The purpose of this study is to investigate the experience of breastfeeding practices among employed mothers in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Chiang Mai is the second largest city following Bangkok (Thailand capital). Growth and development of Chiang Mai is rapid in terms of social and economic changes. Many women work outside the home as well as perform housework, and thus dual roles are common. Labour force participation for women in the childbearing years has increased rapidly, particularly in the non-agricultural sector. The demands of the formal labour market in the urban setting mean that most mothers must leave their children when they are working. These circumstances make combining reproductive and productive roles difficult, with possible implications for the breastfeeding relationship. Previous studies have produced ambiguous and contradictory findings about the links between employment and breastfeeding. (For complete abstract open document)

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Thesis (Ed. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 228-238). / Microfiche. / xiv, 238 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:20:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Rogerio Scarano.pdf: 2048190 bytes, checksum: 33a0f06df2db79357f59f0dbab92aed9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-03 / The purpose of this work is to analyze the possibilities and limitations of the regional financial arrangement called Chiang Mai Initiative (CMI); a agreement among the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, Japan, China and South Korea (ASEAN+3), whose aim is to supply temporary funds to any of its members in need, to face an international context of high volatility of capital flows in which the lacking of proper mechanisms to provide liquidity could result in crises that could go beyond the boundaries of a particular nation. This interdisciplinary study, which shares topics with the areas of International Relations and International Political Economy, is fundamental to understand the scope and the difficulties involving regional financial agreements among different countries that frequently compete with each other and have a history of rivalry and territorial disputes. So the initial hypothesis about the reaches and limitations of Chiang Mai Initiative is that they are a result of the financial and economical interdependence, associated with the political differences between the countries of the ASEAN+3. This work starts with a short review on the International Monetary and Financial System and its institutions, particularly the role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), since the Bretton Woods agreements until the current international financial architecture. It follows a discussion about how this architecture may be associated with the Asiatic Crises of 1997-98, basing the analysis on the vulnerability indicators of the countries affected by the crises and the actions taken by the IMF. The discontentment concerning the procedures of the international financial institutions favored the conditions necessary for the progress of the CMI. Such progress will be approached based on the analysis of the documentation produced at the ASEAN+3 Finance Ministers Meeting and the associated literature. After discussed the CMI institutional characteristics, this work explores the degree of economic integration between the countries of the region, using the data available by the local governments and the international organizations like the IMF, the World Bank and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). It is also shown in this work that if in on hand the regional interdependence justifies a regional financial arrangement like the CMI, on the other hand the absence of a clear regional hegemony, the regional rivalries and a significant territorial disputes caused difficulties to establish a regional cooperation environment. The large accumulation of international reserves as a self protection mechanism among the East Asian nations illustrates their suspicious regarding a regional collective solution / O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar as possibilidades e as limitações do arranjo financeiro regional denominado Iniciativa de Chiang Mai (CMI), acordado entre os países da Associação das Nações do Sudeste Asiático, o Japão, a China e a Coréia (ASEAN+3). Trata-se de uma iniciativa regional para fazer frente às necessidades temporárias de divisas que um país-membro possa enfrentar, em um cenário internacional de grande volatilidade no fluxo de capitais, em que a ausência de mecanismos adequados e tempestivos de provisão de liquidez pode resultar em uma crise com poder para ultrapassar as fronteiras da nação inicialmente atingida. O estudo do tema, de caráter interdisciplinar entre as áreas de Relações Internacionais e da Economia Política Internacional, é fundamental para que se possam compreender os alcances e as dificuldades que envolvem um acordo para fornecimento de divisas entre países muito diferentes, que frequentemente competem entre si, e que possuem um histórico de rivalidades e disputas territoriais. Assim, parte-se da hipótese de que os alcances e as limitações da CMI são dados pela interdependência econômicofinanceira e pelas diferenças políticas entre os países associados à ASEAN+3. Para realizar o presente trabalho, parte-se de uma breve revisão da literatura sobre o Sistema Monetário e Financeiro Internacional e suas instituições, com ênfase no papel do Fundo Monetário Internacional (FMI), dos acordos de Bretton Woods até a atual configuração da arquitetura financeira internacional. Em seguida, o trabalho discute como tal arquitetura pode ser associada à natureza da Crise Asiática de 1997-98, analisando os indicadores de vulnerabilidade dos países afetados e a atuação do FMI. Mostra, assim, que o descontentamento com o encaminhamento dado pela institucionalidade financeira internacional criou o ambiente necessário para o avanço da CMI. Tal avanço será retratado a partir da análise da documentação produzida nas Reuniões dos Ministros das Finanças da ASEAN+3 e da literatura subsequente. Exposta a institucionalidade da CMI, o trabalho parte para uma análise exploratória do grau de integração econômica entre os países da região, a partir de dados disponibilizados pelos governos locais e por organizações internacionais como o FMI, o Banco Mundial e a Conferência das Nações Unidas para o Comércio e o Desenvolvimento (UNCTAD). O trabalho mostra que, se por um lado o grau de interdependência regional justifica um arranjo financeiro regional como a CMI, e sua institucionalização é evidência disso, por outro lado, a inexistência de uma clara hegemonia na região, as rivalidades entre os países e a existência de disputas territoriais importantes criam dificuldades para a cooperação regional. O elevado acúmulo de reservas internacionais, como mecanismo individual de autoproteção generalizado entre os países do Leste Asiático, ilustra sua desconfiança em uma solução coletiva regional

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:53:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Rogerio Scarano.pdf: 2048190 bytes, checksum: 33a0f06df2db79357f59f0dbab92aed9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-03 / The purpose of this work is to analyze the possibilities and limitations of the regional financial arrangement called Chiang Mai Initiative (CMI); a agreement among the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, Japan, China and South Korea (ASEAN+3), whose aim is to supply temporary funds to any of its members in need, to face an international context of high volatility of capital flows in which the lacking of proper mechanisms to provide liquidity could result in crises that could go beyond the boundaries of a particular nation. This interdisciplinary study, which shares topics with the areas of International Relations and International Political Economy, is fundamental to understand the scope and the difficulties involving regional financial agreements among different countries that frequently compete with each other and have a history of rivalry and territorial disputes. So the initial hypothesis about the reaches and limitations of Chiang Mai Initiative is that they are a result of the financial and economical interdependence, associated with the political differences between the countries of the ASEAN+3. This work starts with a short review on the International Monetary and Financial System and its institutions, particularly the role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), since the Bretton Woods agreements until the current international financial architecture. It follows a discussion about how this architecture may be associated with the Asiatic Crises of 1997-98, basing the analysis on the vulnerability indicators of the countries affected by the crises and the actions taken by the IMF. The discontentment concerning the procedures of the international financial institutions favored the conditions necessary for the progress of the CMI. Such progress will be approached based on the analysis of the documentation produced at the ASEAN+3 Finance Ministers Meeting and the associated literature. After discussed the CMI institutional characteristics, this work explores the degree of economic integration between the countries of the region, using the data available by the local governments and the international organizations like the IMF, the World Bank and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). It is also shown in this work that if in on hand the regional interdependence justifies a regional financial arrangement like the CMI, on the other hand the absence of a clear regional hegemony, the regional rivalries and a significant territorial disputes caused difficulties to establish a regional cooperation environment. The large accumulation of international reserves as a self protection mechanism among the East Asian nations illustrates their suspicious regarding a regional collective solution / O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar as possibilidades e as limitações do arranjo financeiro regional denominado Iniciativa de Chiang Mai (CMI), acordado entre os países da Associação das Nações do Sudeste Asiático, o Japão, a China e a Coréia (ASEAN+3). Trata-se de uma iniciativa regional para fazer frente às necessidades temporárias de divisas que um país-membro possa enfrentar, em um cenário internacional de grande volatilidade no fluxo de capitais, em que a ausência de mecanismos adequados e tempestivos de provisão de liquidez pode resultar em uma crise com poder para ultrapassar as fronteiras da nação inicialmente atingida. O estudo do tema, de caráter interdisciplinar entre as áreas de Relações Internacionais e da Economia Política Internacional, é fundamental para que se possam compreender os alcances e as dificuldades que envolvem um acordo para fornecimento de divisas entre países muito diferentes, que frequentemente competem entre si, e que possuem um histórico de rivalidades e disputas territoriais. Assim, parte-se da hipótese de que os alcances e as limitações da CMI são dados pela interdependência econômicofinanceira e pelas diferenças políticas entre os países associados à ASEAN+3. Para realizar o presente trabalho, parte-se de uma breve revisão da literatura sobre o Sistema Monetário e Financeiro Internacional e suas instituições, com ênfase no papel do Fundo Monetário Internacional (FMI), dos acordos de Bretton Woods até a atual configuração da arquitetura financeira internacional. Em seguida, o trabalho discute como tal arquitetura pode ser associada à natureza da Crise Asiática de 1997-98, analisando os indicadores de vulnerabilidade dos países afetados e a atuação do FMI. Mostra, assim, que o descontentamento com o encaminhamento dado pela institucionalidade financeira internacional criou o ambiente necessário para o avanço da CMI. Tal avanço será retratado a partir da análise da documentação produzida nas Reuniões dos Ministros das Finanças da ASEAN+3 e da literatura subsequente. Exposta a institucionalidade da CMI, o trabalho parte para uma análise exploratória do grau de integração econômica entre os países da região, a partir de dados disponibilizados pelos governos locais e por organizações internacionais como o FMI, o Banco Mundial e a Conferência das Nações Unidas para o Comércio e o Desenvolvimento (UNCTAD). O trabalho mostra que, se por um lado o grau de interdependência regional justifica um arranjo financeiro regional como a CMI, e sua institucionalização é evidência disso, por outro lado, a inexistência de uma clara hegemonia na região, as rivalidades entre os países e a existência de disputas territoriais importantes criam dificuldades para a cooperação regional. O elevado acúmulo de reservas internacionais, como mecanismo individual de autoproteção generalizado entre os países do Leste Asiático, ilustra sua desconfiança em uma solução coletiva regional

Cette étude, conçue comme un état des lieux des peintures murales dans les monastères de six districts de la province de Chiang Mai, a permis d’une part d’étudier les différents acteurs de la commande artistique [commanditaires, donateurs, artistes] et d’autre part de définir ces peintures en quatre groupes selon une classification à la fois chronologique et stylistique. Les multiples facteurs susceptibles d’influencer la présence ou l’absence de peintures dans les temples ont été également examinés. Une comparaison de l’iconographie présentée dans ces temples entre les quatre groupes retrouvés a été également entreprise afin d’affiner les caractéristiques de ces derniers. En parallèle, une attention toute particulière a été portée aux artistes travaillant dans les temples afin de mieux connaître ces individus méconnus et ignorés. Formations, milieux sociaux, place de la femme artiste, inspirations et influences, autant de thèmes évoqués au sein de cette étude. / This study, designed as an inventory of murals in the monasteries of six districts of the province of Chiang Mai made it possible on the one hand to study the various actors involved in an art order [sponsors, donors, artists] and on the other hand to classify these paintings into four groups according to their chronological and stylistic description. The multiple factors likely to influence the presence or the absence of paintings in the temples were also examined. A comparison of the iconography between the four groups found in these temples was also undertaken in order to refine their characteristics. In parallel, special attention was paid to the artists working in the temples in order to learn more about these unsung and ignored individuals. Training, social environments, place of the woman artist, inspirations and influences are topics discussed in this study.

Typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1986. / Bibliography: leaves 442-469. / Photocopy. / xv. 469 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

With the development of economic globalization, the threat of international financial crisis is rising. In order to address the challenge of financial crisis, the regional financial cooperation is becoming important mechanism for political elite in East Asia. Although Taiwan has important status of international economics and trade in East Asia and close economic and trade relations with China, but it is still difficult for Taiwan to join East Asia financial cooperation due to Cross-Strait political factor. This thesis analyses the political consensus of political elite in East Asia through the perspective of ¡§Neo-functionalism¡¨ on the impact of two stages of East Asia financial cooperation after international financial crisis in 1997 and 2008, and on the difficulty for Taiwan to take part in regional financial cooperation of ASEAN+3 with China¡¦s increasing political and economic influence in East Asia. Therefore this thesis analyses above issues for providing advices to Taiwan government regarding policymaking on participation in East Asia financial cooperation.

Based on oral histories of agriculture and health in the Mae Chaem valley, northern Thailand, this work documents changing child health and medical practice since the 1950's and explores possible connections with increasing pesticide use. The research shows how local knowledge can help us understand relationships between changing technology, ecology, and human health. Parents and farmers in the Mae Chaem valley of Chiang Mai province, Northern Thailand, live at the intersection of multiple local and global streams of land use and child health biotechnology. Based on systematically collected autobiographical oral histories from parents and farmers, as well as interviews and participant observation with land use and child health experts the study considers the relationships between child health and land use change, and particularly the rise of pesticide intensive cash cropping, since the late 1950’s. Introductory chapters on theory and methods precede a description of the ethnographic context. Case studies illustrating parent and farmer histories of child health and land use change spanning fifty years are provided. Seven streams of biotechnical expertise are identified, and mini-ethnographies are provided for each including domestic, Buddhist, Muang, spirit, market, national, and Christian. These seven streams are analyzed using actor-network theory (ANT) with relationships to particular notions of ontology, cosmology, and ecology. Results demonstrate the ongoing importance of parents and farmers as decision making agents at the intersection of multiple and competing cultural and biotechnical streams, even where they face efforts by large multinational corporations or other agencies to advertise, constrain and monopolize local biotechnical choice. Within the fifty year time period under consideration, the oral histories describe particular child health and land use trends. These locally perceived trends provide challenging perspectives on the relationship between ‘development’ and child health in Thailand. While children die far less often now than in the past, oral histories suggest that both children and fields now suffer from more kinds of illness, and more often, than before. In particular, both qualitative and more quantitative analysis suggests differences in the experience of child health among pesticide and non-pesticide using households.