Tyrimo tikslas - atskleisti, kaip skirtingi tėvystės patirties aspektai (išoriniai ir vidiniai) yra susiję su vyrų gyvenimo kokybės pokyčiais pirmaisiais metais po kūdikio gimimo. Tyrime dalyvavo 170 vyrų auginančių kūdikius iki metų laiko, dalis tiriamųjų pašalinta iš analizės, todėl tyrimo analizė atlikta su 157 tiriamaisiais. Tiriamieji tyrimui atrinkti patogiosios atrankos būdu. Tyrimas atliktas Lietuvos mastu, kadangi anketos platintos per internetinius portalus tokius, kaip „supermama“, „mamų klubas“, „tavo mažylis“, „tindi rindi“, „facebook“ ir pan. Be internetinės apklausos surinkta ir keletas anketų raštu. Anketa sudaryta iš keleto klausimynų. Ją sudaro tokios dalys: demografiniai dalykai, motinos kompetencijos klausimynas, su sveikata susijusios gyvenimo kokybės pokyčių klausimynas, tėvystės kompetencijos klausimynas. Bendras klausimų skaičius anketoje – 86 klausimai. Atskiros dalys sudarytos iš skirtingo skaičiaus klausimų. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, jog vyrų gyvenimo kokybės pokyčiai pirmaisiais metais po kūdikio gimimo yra susiję su išoriniais, fiziniais, socialiniais ir materialiniais veiksniais tokiais kaip materialinės sąlygos kūdikio auginimui, socialinis partnerių palaikymas, kūdikio ramumas, partnerių pasiruošimas motinystei. Individualūs psichologiniai veiksniai (vyrų savo tėvystės įgūdžių vertinimas, tėvystės siekiamumas, pasiruošimas šiam vaidmeniui, įtampa susijusi su tėvyste) turi reikšmingas sąsajas su teigiamais su sveikata susijusios gyvenimo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of the research is to reveal how different parental experience aspects (external and internal) are related to the male life quality and its changes. There were 170 male participants in the research, parenting infants under 12 months age, due to the elimination of some respondents from the research, the research analysis was conducted with 157 respondents. The research respondents were selected by convenience sampling. The research was conducted on the local scale in Lithuania as the surveys were distributed by online portals such as „supermama“, „mamų klubas“, „tavo mažylis“, „tindi rindi“,„facebook“ etc. Besides the online survey, some surveys in a written form were collected. The survey consists of several questionnairies. It is formed of the following parts: demographics, mother competence questionnaire, the life quality changes in relation to health questionnaire, parenting sense of competence questionnaire. The total number of questions in the survey is 86. The seperate parts are formed from different number of questions. The research results demonstrated that men‘s life quality changes during the first year after the childbirth are related to external, physical, social and material aspects such as material conditions for the child raising, the support of social partners, the infant‘s calmness, the preparation of partners for the motherhood. Individual psychological factors ( men‘s self-evaluation of parental skills, the pursuit for parenting, the preparation... [to full text]

This thesis presents a single witness edition of The Knowing of Woman’s Kind in Childing, which is a 14th century vernacular obstetrical and gynaecological treatise found in British Library MS Additional 12195. Purported to be emulating medical texts of French and Latin origin, The Knowing of Woman's Kind in Childing is “a novel fusing of several different texts and theoretical traditions into a single work” (Green, “Obstetrical” 64). The Knowing of Woman’s Kind in Childing is an important and significant medieval medical text because it has a self-identified female audience and a female-orientated medical focus. Accompanying notes and emendations from the four other extant witnesses are also presented: Oxford Bodley MS Douce 37 (SC 21611), Oxford MS Bodley 483 (SC 2062), Cambridge University Library MS Ii. 6. 33, and British Library MS Sloane 421A. This thesis explores the folklore of the traditional herbs, medicinals, and compounds used in the treatise. A comparison of the material appended to all five of the extant witnesses is presented in Appendix A; Appendix B lists the incidence of rubrication found in this edition; originating source material for the Knowing of Woman’s Kind in Childing is presented in Appendix C; and an alphabetical catalogue of medicinals, in four tables, can be found in Appendix D.

Il presente studio intervento randomizzato è stato condotto su 140 donne assegnate - a seguito del parto - alla condizione di scrittura espressiva (EW) o alla condizione di scrittura neutra non-emotiva (NW). L’obiettivo era indagare gli effetti della scrittura espressiva sull’esperienza del parto sia sul funzionamento psicologico – sintomi depressivi e postraumatici da stress- (Studio 1a), sia sul funzionamento genitoriale - stress che la madre incontra nell’esercizio del suo ruolo e nell’interazione con il bambino – (Studio 2) al follow-up a tre mesi dal parto. Inoltre, sono state indagate le differenze individuali (moderatori) e i meccanismi psicologici- linguistici (mediatori) associati al cambiamento positivo a seguito della scrittura espressiva (Studio 1b). Gli studi hanno evidenziato che i sintomi depressivi e di intrusione connessi al trauma si riducevano nelle donne assegnate alla condizione EW nel confronto con la condizione NW e che a beneficiare dell’intervento erano le donne con sintomi acuti post-partum (Studio 1a). L’elaborazione cognitiva dell’esperienza stressante del parto attraverso le sessioni di scrittura è stata identificata come il meccanismo chiave, responsabile degli effetti benefici sulla sintomatologia depressiva postnatale (Studio 1b). Infine, il terzo studio ha identificato un effetto positivo della scrittura espressiva sulla qualità dell’interazione madre-bambino moderato da alcune caratteristiche individuali. / One hundred forty women participated in the present randomized intervention study. Right after giving birth women were assigned to the Expressive Writing (EW) intervention group or to the non-emotional neutral writing (NW) condition. The aim was to investigate the effects in the childbirth experience of expressive writing both on psychological functioning - depression and post-partum traumatic stress symptoms - (Study 1a), and on parental functioning - the stress experienced by mothers in their parental role and in the interaction with the newborn - (Study 2) at a three-month follow-up after delivery. Individual differences were investigated as moderators and psycholinguistic mechanisms as mediators associated with positive changes following expressive writing (Study 1b). Results indicate that depression and intrusive symptoms related to the trauma decreased in EW women compared to NW women, and that acute post-partum symptom women benefited the most (Study 1a). Cognitive elaboration of the childbirth traumatic experience taking place during writing sessions is the key mechanism responsible for the beneficial effects on postnatal depression symptoms (Study 1b). Finally, the third study indicated a positive effect of expressive writing on the quality of mother-child interaction. The effect resulted moderated by some individual characteristics.

Bearing in Mind: Birth, Fathers, Ritual, and 'Reproductive Consciousness' in Transpersonal Anthropological Perspective is an exploration of 'unusual' psychospiritual experiences among a small group of procreative fathering males in New Zealand and the viewing of these experiences through a transpersonal anthropological lens. I have used the transpersonal literature and the anthropological record, coupled with fieldwork among contemporary males to explore some of their more 'non-ordinary' responses to childbirth, paying close attention to the symbolic and therapeutic dimension implicated in their participation The term 'non-ordinary' pertains to NOSC or non ordinary states of consciousness (see glossary). Frequently their narratives suggest psychological encounters with death and transpersonal states of consciousness. This research examines these states of consciousness, the broad cultural context from which they arise and their relationship to birthing. Two basic themes are explored: 1) the social shaping of birth as a transpersonal event and ritual at the time fathers joined their partners in birthing during the late 1960s, and 2) an investigation of the transpersonal experience itself. Such phenomena have wide anthropological ramifications which opens a third theme for exploration: the possible parallels with more traditional, shamanistic, and/or indigenous midwifery and obstetrical manoeuvres (and therefore religion) – these parallels will be outlined and explored. This thesis relies heavily on a reinterpretation of the transpersonal and anthropological literature; however it is the fieldwork (gathering birth stories from men and women) that is crucial because it is the transpersonal content of their stories that drives the theoretical component.

In recent decades historians have 'discovered' agency in a wide range of geographical and temporal contexts, amongst many different types of actor. This dissertation employs the concept of agency to dissect the dynamics of power in early nineteenth-century London charities. Concurrently, it uses charity to test the potential applications of agency as a historical concept and as a tool for historical analysis. Through case studies of five different types of charity in early nineteenth-century London, this dissertation explores the varied ways in which plebeians exercised their agency. The case studies engage with current definitions of agency 'intentional action, resistance, the defence of rights and customs, exerting control over one's own life, autonomy, strategy, choice, and voice' and test the boundaries of the concept, proposing different ways in which scholars might characterise agency. This dissertation not only examines how the poor exerted their agency, but also how philanthropists conceptualised the agency of the poor. Although agency had a different set of meanings in the early nineteenth century than it does today, Georgian commentators nevertheless discussed the same phenomena that historians today label as agency. This dissertation considers how philanthropists attempted to mould the agency of their beneficiaries and how the agency of the poor shaped charitable organisations. For all its prevalence, agency is an under-theorised and problematic concept. There is no consensus about what agency is or how to locate it. As a result, agency is a slippery concept that seems to elude meaning. Historians are often so personally invested in the project of recovering the agency of subalterns that they underestimate the structural constraints acting on agency or they project modern conceptions of agency on to the subjects of their study. This dissertation subjects agency to critical examination that is long overdue. It argues that agency, as an 'essentially contested' concept, is a powerful tool for dissecting subtle and diverse dynamics of power. This dissertation proposes and demonstrates ways in which scholars can employ the concept usefully, mitigating its problematic aspects.

Estudo quantitativo prospectivo transversal analítico realizado entre janeiro e abril de 2014 em um hospital universitário de Porto Alegre, com o objetivo de verificar a influência da via de nascimento no resultado da triagem auditiva neonatal. A população foi composta por 543 neonatos cujos critérios de inclusão foram: terem nascido de via vaginal ou via cesárea, permanecerem internados em alojamento conjunto, com idade gestacional igual ou superior a 37 semanas, sem indicadores de risco para a deficiência auditiva, com peso ao nascimento igual ou superior a 2500 gramas e estarem com 24 horas ou mais de vida no momento da avaliação. Foram realizadas duas tentativas para obter respostas na triagem auditiva neonatal utilizando o procedimento de emissões otoacústicas evocadas transientes. Entre as duas tentativas foi utilizada a manobra facilitadora quando a resposta não era observada na primeira tentativa. Dos 543 neonatos, 70,3% (n = 382) nasceram de por vaginal e 29,7% (n = 161) de por cesárea. Os resultados mostraram que quando comparadas as características dos neonatos conforme a via de nascimento, o grupo de neonatos nascidos por via cesárea apresentou maior prevalência de sexo masculino (p=0,020), recém-nascidos com menor Apgar no primeiro e no quinto minuto (p=0,011 e p=0,005, respectivamente). Entretanto os neonatos que necessitaram de uma segunda tentativa para se observar presença de respostas das emissões otoacústicas, o grupo de cesárea teve mais necessidade de manobra em ambas as orelhas e no grupo de via vaginal foi necessário mais manobra mais a orelha esquerda (p=0,027). Quando ajustado por possíveis fatores de confusão (sexo, peso, número de horas de vida, via de nascimento, idade materna, número de consultas pré-natal e idade gestacional), a via cesárea permanece um fator significativamente associado à necessidade de manobra facilitadora em ambas as orelhas. Recém-nascidos de cesárea têm 2,83 vezes mais a prevalência de manobra em ambas as orelhas, quando comparados aos RN de via vaginal (RP=2,83; IC 95%: 1,20 – 6,68; p=0,017). Conclui-se que, quando ajustado por possíveis fatores de confusão, a via de nascimento pode influenciar nas respostas da triagem auditiva. Assim, esse é um tema que necessita de mais estudos que levem à compreensão dos fatores presentes durante o nascimento que possam interferir nos resultados da triagem auditiva neonatal. Acredita-se que estudos semelhantes com metodologia diferente possam elucidar e corroborar com estes achados. / A cross-sectional prospective quantitative study carried out between January and April 2014 in a university hospital in Porto Alegre, in order to check the influence of the route of birth results in neonatal hearing screening. The population consisted of 543 neonates whose inclusion criteria were: being born vaginally or via cesarean section, remain hospitalized in rooming with gestational age less than 37 weeks without risk indicators for hearing loss, with weight birth equal to or greater than 2500 grams and be 24 hours or more of life at the time of evaluation. Two attempts were made to obtain responses in neonatal hearing screening using the procedure of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions. Between the two attempts at facilitating maneuver when the response was not observed in the first trial was used. Of the 543 neonates, 70.3% (n = 382) were born vaginally and 29.7% (n = 161) by cesarean section. The results showed that compared the characteristics of newborns as a means of birth, the group of neonates born by cesarean section showed a higher prevalence of male gender (p = 0.020), infants with lower Apgar scores at one and five minutes (p = 0.011 and p = 0.005, respectively). However neonates who required a second attempt to observe the presence of OAE responses, the cesarean group had more need to maneuver in both ears and the group of vaginally more maneuver was necessary over the left ear (p = 0.027 ). When we adjusted for potential confounders (sex, weight, number of hours of life, route of birth, maternal age, number of prenatal visits and gestational age), cesarean section remains a factor significantly associated with the need for facilitating maneuver both ears. Newborn cesarean have 2.83 times the prevalence of maneuver in both ears, when compared with infants of vaginally (PR = 2.83, 95% CI: 1.20 to 6.68, p = 0.017) . We conclude that, when adjusted for possible confounding factors, the route of birth may influence the responses of auditory screening. So, this is a topic that needs further study leading to the understanding of factors present at birth that may affect the outcome of neonatal hearing screening. It is believed that similar studies with different methodology elucidate and corroborate these findings. / Un estudio cuantitativo prospectivo transversal realizado entre enero y abril de 2014 en un hospital universitario de Porto Alegre, con el fin de comprobar la influencia de la ruta de los resultados de nacimiento en tamizaje auditivo neonatal. La población estuvo constituida por 543 neonatos cuyos criterios de inclusión fueron: haber nacido por vía vaginal o por cesárea, permanece hospitalizado en alojamiento conjunto con la edad gestacional menor de 37 semanas sin indicadores de riesgo para la pérdida de audición, con el peso nacimiento igual o mayor que 2500 gramos y ser de 24 horas o más de vida en el momento de la evaluación. Se hicieron dos intentos para obtener respuestas en el cribado auditivo neonatal utilizando el procedimiento de evocadas transitorias emisiones otoacústicas. Entre los dos intentos de facilitar la maniobra cuando no se observó la respuesta en el primer ensayo se utilizó. De los 543 recién nacidos, el 70,3% (n = 382) nacieron por vía vaginal y el 29,7% (n = 161) por cesárea. Los resultados mostraron que, en comparación de las características de los recién nacidos como un medio de nacimiento, el grupo de neonatos nacidos por cesárea mostraron una mayor prevalencia de sexo masculino (p = 0,020), los niños con menores puntuaciones de Apgar al minuto y cinco minutos (p = 0,011 y p = 0,005, respectivamente). Sin embargo los recién nacidos que requirieron un segundo intento de observar la presencia de respuestas OAE, el grupo de cesárea tenían más necesidad de maniobrar en ambas orejas y el grupo de la vagina más maniobra fue necesaria sobre la oreja izquierda (p = 0,027 ). Cuando ajustamos por posibles factores de confusión (sexo, peso, número de horas de duración, ruta de nacimiento, edad materna, número de visitas prenatales y la edad gestacional), la cesárea sigue siendo un factor asociado significativamente con la necesidad de facilitar la maniobra ambos oídos. Cesárea recién nacido tiene 2,83 veces la prevalencia de maniobra en ambos oídos, en comparación con los bebés de la vagina (RP = 2,83, IC del 95%: 1,20 a 6,68, p = 0,017) . Llegamos a la conclusión de que, al ajustar por posibles factores de confusión, la vía de nacimiento puede influir en las respuestas de screening auditivo. Por lo tanto, este es un tema que requiere mayor estudio que lleva a la comprensión de los factores presentes en el nacimiento que pueden afectar el resultado del cribado auditivo neonatal. Se cree que los estudios similares con diferente metodología de dilucidar y corroborar estos hallazgos.

This thesis deals with rituals connected with childbirth in Bohemia and Moravia since the 17th century to the present. The first chapter describes the word ritual, especially the transition ritual, which is understood as a necessary assumption enabling the transition from one stage of life to the other. The next chapter presents the family and its development across the centuries from the traditional conception until the modern one. The family also plays an important role in education and in the child's integration into society - this is discussed in the third chapter. The fourth chapter maps the rituals connected with childbirth adhered to in the past. The fifth chapter continues analyzing the situation about current rituals. The last chapter compares the situation about the implementation of rituals in the past with the situation nowadays. It is concluded with the authors own research, which was based on real data collection.

The study sought to describe Mozambican women's experience of labour pain. The study sought to determine the manner in which labour pain is perceived and to determine the culturally acceptable behaviour of Mozambican women as they experience labour pain. The preferred pain relief measures and cultural practices and beliefs pertaining to labour pain by this cultural group were also studied. The major inferences drawn from this study are that during labour, Mozambican women mainly respond stoically to the experience of labour. They also exhibited different kinds of behaviour in response to labour pain, such as rubbing the painful site, tossing about in bed, and verbalisation. The implication of the study is that Swazi nurse-midwives should render culture congruent maternity care to the women during labour. / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)

Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-04T19:14:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-11-17 / Esta tese é o resultado de um estudo que pretendeu colocar em análise as estratégias do Programa Trabalhando com Parteiras Tradicionais e suas repercussões para um grupo de mulheres Krahô. A entrega do kit da parteira é um ícone do programa, uma presunção de que uma nova prática alinhada ao saber hegemônico terá início a partir de então. Nesse sentido, o estudo buscou analisar como as mulheres Krahô compreendem sua participação no programa e se apropriam e ressignificam os objetos do kit da parteira no contexto do parto domiciliar. A tese está estruturada em formato de quatro artigos, cada qual representando momentos distintos do estudo. Os dois primeiros são anteriores ao trabalho de campo e frutos de questionamentos vivenciados tanto na etapa de desenvolvimento do programa de parteiras quanto no percurso para aprovação nos comitês de ética. Os dois últimos são provenientes do trabalho de campo e contaram com a antropologia e o método etnográfico como suportes principais. Os trâmites para aprovação ética do estudo mostraram-se tortuosos e excessivamente burocráticos, a experiência indicou que é nos processos singulares e subjetivos que as posturas éticas ou não éticas podem ser experimentadas, a despeito do que possa estar registrado em formulários. Os resultados apontam um descompasso entre o discurso e a prática de valorização do saber tradicional e um nítido viés etnocentrado do programa ao ofertar instrumentos fora da lógica de cuidado das mulheres e pressupor um impacto nos indicadores de saúde a partir da aquisição do saber hegemônico. Os objetos foram apropriados e ressignificados no cotidiano das aldeias, mas não encontraram um lugar claro no contexto do parto domiciliar. Traços de violência simbólica emergiram e a categorização das mulheres Krahô como “parteiras” trouxe impactos e prejuízos na relação social de algumas mulheres. Sugere-se o resgate da dimensão intercultural na formulação e execução de políticas públicas direcionadas a esse público como um caminho profícuo, sob pena de se engendrar num ciclo alienado e alienante, desperdiçando recursos e adiando discussões importantes como o fortalecimento da rede de atenção à saúde no entorno das mulheres indígenas. / This thesis is the result of a study that sought to analyze the strategies of the Working with Traditional Midwives Program and its repercussions on a group of Krahô women. Midwife kit delivery is an icon of the program, a presumption that a new practice aligned with hegemonic knowledge will begin there after. Thus, the study sought to analyze how Krahô women view their participation in the program and take ownership of and resignify midwife kit objects in the home birth context. The thesis is structured in four papers, each representing different moments of the study. The first two occurred prior to fieldwork and result from issues raised during the development stage of the midwifery program and throughout the process of approval by ethics committees.The last two stem from fieldwork and were mainly supported by anthropology and the ethnographic method. The procedures for the ethical approval of the study were tortuous and overly bureaucratic. Experience has indicated that ethical or unethical stances can be experienced in the singular and subjective processes, regardless of what may be recorded in forms. Results point to a mismatch between the discourse and the practice of recognizing traditional knowledge and a clear ethnocentric bias of the program when offering tools outside the rationale of women care and assuming an impact on health indicators from the acquisition of hegemonic knowledge. The objects were appropriated and resignified in the daily life of villages, but they failed to find a clear place in the context of home birth. Symbolic violence traits emerged and the categorization of Krahô women as midwives brought impacts and losses in the social relationship of some women. We suggest reviving the intercultural realm in the formulation and implementation of public policies directed to this public as a profitable pathway, under penalty of engendering an alienated and alienating cycle, wasting resources and delaying important discussions such as the strengthening of the health care network around indigenous women. / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

Esta dissertação de mestrado problematiza a relação das mulheres mbyá-guarani com as práticas e políticas de saúde diferenciada, especialmente aquelas que dizem respeito ao processo de gestação, parto e puerpério. Primeiramente, trazendo recortes históricos e legislativos, faço uma discussão a respeito da emergência da “população indígena” como uma “população governável” em que a questão “étnica” aparece de maneira relevante nas práticas de governo, implicando em novos dispositivos de controle e formas de subjetivação a partir da “diferença cultural”. As políticas de saúde diferenciada são analisadas nesse contexto, tratando de traçar um solo sob o qual se sustenta o Posto de Saúde situado na Tekoá Koenju (aldeia mbyá-guarani localizada no município de São Miguel das Missões/RS), onde realizei parte de meu trabalho de campo. Um segundo momento deste trabalho dedica-se às práticas cotidianas de produção do que seria a “cidadania indígena” em um contexto de etnogovernamentalidade, salientando as formas pelas quais os profissionais de saúde atuam tanto baseados em valores morais e concepções próprias, quanto na racionalidade técnica (biomédica e biopolítica). A motivação humanitária (da política e da atuação dos profissionais) muitas vezes acaba por produzir uma população mbyá vulnerável, precária, a qual se justifica a intervenção. A partir da história contada por um karaí opygua suspendem-se certas regras desse jogo (político-conceitual) e adentra-se em outras possibilidades imaginativas mais atentas ao que os Mbyá vêm dizendo. Nessa direção, o terceiro momento atenta-se ao modo mbyá de fazer mundos, levando a política para o nível ontológico, e produzindo deslocamentos nos conceitos biomédicos. Seguindo histórias emblemáticas de partos (narradas e vivenciadas em diferentes espaços e momentos de minha trajetória etnográfica), busco trazer as formas mbyá de produção de corpos e pessoas, nas quais as práticas dos profissionais de saúde e o ambiente hospitalar também ganham um lugar específico. Os partos são, nesse sentido, como uma porta de entrada para pensar a cosmopolítica implicada no processo de produção da pessoa mbyá, situada também nas relações cotidianas com as políticas e práticas de saúde biomédica. / The purpose of this study is to reflect upon the relationship of Mbyá-Guarani women with specialized health policies and practices, especially those concerning pregnancy, birth and postpartum processes. First, bringing historical and legislative elements, I engage in a discussion about the emergence of the "indigenous population" as a "governable population" where "ethnicity" takes a significant role in governance practices resulting, therefore, in new control devices and forms of subjectivity that are built on "cultural difference". Indigenous health policies are analyzed in this context as to outline a ground upon which rests Tekoá Koenju’s (a Mbya-Guarani community, situated in São Miguel das Missões/RS) Health Center, where part of my fieldwork was conducted. A second stage of this work is dedicated to the daily production practices of what would be the "indigenous citizenship" in a context of “ ethnogovernmentality”, highlighting the ways in which health professionals work based both on moral values and personal views, and on technical (biomedical and biopolitical) rationality. The humanitarian reason (present in the policies and in specialists’ work) can often produce a vulnerable, precarious mbyá population that justifies an intervention. From a story told by a karai opyguá (mbyá shaman), certain rules of this political and conceptual game are suspended and other imaginative possibilities are able to emerge. In this direction, the third part of this study pays special attention to the mbyá way of “worlding”, taking politics to the ontological level and producing changes in biomedical concepts. Following emblematic stories of births (narrated and experienced in different moments of my ethnographic trajectory), I seek to convey the mbyá modes of producing bodies and persons in which health professionals’ practices and the hospital environment also have a specific place. Childbirth is, in this sense, a way to think about the cosmopolitics involved in the production process of the mbyá person, also situated in daily relationships with the biomedical health’s policies and practices.