Vaikų fizinis aktyvumas – vienas iš svarbiausių gyvensenos veiksnių, stiprinančių fizinį pajėgumą, sveikatą, gerovę bei užtikrinančių harmoningą vaikų vystymąsi. Tačiau dauguma atliktų tyrimų rodo, kad vaikų fizinis aktyvumas kasmet mažėja. Tai sąlygojo ir šio tyrimo pasirinkimą. Bakalauro darbe tiriamas jaunesniojo mokyklinio amžiaus vaikų sveikatingumo ir fizinio aktyvumo tendencijas bei tėvų ir pedagogų požiūrį į vaiko fizinio aktyvumo ugdymą (-si). / Children‘s physical activity is one of the most important factors of lifestyle, promoting physical fitness, health and prosperity and ensuring the harmonious development of children. However, most studies show that children’s physical activity is declining every year. This resulted in the choice of the study. In this Bachelor‘s thesis is explore the younger school- age children in health and physical activity trends and their parents and teachers’ attitudes to the child’s physical education.

Orientador: Ricardo Cordeiro / Resumo: As condições de vida das gestantes são muito importantes para a saúde de sua criança. Sabendo que muitos fatores podem interferir nessas condições e consequentemente no crescimento e desenvolvimento de seus filhos, foi proposto este trabalho, com o objetivo de caracterizar algumas variáveis biológicas, sociais, assistenciais e ocupacionais de gestantes e sua associação com o peso e crescimento de crianças nos primeiros meses de vida. Para tanto, em 1997 foram feitas 219 entrevistas domiciliares com puérperas que realizaram o pré-natal em 10 unidades básicas de saúde e em um consultório particular do município de Botucatu-SP, e foram avaliadas suas crianças entre 0 e 10 meses de vida. Os objetivos foram atingidos, calculando-se os valores médios das variáveis analisadas, sendo utilizada a técnica de análise de variância para verificar a existência de associação entre a ocupação do chefe da família das gestantes e o crescimento de seus filhos nos primeiros meses de vida. Observou-se que das mulheres entrevistadas, 62,5% (I.C. 56,1% - 68,9%) eram adolescentes e jovens, 82,2% (77,1% - 87,2%) iniciaram o pré-natal no primeiro trimestre de gestação e o número de consultas variou entre 7 e 15, sendo que 42,9% (36,3% - 49,4%) realizaram entre 7 e 9 consultas. No terceiro mês de vida das crianças somente 22,3% (16,7% - 27,7%) estavam sendo amamentadas com leite materno exclusivo. Quanto ao trabalho, 49,8% (43,1% - 56,3) das mulheres trabalharam durante a gestação e dessas, somente 41,8% (32,6% - 51,0%) tiveram o direito à licença gestante. A ocupação da maioria das gestantes foi na área de serviços, com 86,3%... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: An expecting mother's living conditions are extremely important for her child's health. Being aware that many factors interfere in these conditions and consequently in a child's growth and development, we have prepared this paper with the scope of characterizing some biogical, social, aiding, and occupational variables of expecting mothers and their correlation with a child's weight and development over its first months of existence. For that purpose 219 domestic interviews were conducted in 1997 with pregnant women who had undergone prenatal care in 10 basic heath units and in one private doctor's office in Botucatu, SP. Their babies were examined in the age span from 0 to 10 months old. Our objects were reached by calculating the mean results of the variables analyzed. Variance analysis technique was utilized to check the existence of interrelation between a child's father's occupation and his child's growth in its first months of life. The following results were obtained: 62.5% (I.C. 56.1% - 68.9%) were made up of adolescents and young people. 82.2% (77.1% - 87.2%) began their prenatal care in the first quarter of gestation and the number of doctor's appointments varied between 7 and 15; in this group 42.9% (36.3% - 49.4%) had between 7 and 9 appointments. Only 22.3% (16.7% - 27.7%) of three-month old children were solely breastfed. Regarding work, 49.8% (43.1% - 56.3%) of women worked during pregnancy and only 41,8% out of the latter figures (32.6% - 51.0%) were entitled to maternity leave. Most expecting mothers (86.3% e.g. 79.9% - 92.7%) worked in the service industry. It came to our attention by the time of the interview that few women returned to work after delivering... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-10-18T19:19:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 reginasadosreis.pdf: 431826 bytes, checksum: 853c34fab1c554729e29403d923adf19 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-10-25T12:12:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 reginasadosreis.pdf: 431826 bytes, checksum: 853c34fab1c554729e29403d923adf19 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-25T12:12:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 reginasadosreis.pdf: 431826 bytes, checksum: 853c34fab1c554729e29403d923adf19 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-17 / A partir da compreensão da saúde enquanto produto das condições de vida, este trabalho discute como o assistente social, inserido no hospital público, pode trabalhar as demandas socias das famílias de crianças internadas por doenças evitáveis. O estudo analisa as contribuições da intervenção profissional nas condições de vida destas famílias, especialmente, a partir da ação intersetorial, entendida como um dos pilares da integralidade, capaz de possibilitar um atendimento mais efetivo às necessidades dos usuários. / Starting from the understanding of the health while product of the life conditions, this work discusses as the social worker, inserted at the public hospital, he can work the social demands of the children's families interned by avoidable diseases. The study examines the contributions of professional intervention in the life conditions of families, especially from the intersectoral action, seen as a pillar of integrality, capable of providing a attendance more effective to the needs of users.

Introducción: Las vacunas son una de las medidas de salud pública más costo-efectivas. A pesar de que el esquema de vacunación de Perú es completo y accesible, su cobertura permanece baja. Objetivo: Evaluar los determinantes, tendencias y distribución espacial de la cobertura completa de vacunación en niños de 13 a 59 meses en el periodo 2010-2019 en Perú. Métodos: Se realizó un análisis secundario de la Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud Familiar (DHS) del 2010 y 2019. Se definió cobertura completa de vacunación como haber recibido las vacunas: Bacilo de Calmette–Guérin (BCG); tres dosis de DPT (difteria, tetanos, pertussis) y de polio; y una dosis de sarampión. Se empleó el análisis de descomposición multivariada para identificar factores que contribuyeron al cambio en la cobertura completa de vacunación. La distribución espacial de la cobertura completa de vacunación en 2019 se evaluó mediante la prueba I de Morán Global, interpolación Kriging y escaneo espacial puramente estadístico basado en el modelo de Bernoulli. Resultados: La cobertura incrementó de 54.62% en 2010 a 76.39% en 2019. La mayor parte (69.47%) se atribuyó a las diferencias en los efectos de las características. El tamaño familiar, visita del personal de salud, lugar de nacimiento y los controles prenatales contribuyeron a este cambio. Se observó un patrón espacial por clusters. Conclusiones: A pesar del incremento de la cobertura de vacunación en Perú, permanece baja y existe alta heterogeneidad, con presencia de clusters de alto riesgo. Se deben redirigir las intervenciones para reducir estas disparidades geográficas. / Introduction: Vaccines are one of the most cost-effective public health measures worldwide. Although the Peruvian vaccination schedule is complete and accessible, vaccination coverage remains low. Objective: To evaluate the trend, determinants and spatial distribution of full vaccination coverage in infants aged 13 to 59 months in the period 2010-2019 in Peru. Methods: A secondary analysis of the 2010 and 2019 National Demographic and Family Health Surveys (DHS) was conducted. Full vaccination coverage was defined as having completely received the following vaccines: Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG); three doses of DPT (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis) and polio vaccine; and a dose of measles vaccine. Multivariate decomposition analysis was used to identify factors that contributed to the change in complete vaccination coverage. The spatial distribution of complete vaccination coverage in 2019 was evaluated using the Global Moran I test, Kriging interpolation and Bernoulli-based purely spatial scan statistic. Results: Coverage increased from 54.62% in 2010 to 76.39% in 2019. Most of the increase (69.47%) was attributed to differences in the effects of characteristics. Family size, visit by health workers, place of delivery and antenatal care follow-up were all significantly associated with this change. A clustered pattern was observed. Conclusions: Despite the increase in vaccination coverage in Peru, it remains low and there was high spatial heterogeneity, with the presence of high-risk clusters. Interventions must be redirected to reduce these geographic disparities. / Tesis

Introducción El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los determinantes sociales que explican mejor la prevalencia de anemia infantil que continúa elevada en el Perú. Materiales y métodos Se incluyó datos registrados en la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar (ENDES). Se calculó la desigualdad absoluta y relativa para cada año desde el 2004 al 2017 con datos consolidados. Además, se obtuvo los datos de hemoglobina sanguínea registrados a través de datos individuales para los años 2010 y 2017. Finalmente, se realizó un análisis descomposición de Oaxaca - Blinder para establecer que determinantes sociales explican la brecha de la desigualdad en la distribución del promedio de la hemoglobina entre ricos y pobres para estos dos años. Resultados El análisis de descomposición de Oaxaca identificó que la brecha entre el promedio de hemoglobina entre los ricos y pobres fue explicada por las diferencias en las variables educación materna (11%), región (14%), el grupo de edad (2%) y de otras variables no estudiadas (46%) en el año 2017. En el 2010 la brecha es explicada únicamente por la región (23%) y de otras variables no implicadas en el estudio (60%). Además, la desigualdad absoluta y relativa no se ha modificado sustancialmente ni antes ni durante la implementación del “Plan Nacional 2014-2016”. Conclusión La brecha de desigualdad sobre la prevalencia de anemia se mantuvo elevada durante el tiempo estudiado. La educación materna, la región y grupo etario explicaron la desigualdad en los promedios de hemoglobina. / Introduction The present study aimed to evaluate the social determinants that better explain the prevalence of childhood anemia, which is still high in Peru. Materials and methods Data registered in the Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) were included. Absolute and relative inequality was calculated for each year from 2004 to 2017 with consolidated data. In addition, the blood hemoglobin data registered through individual data for the years 2010 and 2017 was obtained. Finally, a decomposition analysis of Oaxaca - Blinder was carried out to establish that social determinants explain the inequality gap in the distribution of the average of the hemoglobin between rich and poor for these two years. Results The decomposition analysis of Oaxaca identified that the gap between the average hemoglobin between the rich and the poor was explained by the differences in the variables maternal education (11%), region (14%), age group (2%) and of other variables not studied (46%) in 2017. In 2010 the gap is explained only by the region (23%) and of other variables not involved in the study (60%). Furthermore, absolute and relative inequality has not changed substantially either before or during the implementation of the "National Plan 2014-2016". Conclusion The inequality gap on the prevalence of anemia remained high during the time studied. Maternal education, region and age group explained the inequality in hemoglobin averages. / Tesis