diary annotations, being categorized and discussed by discursive textual analysis (DTA) as Moraes and Galiazzi (2006). The main results show that the promotion of a CE over experimental investigative activities in the STS approach can bring important contributions and subsidies to the teaching action, taking into account the reality and context of the classroom. As a result of this research, a CE program was created on the AEIs in the STS Approach on the basis of action research and a book with the plans of the participating teachers. It is considered that the opportunity for continuing training for high school chemistry teachers working in the State Public Education Network of Paraná on experimental investigative activities in the STS approach can contribute to the improvement of the quality of science education and citizen education from the students.